scholarly journals Refugia Refugia effect on arthropods in an organic paddy field in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainal Abidin Suyono ◽  
AMIN SETYO LEKSONO ◽  
BAGYO YANUWIADI ◽  
MANGKU PURNOMO
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Taxa Richness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Predatory Arthropods

Abstract. Abidin Z, Leksono AS, Yanuwiadi B, Purnomo M. 2020. Refugia effect toward arthropods in an organic paddy field in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1415-1421. This study aims to determine the abundance, community structure, and diversity of arthropod visitors of refugia in organic paddy fields in the Malang District of East Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted in 2019 from February to June and covered the stages from planting to harvest. The paddy fields were divided into 12 plots consisting of six refugia plots and six control plots. Sampling was carried out in two five-day phases, specifically in the vegetative phase (February) and the generative phase (June) of paddy plants. The results showed that 28.184 species consisting of nine orders and 40 families were observed. The abundance of common predator families, such as the Aleyrodidae, Formicidae, Libellulidae, and Tetragnatidae, in organic paddy. The average arthropod taxa richness in the refugia was 20.59 ± 12.24 species, while in the control it was 13.16 ± 8.95 species. Statistical analysis showed that the difference was significant (p < 0.05). The average arthropod diversity in the refugia was 2.39 ± 0.78 species, while in control was 2.35 ± 0.15 species. In conclusion, the population of arthropods was the highest in the refugia. Therefore, organic paddy surrounded by refugia with wild plants was the most appropriate habitat and niche for predatory arthropods.

scholarly journals The Value of a Decrease in Temperature by One Degree Celsius of the Regional Microclimate—The Cooling Effect of the Paddy Field

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Ya-Wen Chiueh ◽  
Chih-Hung Tan ◽  
Hsiang-Yi Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference

In the face of climate change, extreme climates are becoming more frequent. There were severe droughts in Taiwan in 2020, 2014–2015, and 2002. In these years, the paddy fields were kept fallow to save water and transfer agricultural water to non-agricultural use. On the other hand, with global warming, the existence of paddy fields may be one of the natural solutions to regional temperature mitigation. This study used remote sensing to quantify the difference in temperature between paddy fields and urban areas. The result of overall surface temperature deductive analysis revealed that the temperature in the whole Taoyuan research area was 1.2 °C higher in 2002 than in 2003 because of fallowing of the paddy field, while in the Hsinchu research area, it was 1.5 °C higher in 2002 than in 2003, due to the same reason described above. In terms of the difference in land use, for the Hsinchu research area, the surface temperature deductive result showed that the average paddy field temperature in 2002 was 22.3 °C (sample area average), which was 7.7 °C lower than that of the building and road point and 4.3 °C lower than that of the bare land point. The average paddy field temperature in 2003 was 19.2 °C (sample area average), which was 10.1 °C lower than that of the building and road point and 8.3 °C lower than that of the bare land point. Then this study evaluated the economic valuation of the paddy field cooling effect using the contingent valuation method. Through the paddy field cooling effect and in the face of worsening extreme global climate, the willingness to pay (WTP) of the respondents in Taiwan for a decrease of 1 °C with regard to the regional microclimate was evaluated. It was found that people in Taiwan are willing to pay an extra 8.89 USD/per kg rice/year for the paddy for a decrease in temperature by 1 °C in the regional microclimate due to the paddy field. Furthermore, this study applied the benefits transfer method to evaluate the value of a decrease of 1 °C in the regional microclimate in Taiwan. The value of a decrease of 1 °C in the regional microclimate in Taiwan is 9,693,144,279 USD/year. In this regard, the economic value of 1 °C must not be underestimated. In conclusion, more caution is needed while making decisions to change the land use of paddy fields to other land uses.

A Rethink on the Origine of Songgungni Culture

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-125
Author(s):  
Jaeho Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Family System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Shandong Peninsula ◽  
Surplus Production ◽  
Ceramic Art ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The Difference

Songgungni Culture, formed in the late Bronze Age of Korean peninsula, is characterized by the increased power of chieftains, uses of bronzeware, and constructions of huge burial mounds known as Guhoekmyo. The discussion on the difference of Songgungni Culture from previous cultural forms has been divided into the view to see it as foreign influences and that to see it derived from the previous local cultures. The author suggested the latter view first in 1992 but the findings accumulated since then lead us to rethink the origin of Songgungni Culture from a perspective that conjoins these two oft-conflicting views. The Zhou Dynasty and paddy field agrarian culture in the lower area of the Yangtze River influenced the formation of Songgungni Culture given the following findings. First, the Zhou Dynasty’s ceramic art called Beating Technique was discovered in Songgungni Culture with other artifacts such as weights made of stone, bottom parts of Chinese earthenware, and the jar coffins indicating the existence of ascribed status. Second, the excavations of paddy fields, Yunnan- style kilns, independent pillar structures, flask-shaped storage holes, and pestles suggest the propagation of the paddy field rice culture of the lower Yangtze along the coastline of the Shandong Peninsula. Under these foreign influences, Songguk-ri type potteries and other creative agricultural tools were produced. The differentiation of the previous joint family system into the nuclear produced lots of downsized dwelling areas which characterize Songguk-ri culture. And the innovation in the yielding capacity made possible by paddy fields also shows an aspect of Chiefdom settled into this area during the time. The surplus production of this period was not enough to advance towards the autonomous production of bronzeware. The increased size of chieftains’ tombs did not contain enough burial goods. Given the aforementioned findings, Songgungni Culture could be understood as an early stage of Chiefdom, just getting out of the state of fragmented society.

scholarly journals Diversity and population dynamics of Odonata (Insecta: Odonata) in rice growing area of central Gujarat

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
V. B. Rohmare ◽  
Darshana M. Rathod ◽  
B. M. Parasharya
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Point Count Method

Odonates diversity was studied in Paddy field of central Gujarat during 2012 to 2015. Total 39 species belonging to 25 genera, under six families and two suborders were recorded. Total 17 species of Zygoptera (damselflies) and 22 species of Anisoptera (dragonflies) were recorded. Community structure and population dynamics of adult odonates were studied at Lingda village during July to December, 2012 through monitoring their population by point count method on three microhabitats (paddy field, village pond and fish farm). Total seventeen species were encounterd in the point count. Diversity index (H’) was highest (2.13) for paddy fields followed by fish farm (2.07) and village pond (1.99). Evenness value of the odonates also ranged between 0.7 and 0.8. Total four species (<em>Viz.</em> Ditch Jewel (25.0%), Green Marsh Hawk (17%), Ruddy Marsh Skimmer and Coromandal Marsh Dart (16% each) were dominant species in all three microhabitats. Both the suborders Anisoptera (dragonfly) and Zygoptera (damselfly) showed similar trend of population fluctuation during the study. Relative abundance was higher and remained constant during 4<sup>th</sup> week of September to 2<sup>nd</sup> week of October.

scholarly journals PENYEBARAN HAMA KEPINDING TANAH DAN MUSUH ALAMINYA PADA PERTANAMAN PADI SAWAH DI SULAWESI UTARA

EUGENIA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Paendong ◽  
Jantje Pelealu ◽  
Jimmy Rimbing
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT   Bedbug is the major pest in paddy fields in North Sulawesi. The pest attacks on vegetative and generative phase of rice . The species  of pest  attacking on  paddy fields in North Sulawesi is unknown. The study aimed to evaluate  the spread of bedbug ground pests, to identify the pest species as well as natural enemies of the pest at  the ecosystem of paddy fields in North Sulawesi. The result showed that the pest had spread to paddy field in Bolaang Mongondow, South Minahasa and Southeast Minahasa. In Minahasa regency, the pest had not been detected. In terms of population density of pest bugs , the highest was  found in  Bolaang Mongondow which was 14.67 individual per 20 times of swinging  followed by South Minahasa which was 10.33 individual. The lowest was found in Southeastern Minahasa which was 0.67 individuals. There were eight types of natural enemies of the pest  in  soil ecosystem of paddy fields in North Sulawesi. The eight types of natural enemies of the pest were  seven  predator and one parasitoid. The one parasitoid was Telenomus sp. The  seven predator were  Micraspis crocea, Methioche sp, Anaxipha sp, Oxyopes javanus, Tetragnatha sp, Lycosa sp and Chilomenes sp. Keywords: bedbug spread of soil, its natural enemies

scholarly journals Comparison of the bacterial and methanotrophic diversities between an Italian paddy field and its neighboring meadow

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghashghavi ◽  
Eric R. Hester ◽  
Viktoria Oliver ◽  
Claudia Lüke ◽  
Mike S. M. Jetten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Classical Source ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
Source Sink

AbstractMethane is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. However, under certain conditions, its release into the atmosphere can be mitigated by methane-oxidizing microorganisms. Typically, cultivated wetlands (i.e., paddy fields) are a major source of methane (CH4) while forests and meadow uplands are considered to be CH4 sinks. As the global need for rice production increases each year, more uplands are converted to inundated paddy fields. To investigate soils that may be converted into productive land for rice production, we investigated a paddy field and adjacent meadow in Northern Italy. Using a combination of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to analyze the bacterial community, and gas flux measurements to quantify CH4 emissions, we looked for differences between classically defined CH4 sinks (meadow soils) and CH4 sources (paddy fields). Analysis of the total bacterial community revealed that the family Fimbriimonadaceae, which belongs to the phylum Armatimonadetes, was significantly higher in paddy field soils driving the difference between paddy and meadow soils. Whereas, we found that the methylotrophic families Methyloligellaceae and Methylomirabilaceae were also present in higher relative abundance in the paddy field. Despite these major differences, CH4 fluxes were highly variable between the two sites with no significant differences observed. Furthermore, we found the Methylomonaceae family to be more abundant at the center of a neighboring paddy field compared to the edge of the paddy field from the current study, hinting at methanotrophic variation based on location. Taking these results into account, we propose a conceptual model to explain possible scenarios that may result in paddy and meadow fields not exhibiting classical source/sink properties. These findings call for caution when including paddy and meadow areas separately into global CH4 flux calculations, and urge further research to discern drivers of CH4 cycling under a range of environmental conditions rather than relying on assumptions.

scholarly journals MULTITEMPORAL LANDSAT DATA TO QUICK MAPPING OF PADDY FIELD BASED ON STATISTICAL PARAMETERS OF VEGETATION INDEX (CASE STUDY: TANGGAMUS, LAMPUNG)

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Parsa ◽  
Dede Dirgahayu
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Mapping Accuracy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Maximum Minimum

Paddy  field  has  unique  characteristics  that  distinguish  it  from  other  plants.  Before it planting, paddy field is always flooded so that the appearance is dominated by water (aqueous phase). Within the  growth  of rice, field  conditions  will  be  increasingly  dominated  by  greenish rice  plants.While at the end, the rice plants will turn yellow indicating for harvesting. During flooding stage, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of pady field is negative. The negative value of NDVI of paddy field will ultimately increase to the maximum value at the maximum vegetative growth. TheNDVI of paddy field will decrease from generative phase until harvest and after harvest. The objective of  this  study  was  to  perform  the vegetation  index  analyses for multitemporal  Landsat  imagery of paddy field. The results showed that the difference of vegetation index values (maximum - minimum)of  paddy  field  were greater than the  difference  of vegetation index  values of  other land  uses.  Such differences values can be used as indicator to map land for rice. The evaluation results with reference data showed that the mapping accuracy (overall accuracy) was of 87.4 percent.

The Effect of T-Commerce Scarcity Messages and Price Policies on Attitudes and Purchase Intention

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
KwangSeok Han
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Discount Factor ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Price Discount ◽  
Discount Price ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
The Difference

Background/Objectives: This study investigated differences in the attitude of users according to type of scarcity message and price discount conditions to compose T-commerce sales messages and search for effective strategic plans. Methods/Statistical analysis: This study empirically verifies the difference in promotion attitude and purchase intention between the type of T-Commerce scarcity message (quantity limit message / time limit message) and the price discount policy (price discount / non-discount) message. For this purpose, 2 (scarcity type: limited quantity, limited time) X 2 (with or without price discount: price discount, no price discount) factor design between subjects was used.

scholarly journals Effects of Contemporary Land Use Types and Conversions from Wetland to Paddy Field or Dry Land on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2094
Author(s):  
Di Zhao ◽  
Junyu Dong ◽  
Shuping Ji ◽  
Miansong Huang ◽  
Quan Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration is closely related to soil quality and climate change. The objectives of this study were to estimate the effects of contemporary land use on SOC concentrations at 0–20 cm depths, and to investigate the dynamics of SOC in paddy-field soil and dry-land soil after their conversion from natural wetlands (20 and 30 years ago). We investigated the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), and other soil properties (i.e., moisture content, bulk density, pH, clay, sand, silt, available phosphorous, light fraction nitrogen, and heavy fraction nitrogen) in natural wetlands, constructed wetlands, fishponds, paddy fields, and soybean fields. The results indicated that the content of DOC increased 17% in constructed wetland and decreased 39% in fishponds, and the content of HFOC in constructed wetland and fishponds increased 50% and 8%, respectively, compared with that in natural wetlands at 0–20 cm. After the conversion of a wetland, the content of HFOC increased 72% in the paddy fields and decreased 62% in the dry land, while the content of DOC and LFOC decreased in both types. In the paddy fields, LFOC and HFOC content in the topmost 0.2 m of the soil layer was significantly higher compared to the layer below (from 0.2 to 0.6 m), and there were no significant differences observed in the dry land. The findings suggest that the paddy fields can sequester organic carbon through the accumulation of HFOC. However, the HFOC content decreased 22% after 10 years of cultivation with the decrease of clay content, indicating that paddy fields need to favor clay accumulation for the purpose of enhancing carbon sequestration in the paddy fields.

Analysis of the breeding records of a herd of pigs

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
P. M. Clarke ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Large White ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Length Of Gestation

1. A survey and. statistical analysis of the records of litters born in the N.I.R.D. herd of Large White pigs over a period of 16 years are presented.2. The mean length of gestation was 114 days for both gilts and sows.3. The mean numbers of pigs born alive and born dead per litter from gilts, 10·0 and 0·2 respectively, were both significantly smaller than the corresponding figures for sows, 11·8 and O·8. No seasonal differences were found.4. The mean total losses of pigs from birth to weaning at 8 weeks were 29·5% of pigs born alive. The losses in litters from gilts, 23·0%, were significantly smaller than in litters from sows, 31·0%. The losses during the winter months both for gilts, 32·5%, and for sows, 35·9%, were significantly higher than during the summer months, 19·4% and 26·7% for gilts and sows respectively.5. Over 50% of the total losses were due to crushing by the dam, 74·1% of the losses from this cause occurring during the first 48 hr. after birth.6. The mean number of pigs weaned per litter was 8·0. The difference between the number weaned per litter from gilts, 7·7, and per litter from number of pigs was weaned per litter from sows during the summer months, 8·7, than during the winter months, 7·4.7. There was no significant difference between the number of male and of female pigs weaned.8. The mean weight at weaning was 29·9 lb., male pigs, 30·3 lb., being significantly heavier than females, 29·51b. Pigs in litters from gilts, 27·81b., were significantly lighter at weaning than those from sows, 30·0 lb., and for both gilts and sows, pigs reared during the summer months, 29·7 and 31·8 lb. respectively, were significantly heavier than those reared during the winter months, 25·9 and 28·2 lb. respectively.

scholarly journals Characteristics of anteroposterior curvatures of the spine in soccer and futsal players

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Chromik ◽  
Anna Burdukiewicz ◽  
Jadwiga Pietraszewska ◽  
Aleksandra Stachoń ◽  
Paweł Wolański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Prevention Training ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractPurpose. The aim of the study was to determine differences in anteroposterior spine curvatures between futsal players, soccer players, and non-training students. The results may contribute to the development of present-day knowledge of posturometry, and its implementation in training can help reduce the risk of body posture disorders in athletes. Methods. The examined group consisted of 48 athletes and 38 non-training college students. Body posture parameters were measured with the use of Posturometr-S. The normality of distribution was checked with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the differences between the groups were measured with ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. The analysis of angle values revealed the widest and most similar measurements in the group of futsal players and soccer players. The analysis of variance proved statistically significant differences between the soccer players and futsal players (p = 0.003). The difference between the soccer players and non-training students was statistically significant. The highest γ angular value was measured in non-training students, followed by futsal players and soccer players. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the non-training students and futsal players, as well as non-training students and soccer players (p < 0.001). Conclusions. A complex assessment of athletes’ body posture is crucial in injury prevention. Training overloads may often lead to disorders of the organ of locomotion and affect the correct body posture in athletes. This, in turn, may result in pains and injuries.

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