scholarly journals Comparative leaf and wood anatomical characteristics of Chrysophyllum (Sapotaceae) relate to taxonomy of the species in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMOESAK PRASAWANG ◽  
Anitthan Srinual
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Chrysophyllum Cainito ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Paraffin Method

Abstract. Prasawang S, Srinual A. 2020. Comparative leaf and wood anatomical characteristics of Chrysophyllum (Sapotaceae) relate to taxonomy of the species in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 1578-1587. Anatomical attributes are important tools for taxonomic studies of plants. The present study compared anatomical characteristics (i.e. lamina, petiole and wood) of two species of Chrysophyllum (namely Chrysophyllum cainito L. and C. roxburghii G.Don) belonging to family Sapotaceae in Thailand to develop taxonomic identification keys for two species of Chrysophyllum. Peeling and clearing methods were used for epidermal study, paraffin method for lamina and petiole transverse sections and standard microtome sectioning for anatomical analyses of wood. The findings of this study demonstrated the leaf and wood anatomical features presenting in C. cainito differs from those in the species of C. roxburghii including 1) shape and outline of epidermal cell wall 2) presence or absence of T-shaped trichome 3) presence or absence of inclusions 4) shape of vascular bundle and accessory bundle in midrib 5) shape of petiole and vascular bundle 6) grouping type of vessel 7) type of axial parenchyma 8) presence or absence of inclusions in rays and 9) thickness of fiber walls. Therefore, these characteristics can be used valuably as additional data in case of taxonomic studies of Thai Chrysophyllum.

Solving taxonomic problems within the Aldama genus based on anatomical characters

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Bertolosi Bombo ◽  
Arinawa Liz Filartiga ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
First Time

Anatomical characteristics have proved to be an invaluable asset for supporting taxonomic studies on different plant families, such as Asteraceae. Anatomical features can also help clarify taxonomical problems in the Aldama La Llave genus, especially among Brazilian representatives. The present study focussed on Aldama bakeriana, A. discolor, A. grandiflora and A. squalida. These species were chosen because they are difficult to identify taxonomically if the specimens have no flowers, they have biological and pharmacological potential and they are representative species from key morphological groups in the Aldama genus and could help in future taxonomical investigations. Aerial and underground vegetative organs from the four species were described herein for the first time and a comparative analysis was performed to highlight the unique features of each species and determine whether these species can be differentiated in terms of anatomy. All four species analysed were anatomically very similar. However, they could be differentiated on the basis of the set of anatomical features described for each species. On the basis of our findings, we concluded that anatomy is able to provide data to assist with the taxonomic problems within the four species analysed herein. The results also corroborated other studies on the Aldama genus.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS OF FOUR VARIETIES OF Hancornia speciosa GOMES (APOCYNACEAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Dayana Figueiredo Abdalla ◽  
Indiara Nunes Mesquita Ferreira ◽  
Moemy Gomes de Moraes ◽  
Eli Regina Barboza de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Isolated Organs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa ◽  
Botanical Varieties

Hancornia speciosa Gomes, known as mangaba or mangabeira, is a plant species of the family Apocynaceae with botanical varieties occurring in several regions of Brazil. The species is of considerable ecological and economic importance in the food, timber, latex and medicinal industries. Four different varieties of H. speciosa occur in Cerrado. Anatomical characteristics contribute to the taxonomic identification of plants, including those of isolated organs such as leaves, roots, stems, fruits and seeds. Thus, the present work investigated the anatomical characteristics and the location of the main classes of secondary metabolites of the fruits of H. speciosa var. pubescens, H. speciosa var. gardneri, H. speciosa var. speciosa and H. speciosa var. cuyabensis to assist in distinguishing the varieties. Fruits were collected, preserved and fixed following usual methods for anatomical and histochemical analyses. All varieties under study showed similarities in anatomical characteristics and in the distribution of metabolites in the fruits, with the exception of the anatomy of the exocarp, where the occurrence of trichomes differed among the varieties of H. speciosa.

scholarly journals Anatomical investigations of the strawberry (Fragaria grandiflora Ehrh.) receptacle in the initial stages of development

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
Jan Szymański
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Long Day ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paraffin Method ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Intensive Growth

The anatomical changes occurring in the strawberry fruit in the course of its growth were investigated. Flowers or fruits were collected from the apexes of the inflorescence of plants of the cultivar 'Talisman' cultivated in the glasshouse under long day. A method was developed for embedding the receptacle in a mixture of paraffin, rubber and wax, because the classical paraffin method did not give good results. Three different vascular bundle systems were distinguished in the strawberry, supplying the particular parts of the flower. Most intensive growth of the mean number of cells occurs in the cortex. The number of pith cells, beginning with the 5th day after pollination does not practically increase. Neither does between the 5th and 10th day after pollination, the number of cortical cells increase in the apical part of the fruit.

Wood anatomy of historic French violin bows made of Pernambuco wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-332
Author(s):  
Tahysa Mota Macedo ◽  
Cecília Gonçalves Costa ◽  
Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima ◽  
Claudia Franca Barros
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
High Quality ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

Abstract Paubrasilia echinata is recognized as the best wood in the manufacture of high-quality bows for string instruments. The wood anatomy of five historic French violin bows of the 19th and 20th century made of Pernambuco wood were investigated in order to reveal the wood anatomic features of these historical bows, to determine which P. echinata morphotype (arruda, café or laranja) was used in their manufacture and to identify the state of origin of the wood. Five bow samples were compared to 33 P. echinata specimens from the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. The wood anatomical features were compared by means of principal component analysis, which revealed the type of axial parenchyma and percentage of tissue to be the most important to sort specimens. The best wood anatomical features previously described for high-quality bows were corroborated here and the bows in general showed similar wood anatomical features. Based on wood anatomy we found that the violin bows were most similar to the samples from the arruda morphotype derived from the States of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte by presenting scanty, unilateral and vasicentric axial parenchyma without confluences forming bands, higher percentage of fibres and lower percentage of axial parenchyma. We can therefore suggest that the historical French violin bows studied here were all made of the arruda morphotype from the Brazilian Northeast region helping explain the preference of the French explorers for this region.

Wood anatomy of the neotropical liana lineage Paullinia L. (Sapindaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-300
Author(s):  
Joyce G. Chery ◽  
Israel L. da Cunha Neto ◽  
Marcelo R. Pace ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez ◽  
Chelsea D. Specht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraint ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Cambial Variants

Abstract The liana genus Paullinia L. is one of the most speciose in the neotropics and is unusual in its diversity of stem macromorphologies and cambial conformations. These so-called “vascular cambial variants” are morphologically disparate, evolutionarily labile, and are implicated in injury repair and flexibility. In this study, we explore at the finer scale how wood anatomy translates into functions related to the climbing habit. We present the wood anatomy of Paullinia and discuss the functional implications of key anatomical features. Wood anatomy characters were surveyed for 21 Paullinia species through detailed anatomical study. Paullinia woods have dimorphic vessels, rays of two size classes, and both septate and non-septate fibers. Fibriform vessels, fusiform axial parenchyma, and elements morphologically intermediate between fibers and axial parenchyma were observed. Prismatic crystals are common in the axial and/or ray parenchyma, and laticifers are present in the cortex and/or the early-formed secondary phloem. Some features appear as unique to Paullinia or the Sapindaceae, such as the paucity of axial parenchyma and the abundance of starch storing fibers. Although many features are conserved across the genus, the Paullinia wood anatomy converges on several features of the liana-specific functional anatomy expressed across distantly related lianas, demonstrating an example of convergent evolution. Hence, the conservation of wood anatomy in Paullinia suggests a combination of phylogenetic constraint as a member of Sapindaceae and functional constraint from the liana habit.

Anatomy of Culcita macrocarpa

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Transverse Orientation ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Sieve Cells ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
First Time ◽  
Silica Crystals

The anatomy of Culcita macrocarpa Presl., the taxonomic position of which has been in dispute, is described in detail for the first time. The stem is solenostelic. Important diagnostic features are the presence of cubical cells with silica crystals in both cortex and pith, and a transverse orientation of some of the sieve cells. Each petiole has a U-shaped vascular bundle. Stomata are of the syndetocheilic type with one subsidiary cell. The indusium has abaxial and adaxial lips which are structurally dissimilar. Anatomical characteristics of the species justify its inclusion in the Cyatheaceae (sensu Holttum and Sen, 1961), and show close relationship with Thyrsopteris.

scholarly journals Morphology, palynology, and stipe anatomy of four common ferns from Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-336
Author(s):  
NERY SOFIYANTI ◽  
DYAH IRIANI ◽  
FITMAWATI FITMAWATI ◽  
AFNI ATIKA MARPAUNG
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Dicranopteris Linearis ◽  
Paraffin Method

Sofiyanti N, Iriani D, Fitmawati, Marpaung AA. 2019. Morphology, palynology, and stipe anatomy of four common ferns from Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 327-336. The fern explorations had been conducted in Pekanbaru, Riau Province from 2013 to 2017. The objectives of this study were to characterize the morphological characters, to examine the spore features and stipe anatomy characters of four common ferns from Pekanbaru. The specimens were collected from the fields using the exploration method from 21 study sites from 10 sub-districts. The spores were then observed using a digital microscope. A total of four fern species were known as the most common fern species in this region, i.e., Dicranopteris linearis, Stenochlaena palustris, Nephrolepis biserrata, and Davalia denticulata. This study examined the morphology, palynology and stipe anatomy of these four common ferns from Pekanbaru, Riau. The anatomical preparation was conducted using paraffin method while spore preparation using acetolysis method. We found dimorphic ferns (Stenochlaena palustris and Davallia denticulata) and monomorphic ferns (Dicranopteris linearis and Nephrolepis biserrata). The vascular bundle of stipes of four species examined is similar, i.e., amphicribral concentric, however, the vascular bundles within the species varies in size. We also observed similar type of stele, atactostele, among the species. The spore features found in this study were monolete and trilete with prolate and subprolate shape. The result of this study supports the anatomical data of the examined species.

scholarly journals Changes in Anatomical Features of Chromolaena Odorata during Phytoaccumulation of Heavy Metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
G.O. Omoregie ◽  
B. Ikhajiagbe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Control Experiment ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Plant Stem

The present study investigated the accumulation of selected HMs by Chromolaena odorata and the concomitant effects on leaf anatomical features. Top soils were collected from a marked plot and pooled together to obtain a composite sample. The soil was sun-dried to constant weight and measured into experimental pots at 20kg each). The pots were divided into 5 metal groups with 3 sub-groups each. Each group was polluted with Manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in their respective chloride forms. Concentrations of the metals in the soil were initially based on their respective ecological screening value/benchmark (ESV). The ESV values for the 5 HMs were 50, 4, 100, 50 and 50 mg/kg respectively. Within each group, the respective HMs was applied in 3 concentrations of 1ESV, 3ESV and 5ESV. The control experiment consisted of plants grown in soils with no exogenous application of the test metals. The experiment was triplicated. Twenty hours later, equal sized stem cuttings of C. odorata (2.0 – 2.3cm in thickness, 30 cm in length) were planted per experimental pot. Six months later, results showed significant accumulation of metals in plant stem, leaves, and most especially the root. Mn was the most accumulated HM in all plant parts (9.22 – 17.86 mg/kg), compared to Cd (0.85 – 1.66 mg/kg).Significant changes in folial anatomy were reported in HM-impacted plants compared to the control. There were more upper epidermal stomata (270 – 353 mm2) in Mn-exposed plants compared to the others. Increase in vascular bundle thickness (p<0.01) was reported in HM-exposed plants compared to control. Highly significant decrease in stem parenchyma thickness (p<0.01) never the less parenchyma thickness of HM-exposed plants ranged from 46.37 – 49.53 µm in Zn and Pb-exposed plants compared to 79.23 µm in the control.

scholarly journals Contribution to the identification of the species Myrcia hatschbachii D. Legrand (Myrtaceae): anatomical and histochemical analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e75
Author(s):  
Larissa Junqueira Gatto ◽  
Vanessa Barbosa Bobek ◽  
Jane Manfron Budel ◽  
Natasha Tiemi Fabri ◽  
Josiane De Fatima Gaspari Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Arc Shape ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Scanning Electron

The genus Myrcia is used in folk medicine to treat diabetes. The plants used in folk medicine require morphological and anatomical references to attest to its authenticity. This is the first report of the microscopic study of Myrcia hatschbachii. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to describe the anatomical characteristics, in order to contribute to the species' identification. For anatomical and surface analyses free-hand sections were prepared and observed using optical microscopy, simultaneously some materials were processed and observed under scanning electron microscopy. In addition, histochemical tests were performed. The anatomical features described here correspond with previously reported features found in other species of the genus Myrcia. Furthermore, the following anatomical markers were observed in Myrcia hatschbachii: druses in the spongy parenchyma, concave-convex midrib, heart-shaped petiole, oval-shaped stem, C-shaped vascular bundle in the midrib and open arc shape with invaginated ends in the petiole; phenolic compounds in the phloem and lignified cells in the pith. The results of anatomical and histochemical analyses provide micromorphological and microchemical features that can help in the taxonomy and proper identification of the species.

scholarly journals Morphological and Anatomical Studies of Hippocrepis L. Genus in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. YETISEN ◽  
C. ÖZDEMIR
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Anatomical Features

ABSTRACT: In this study, the morphological and anatomical features were investigated of three taxon of Hippocrepis L. species which spreading naturally in Turkey. In the morphological part of the study, H. unisiliquosa subsp. unisiliquosa’s stem is erect or decumbent. The species H. ciliata’s Willd. stem is erect. H. multisiliquosa’s L. stem is decumbent. The fruit of H. multisiliquosa is much more convoluted than the other two taxa. There are cilia on the fruit of H. ciliata, but there are not found any cilia the other two taxa. The stem anatomy of all the studied taxa is hexagonal. In the stem cross section of H. ciliata 12-14 vascular bundle are found, H. unisiliquosa subsp. unisiliquosa 12-15 and H. multisiliquosa 12-13. Leaf vascular bundles are arranged regularly, H. unisiliquosa subsp. unisiliquosa have 18-20, H. ciliata have 6-8, H. multisiliquosa have 9-13 vascular bundles.

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