scholarly journals Characterization, identification, and analysis of bioactive compound of endophytic bacteria from Hoya multiflora Blume

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewinta Nur Alvionita ◽  
SRI RAHAYU ◽  
NISA RACHMANIA MUBARIK
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Compound A ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Hoya multiflora Blume has been used for various purposes. Extract hoya has been reported to have bioactivity but extraction from the plant has been inefficient because it requires large biomass. Therefore, one of the appropriate ways to extract its bioactive compounds is using endophytic bacteria. The purposes of this research were to isolate, characterize, test its antimicrobial activity against two pathogenic bacteria  and identify its bioactive compound. A total of 18 isolates from H. multiflora Blume were successfully obtained. Based on antimicrobial test, one isolate was able to inhibit Escherichia coli, one isolate inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and two isolates inhibited both of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethyl acetate extract from HMB 1 was 62.5 ppm, while from HMD 4 was 125 ppm, both against E. coli and S. aureus. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, HMB 1 was the most similar (99.91%) with Bacillus siamensis KCTC-13613 and HMD 4 was the most similar (100%) with Bacillus aryabhattai B82W22. Using GC-MS, pyrollo[1,2-a]-pyrazine-1,4-dione was found to be dominant compound in the exctract  bacteria of HMB 1and HMD 4 while Stigmasterol was found in extract HMD 4 and extract leaves H. multiflora Blume, respectively.

scholarly journals First case of an invasive Bacteroides dorei infection detected in a patient with a mycotic aortic aneurysm—raising a rebellion of major indigenous bacteria in humans: a case report and review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Matsuoka ◽  
Takuya Shimizu ◽  
Tadanori Minagawa ◽  
Wakiko Hiranuma ◽  
Miki Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Resected Specimen ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background Bacteroides dorei is an anaerobic gram-negative bacterium first described in 2006. Because of the high similarity in mass spectra between B. dorei and Bacteroides vulgatus, discriminating between these species is arduous in clinical practice. In recent decades, 16S rRNA gene sequencing has been a complementary method for distinguishing taxonomically close bacteria, including B. dorei and B. vulgatus, at the genus and species levels. Consequently, B. dorei has been shown to contribute to some diseases, including type 1 autoimmune diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic diseases. However, there are no reports on invasive infectious diseases caused by B. dorei. This report describes the first case of direct invasion and colonisation of human tissue by B. dorei, thus providing a warning regarding the previously proposed application of B. dorei as a live biotherapeutic for atherosclerotic diseases. Case presentation A 78-year-old Japanese man complained of intermittent chest/back pain and was diagnosed with a mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm by enhanced computed tomography on admission. Despite strict blood pressure control and empirical antibiotic therapy, the patient’s condition worsened. To prevent aneurysmal rupture and eliminate infectious foci, the patient underwent surgical treatment. The resected specimen was subjected to tissue culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to identify pathogenic bacteria. A few days after the surgery, culture and sequencing results revealed that the pathogen was B. dorei/B. vulgatus and B. dorei, respectively. The patient was successfully treated with appropriate antibacterial therapy and after improvement, was transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation on postoperative day 34. There was no recurrence of infection or aneurysm after the patient transfer. Conclusions This report describes the first case of invasive infectious disease caused by B. dorei, casting a shadow over its utilisation as a probiotic for atherosclerotic diseases.

Assessing the Plant Growth-promoting Traits and Host Specificity of Endophytic Bacteria of Pulse Crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Thamizh Vendan ◽  
D. Balachandar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Traits

Background: Symbiotic associations between legumes and Rhizobia are ancient and fundamental. However, the plant growth-promoting endophytes other than Rhizobia are not yet fully explored for pulses productivity. The present study was aimed to isolate efficient endophytic bacteria from pulses, assess their diversity, screen their plant growth-promoting activities and to test their potential as bio inoculants for pulses.Methods: We have isolated several endophytic bacteria from pulse crops more specifically from blackgram (Vigna mungo) and greengram (Vigna radiata). After careful screening, 15 promising endophytic isolates were selected for this study. The identification of endophytic bacterial isolates was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The isolates were tested for their potential for the plant growth-promoting traits such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid production, siderophore secretion and antifungal activity. Pot culture experiments were conducted with the screened potential endophytic cultures.Result: The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that species of Enterobacter, Bacillus, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Acromobacter, Ocrobacterium were found as endophytes in blackgram and greengram. The in vitro screening identified Bacillus pumilus (BG-E6), Pseudomonas fluorescens (BG-E5) and Bacillus licheniformis (BG-E3) from blackgram and Pseudomonas chlororaphis (GG-E2) and Bacillus thuringiensis (GG-E7) from greengram as potential plant growth-promoting endophytes. These strains showed antagonism against plant pathogenic fungi. Upon inoculation of these endophytic PGPR strains, the blackgram and greengram growth and yield got increased. Among the strains, BG-E6 recorded 14.7% increased yield in blackgram and GG-E2 accounted for a 19.5% yield increase in greengram compared to respective uninoculated control. The experimental results showed that there was a host specificity found among the endophytic bacterial cultures with pulses. The cross inoculation of endophytic strains did not perform well to enhance the growth and yield of their alternate hosts. 

scholarly journals Determination of important enzymes and antimicrobial resistances of gram-positive haloalkaliphilic bacteria isolated from Salda Lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Pınar Çağlayan
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

As an extreme environment, soda lakes harbor various haloalkaliphilic microorganisms. Salda Lake is one of the natural soda lake (pH˃9) in Turkey. Haloalkaliphiles are unique microorganisms in their ability to live in high alkaline and high saline conditions, and play an important role in biodegradation and bioremediation of hydrocarbons. Hence, the aims of this study were to isolate haloalkaliphilic bacteria from water sample of Salda Lake, to identify these isolates by both conventional and molecular methods, to screen their industrially important enzymes, and to investigate their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Six isolates were identified as Bacillus horneckiae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus paramycoides, Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus haynesii according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The industrially important enzymes (amylase, cellulase, pullulanase, lipase, urease, protease, caseinase, oxidase, catalase) were produced by haloalkaliphilic isolates. These enzymes maybe used in alkaline and saline industrial processes. Although Bacillus subtilis was susceptible to all antibiotics, other isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. The resistance against antibiotics were found as ampicillin/sulbactam 83%, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid 83%, ampicillin 67%, mupirocin 67%, chloramphenicol 50%, tetracycline 50%, imipenem 50%, meropenem 50%, cefadroxil 17%. These bacteria may have develope resistance to antibiotics that entering their natural environment in different ways.

scholarly journals Endophytic Bacteria from Faloak Plant Seed (Sterculia comosa Wallich) as Antibacterial Agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-552
Author(s):  
Maria Yasinta Moi ◽  
Endang Kusdiyantini ◽  
Sri Pujiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Compounds ◽  
Screening Result

Endophytic bacteria isolated from some various kind of plants are able to yield some active compounds which have a role as an antibacterial compound. This work aimed to isolate and to screen the Endophytic bacteria from Faloak seed in its charge in inhibiting two kinds of pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. There were six isolates of Endophytic bacteria isolated in this work. According to the screening result, one isolate which had the most potential antibacterial activity (marked by the formation of inhibition zone) against S. aureus and E. coli. That most potential isolate was then tested and identified for both biochemical properties and molecular 16S rRNA gene. The result of this study showed that the endophytic bacteria isolate of Faloak seed with the code of S1 had the similarity with Enterobacter xiangfangensis strain 10-17 by 93 %. The research about endophytic bacteria of Faloak plants was never conducted before. Thus this research was expected to give information about the potential of antimicrobial ability Faloak plants which can be utilized in the discovery of new antibiotic compounds which in the future are expected to overcome the problem of microorganism resistance to antibiotics. The use of endophytic bacteria is expected to prevents the extinction of Faloak plants due to excessive use.

scholarly journals Early-Life Intake of an Isotonic Protein Drink Improves the Gut Microbial Profile of Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Stefan G. Buzoianu ◽  
Ava M. Firth ◽  
CallaBria Putrino ◽  
Fabio Vannucci
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

A healthy microbial community in the gut of piglets is critical to minimize the negative performance consequences associated with dietary and environmental changes that occur at weaning. Tonisity Px, an isotonic protein drink, is a potential alternative to balance the gut microbiota as it contains key ingredients for nourishing the small intestine. In the present study, 16 litters comprising 161 piglets were randomly allocated to a group to which Tonisity Px was provided from days 2 to 8 of age (TPX group) or to a control group, to which no Tonisity Px was provided. The TPX group also received Tonisity Px in the 3 days before and after weaning. At days 9, 17, and 30 of age, fecal and ileum samples were collected from piglets belonging to both groups and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, semiquantitative PCR of Rotavirus serogroups, and semiquantitative Escherichia coli culture. Overall, Tonisity Px increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial populations (Lactobacillus and Bacteroides species) and reduced potentially pathogenic bacterial populations (E. coli and Prevotellaceae), in both the pre-weaning and post-weaning periods.

Comparative Study on Rate of Biodegradation of Diluted Bitumen and Conventional Oil in Fresh Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2256-2267
Author(s):  
Ruta Suresh Deshpande ◽  
Devi Sundaravadivelu ◽  
Pablo Campo ◽  
Jorge W. SantoDomingo ◽  
Robyn N. Conmy
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Set Up

Abstract 2017-271 In recent years, diluted bitumen (or dilbit) has become an important source of hydrocarbon-based fuel. While information on the degradation of crude oils has been well researched, dilbit degradation has been studied at a much lesser extent. The objective of this study was to compare biodegradation of dilbit with a conventional crude oil (CCO) under various conditions. Two different microcosm experiments were set up, one containing a mixed culture acclimated to dilbit (Kalamazoo River Enrichment, KRC) and the other having a mixed culture enriched on soil contaminated with hydrocarbons (Anderson Ferry Enrichment, AFC). The microcosms were run for 60 d at 25 °C and for 72 days at 5 °C in flasks containing sterile Bushnell Hass broth and naturally dispersed oil. Each flask was inoculated with the KRC and AFC mixed cultures, and rotated on an orbital shaker (200 rpm) at the above stated temperatures. On each sampling day, triplicates were sacrificed to determine the residual hydrocarbon concentration. Additionally, some samples were used to determine the bacterial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Hydrocarbon analysis (alkanes and PAHs) was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). Higher degradation rates were achieved at 25 °C as compared to 5 °C. All the enrichments metabolized CCO as well dilbit, but the nature and extent of the degradation was distinct. KRC meso culture was the most effective among all, as it completely removed alkanes and most of the PAHs. AFC enrichment performed differently at the two temperatures; an acclimation period (8 d) was observed at 5 °C while there was no lag at 25 °C. KRC cryo culture as well as AFC culture at both temperatures degraded alkanes completely while they were not able to metabolize heavier fractions of the oil (C2–4 homologues of 3- and 4-ring compounds). All cultures showed the presence of diverse oil degrading bacteria and the differences in their compositions affected the biodegradation. Although dilbit was biodegraded, for all the treatments except AFC at 5 °C, the rate of degradation and the extent of degradation was greater for CCO owing to the higher concentrations of lighter hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Identification of culturable stream water bacteria from urban, agricultural, and forested watersheds using 16S rRNA gene sequencing

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth T. Belt ◽  
Christina Hohn ◽  
Aiah Gbakima ◽  
James A. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Crop Agriculture ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Common Genus

Bacteria present in water samples taken on a weekly basis, from June 2004 through June 2005, from three streams, were cultured on Coliscan® Easygel® agar plates. Colonies representative of a variety of colors and morphologies were subjected to amplification and sequencing of a 1000–1100 nt portion of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 528 colonies were sequenced; these categorized into 26 genera and 78 species. Of 175 dark blue/purple colonies presumed to be E. coli, sequence analysis indicated that 45 (25%) were actually other genera. For the urban stream Gwynns Falls Gwynns Run, E. coli was the most common genus/species encountered, followed by Klebsiella and Aeromonas. For Pond Branch, a stream located in a forested watershed, it was Serratia, followed by Yersinia and Aeromonas. For McDonogh (MCDN), a stream associated with Zea mays (corn) row crop agriculture, E. coli was the most frequently isolated genus/species, followed by Aeromonas and Enterobacter. ERIC-PCR genotyping of isolates from the most prevalent genera/species, indicated a high degree of diversity within-stream for E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Conversely, genotyping of Y. enterocolitica isolates indicated that some were shared between different streams.

scholarly journals Fastidious Gram-Negatives: Identification by the Vitek 2 Neisseria-Haemophilus Card and by Partial 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens JØrgen Christensen ◽  
Brita Bruun ◽  
Ute Wolff Sönksen ◽  
Lisbeth Nielsen ◽  
Annemarie Hesselbjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

scholarly journals Bacterial composition of nasal discharge in children based on highly accurate 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Haro ◽  
Midori Ogawa ◽  
Mitsumasa Saito ◽  
Koichi Kusuhara ◽  
Kazumasa Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractNasopharyngeal colonization by bacteria is a prerequisite for progression to respiratory disease and an important source of horizontal spread within communities. We aimed to perform quantitative analysis of the bacterial cells and reveal the microbiota of the nasal discharge in children at the species level based on highly accurate 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This study enrolled 40 pediatric patients with rhinorrhea. The bacterial cells in the nasal discharge were counted by epifluorescence microscopic analysis. The microbiota was analyzed by using the 16S rRNA gene clone library sequencing method. We demonstrated that a high abundance (median 2.2 × 107 cells/mL) of bacteria was contained in the nasal discharge of children. Of the 40 samples, 37 (92.5%) were dominated by OTUs corresponding to Haemophilus aegyptius/influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis/nonliquefaciens, or Streptococcus pneumoniae. These samples showed higher cell abundance and lower alpha diversity than the remaining three samples in which the other bacteria coexisted. In addition, 12 sequences with low homology to type strains were considered as previously unknown bacterial lineages. In conclusion, the nasal discharge of most young children contains a large amount of respiratory pathogens and several unknown bacteria, which could not only cause endogenous infection but also be a source of transmission to others.

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