scholarly journals Variability and relationship of six Indonesian shallots (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) cultivars based on amino acid profiles and fried shallot’s sensory characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Yofananda ◽  
Sobir Sobir ◽  
C. Hanny Wijaya ◽  
Hanifah Nuryani Lioe
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Amino Acids Profile ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract. Yofananda O, Sobir, Wijaya CH, Lioe HN. 2021. Variability and relationship of six Indonesian shallots (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) cultivars based on amino acid profiles and fried shallot’s sensory characteristics. Biodiversitas 22: 3327-3332. Shallot is an essential spice in the daily menu and processed food due to its unique flavor. Therefore information regarding the correlated compounds responsible for flavor in several cultivars of shallot will be important to elucidate. Since the amino acids profile is a key component of flavor character, this study aimed to determine the variability of amino acid profiles among six shallot cultivars related to fried shallot’s sensory characteristics. The six shallot cultivars were Bima Brebes, Bauji, Batu Ijo, Tajuk, Super Philip, and Rubaru. The shallot bulb was cultivated in the same area. The bulb size was analyzed using an analytical balance, the amino acids profile was analyzed using HPLC instrument, and sensory characteristics of fried shallots were analyzed using the rate-all-that-apply descriptive method. The result showed that the shallots contained a high content of glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid. Based on fresh weight, Batu Ijo was significantly different than the other cultivars which comprised Tajuk, Rubaru, Bauji, Super Philip and Bima Brebes. Clustering based on amino acid profiles of the fresh bulb, they were divided into three groups. The first group consisted only Bauji, and the second group consisted of Rubaru, Batu Ijo, Super Philip and Tajuk, the third group was only Bima Brebes. Based on the sensory characteristics of fried shallots, they were divided into three groups. The first group comprised of Bauji and Tajuk, the second group comprised of Rubaru alone, and the third group comprised of Batu Ijo, Super Philip, and Bima Brebes. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that L-phenylalanine, L-arginine, and glycine have a significant positive correlation with a sweet taste of fried shallot, indicated that amino acids profile is an important parameter for shallot flavor.

scholarly journals Changes in Amino Acid Profiles and Bioactive Compounds of Thai Silk Cocoons as Affected by Water Extraction

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Chuleeporn Bungthong ◽  
Sirithon Siriamornpun
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Silk Protein ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Silk Cocoon ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles

Silk proteins have many advantageous components including proteins and pigments. The proteins—sericin and fibroin—have been widely studied for medical applications due to their good physiochemical properties and biological activities. Various strains of cocoon display different compositions such as amino-acid profiles and levels of antioxidant activity. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to find a suitable silk protein extraction method to obtain products with chemical and biological properties suitable as functional foods in two strains of Bombyx mori silk cocoon (Nangsew strains; yellow cocoon) and Samia ricini silk cocoon (Eri strains; white cocoon) extracted by water at 100 °C for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. The results showed that Nangsew strains extracted for 6 h contained the highest amounts of protein, amino acids, total phenolics (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC), plus DPPH radical-scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), anti-glycation, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. The longer extraction time produced higher concentrations of amino acids, contributing to sweet and umami tastes in both silk strains. It seemed that the bitterness decreased as the extraction time increased, resulting in improvements in the sweetness and umami of silk-protein extracts.

scholarly journals Serum Amino Acid Profiles in Childhood Predict Triglyceride Level in Adulthood: A 7-Year Longitudinal Study in Girls

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 2047-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Wiklund ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Xiao Tan ◽  
Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi ◽  
Markku Alen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Triglyceride Level ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles

AbstractContext:Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids are associated with high risk of developing dyslipidemia and type II diabetes in adults.Objective:This study aimed to examine whether serum amino acid profiles associate with triglyceride concentrations during pubertal growth and predict hypertriglyceridemia in early adulthood.Design:This was a 7.5-year longitudinal study.Setting:The study was conducted at the Health Science Laboratory, University of Jyväskylä.Participants:A total of 396 nondiabetic Finnish girls aged 11.2 ± 0.8 years at the baseline participated in the study.Main Outcome Measures:Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and triglyceride by enzymatic photometric methods; and amino acids by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Results:Serum leucine and isoleucine correlated significantly with future triglyceride, independent of baseline triglyceride level (P < .05 for all). In early adulthood (at the age of 18 years), these amino acids were significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia, whereas fat mass and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were not. Leucine was the strongest determinant discriminating subjects with hypertriglyceridemia from those with normal triglyceride level (area under the curve, 0.822; 95% confidence interval, 0.740–0.903; P = .000001).Conclusions:Serum leucine and isoleucine were associated with future serum triglyceride levels in girls during pubertal growth and predicted hypertriglyceridemia in early adulthood. Therefore, these amino acid indices may serve as biomarkers to identify individuals at high risk for developing hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular disease later in life. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role these amino acids play in the lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Bernard-Soulier Syndrome Caused by a Dinucleotide Deletion and Reading Frameshift in the Region Encoding the Glycoprotein Ibα Transmembrane Domain

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 2634-2643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Afshar-Kharghan ◽  
José A. López
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Silent Mutation ◽  
Cell Surface Expression ◽  
Unaffected Individual ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bernard Soulier Syndrome

We investigated the molecular genetic and biosynthetic basis of Bernard-Soulier syndrome in a severely affected white woman. Flow cytometric analysis showed a severe deficiency of glycoprotein (GP) Ib, GP IX, and GP V on the surface of her platelets. Similarly, GP Ibα was undetectable by immunoblot analysis of platelet lysates. Surprisingly, a large quantity of a 70-kD protein (which probably represents a GP Ibα degradation product) was found in the patient's plasma in much greater quantities than in the plasma of an unaffected individual. To analyze the molecular lesion responsible for the disorder, we amplified and sequenced gene segments corresponding to the entire coding regions of the GP Ibα, GP Ibβ, and GP IX genes. The patient was homozygous for a specific GP Ibα allele that contained two tandem VNTR repeats in the region encoding the macroglycopeptide (C variant) and three differences from the published GP Ibα gene sequence. Two mutations were unlikely to be involved in the disorder: the substitution of a single base (T → C) in the second nucleotide of exon 2, which is in the 5′ untranslated region of the GP Ibα transcript, and a silent mutation in the third base of the codon for Arg342 (A → G) that does not change the amino acid sequence. The third mutation was a deletion of the last two bases of the codon for Tyr492 (TAT). This mutation causes a frameshift that alters the GP Ibα amino acid sequence, beginning within its transmembrane region. The mutant polypeptide contains 81 novel amino acids and is 38 amino acids shorter than its wild-type counterpart. The new sequence changes the hydrophobic nature of the transmembrane domain and greatly decreases the net positive charge of what had been the cytoplasmic domain. The deletion mutation was introduced into the GP Ibα cDNA, alone and in combination with the 5′ mutation, and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The deletion alone severely reduced GP Ibα expression on the cell surface. Expression was not decreased further by addition of the 5′ mutation, confirming that the deletion was the cause of the Bernard-Soulier phenotype. Stable cell lines expressing the mutant polypeptide secreted large amounts of the polypeptide into the medium, suggesting that the mutant anchors poorly in the plasma membrane. Nevertheless, a fraction of the mutant was able to associate with GP Ibβ, as demonstrated by their coimmunoprecipitation with a GP Ibβ antibody.

P–283 Combination between amino acids profile of the spent culture media and morphokinetics parameters of human embryos to determine its viability

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Adel ◽  
M Kadah ◽  
S Abdulghafar ◽  
M Elmahdy ◽  
D Ghareeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Group A ◽  
Amino Acids Profile ◽  
Group D

Abstract Study question How to determine human embryo viability noninvasively before embryo transfer? Summary answer We propose that the combination of the amino acid profile of an individual embryo with its morphokinetics will provide noninvasive tool to determine its viability. What is known already It was already known that human embryos at early cleavage require non-essential amino acids, while at the 8-cell to blastocyst stages, a mixture of non-essential and essential amino acids. Amino acids have important roles during embryo development. Acting as biosynthetic precursors,buffers of intracellular pH in the embryo, antioxidants, energy sources and regulators of metabolic function and signaling pathways. Many studies have used time-lapse to analyze human embryonic development including the process of fertilization and assessment of early events and introducednoninvasive prognostic markers which predict embryo development and correlate it to IVF treatment outcomes. Study design, size, duration This study was a prospective cohort study approved by the Clinical Trial Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University according to ethical standards of scientific research (Serial number: 0303721).Thirty females aged 30.13 ± 4.83 years undergoing ICSI cycle in the Madina Fertility Center, during the period of March 2018 to November 2019.202 MII oocytes were incubated individually in embryoscope. Participants/materials, setting, methods Embryos (n = 161) were divided on Day 5 into two groups –developed embryos “Group D” (embryos that developed to blastocyst) and arrested embryos “Group A” (embryos remain at cleavage stage and fail to develop to blastocys).Developed embryos (Group D) included 99 embryos, and Arrested embryos (Group A) included 62 embryos. For each group, morphokinetic developmental points using embryoscope and the different amino acids concentrations in spent culture medium were analyzed using LC- mass spectro etry. Main results and the role of chance On one hand, the first appearance of pronuclei (TPNa), t2, t4 and CC2 in group D occurred significantly earlier than those of Group A.Analysis of 19 essential and non-essential amino acids in spent culture medium of each embryo in the two studied groups D and A showed a significantly higher concentration of two essential amino acids L-Valine (145.73 ± 150.96) and L-Phenylalanine (61.59 ± 55.78) in Group D than their concentration in Group A ( 104.58 ± 33.58, 44.24 ± 14.61, respectively , p ≤ 0.05).and significantly lower concentration of three non-essential amino acids L-Tyrosine (62.56 ± 41.03) , L-Cysteine (19.48 ± 11.90), and L-Alanine (136.0 ± 389.83) observed in Group D when compared to Group A (69.57 ± 20.78, 22.37 ± 8.59,145.33 ± 165.22, respectively, Limitations, reasons for caution It is important to note, that results were developed on a data set from one clinic with different stimulation protocols, a multicenter data and a correlation with the stimulation protocol used should be involved in future studies, in addition a larger sample size to avoid high standard deviation is recommended Wider implications of the findings: We can conclude that amino acid turnover is independent of the traditional morphological assessment of embryos and it may reflect its viability. The prospective combined use of amino acids profile of individual embryo and its morphokinetic parameters may contribute to introduce a new noninvasivs tool that may improve implantation rate Trial registration number 0303721

scholarly journals 131 MODIFICATION OF AMINO ACID CONCENTRATIONS IN MEDIUM BY PIG EMBRYOS FROM THE ZYGOTE TO THE BLASTOCYST STAGE

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
P. Booth ◽  
T. Watson ◽  
H. Leese
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Morula Stage ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Pre-implantation embryos can produce and consume amino acids in a manner dependent upon stage of embryonic development (Partridge and Leese 1996 Reprod. Fert. Dev. 8, 945) that may also be predictive of subsequent viability (Houghton et al. 2002 Hum. Reprod. 17, 999). To examine these relationships in the pig, the appearance or depletion of 18 amino acids from a presumptive near-physiological mixture was determined by HPLC in porcine in vitro-produced embryos from the zygote to the blastocyst stage. Cumulus oocyte complexes derived from slaughterhouse prepubertal pig ovaries were matured for 40 h in modified TCM-199 before being fertilized (Day 0) with frozen thawed semen in tris-based medium. After 6 h, presumptive zygotes were denuded and cultured in groups of 20 in NCSU medium modified to contain a physiological mixture of 18 amino acids including 0.1 mM glutamine (NCSUaa). Groups of 2–10 embryos (dependent on stage) were removed on Day 0 (1 cell), Day 1 (2- and 4-cell), Day 4 (compact morula), and Day 6 (blastocyst) and placed in 4 μL NCSUaa for 24 h. After incubation, the embryos were removed and the medium analyzed by HPLC. Each stage was replicated 3–9 times. Since amino acid profiles of 2- and 4-cell embryos were not different, data were combined. Overall, arginine (1.19 ± 0.33), glutamine (0.78 ± 0.34) and threonine (0.05 ± 0.04) were significantly (P < 0.01) depleted from the medium whereas alanine (0.21 ± 0.1), glycine (0.20 ± 0.06), asparagine (0.13 ± 0.5), lysine (0.1 ± 0.03), isoleucine (0.08 ± 0.01), valine (0.05 ± 0.01), leucine (0.04 ± 0.02), phenylalanine (0.03 ± 0.01), and histidine (0.02 ± 0.04) significantly (P < 0.05) accumulated (mean of the 4 sampling timepoints; all values pmol/embryo/h ± SEM). The difference between amino acid accumulation and depletion (balance) was approximately equivalent between Day 0 and the morula stage although turnover (sum of depletion and accumulation) steadily decreased during this period from 3.1 on Day 0 to 1.35 pmol/embryo/h at the morula stage. However, at the blastocyst stage, turnover and balance increased to 6.32 and 2.42 pmol/embryo/h, respectively, i.e. net appearance occurred. Notable changes in amino acid profile during development included decreases in accumulation of asparagine, glutamate, and glycine in the medium and the depletion of glutamine over Days 0, 1, and 4, followed by reversal of these trends by Day 6. These data suggest that pig embryos can alter the accumulation and depletion rates of amino acids in a manner that is dependent on the specific amino acid and the stage of embryonic development. This work was supported by BBSRC.

Dissociation between plasma and brain amino acid profiles and short-term food intake in the rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (5) ◽  
pp. R1675-R1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Anderson ◽  
E. T. Li ◽  
S. P. Anthony ◽  
L. T. Ng ◽  
R. Bialik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Total Mixture ◽  
Brain Amino Acid

The relationship between plasma and brain amino acids and short-term food intake after administration of albumin, or its constituent amino acids, was examined. Rats given protein (0.85 g chicken egg albumin) or an amino acid mixture patterned after egg albumin reduced their food intake during 1 h of feeding beginning 30 min after gavage. Similarly, when given separately, the essential (EAA) and nonessential amino acid (NEAA) fractions of egg albumin caused comparable decreases in food intake. As the dose increased from 0.5 to 1.5 g the duration of anorexia prolonged to 12 h. Little change occurred in plasma amino acids at 30 and 60 min after albumin at 0.85 g, although many increased by 25-50% at 60 min after 1.5 g. Marked changes in plasma occurred after gavage with the total mixture of constituent free amino acids and after either EAA or NEAA fractions. Brain amino acid concentrations were little affected by albumin and did not show consistent changes after the amino acid treatments. Thus the reductions in food intake after ingestion of albumin or of its constituent amino acids were not predicted from the resulting changes in either plasma or brain concentrations of amino acids.

scholarly journals Protein content and amino acids profile in 10 cultivars of ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba L.) nut from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyi Zhou ◽  
Tongtong Hua ◽  
Xiaofang Ma ◽  
Haijun Sun ◽  
Li Xu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acids Profile

As a traditional food and medicine source, ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba L.) nut is popularly consumed in East Asia. The aim of this work is to characterize protein content and amino acids profile in 10 ginkgo nut cultivars, named successively as no. 1 to no. 10. There were observed differences among the cultivars with respect to the contents of protein and amino acids, except Cys. The no. 6 cultivar presented the highest protein content (22.1 g/100 g DW), while the no. 9 had the lowest (16.2 g/100 g DW). The contents of EAA and NEAA were revealed to vary in the range of 14.3–26.2 and 21.4–41.1 g/100 g protein, respectively. The most abundant EAA was Leu, and the first limiting amino acid was Lys. The level of Arg was attractive, especially in the no. 5 cultivar (1741 mg/100 g DW) where it is comparable to hazelnut and pistachio. As confirmed by AAS and EAAI, the no. 5 cultivar presented the best amino acids profile and protein quality among these cultivars. These results have relevance to the scientific development and application of ginkgo nuts in the food industry.

scholarly journals Minireview: Nutrient Sensing by G Protein-Coupled Receptors

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1188-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Wauson ◽  
Andrés Lorente-Rodríguez ◽  
Melanie H. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Amino Acid Availability ◽  
Class C ◽  
G Protein Coupled

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that recognize molecules in the extracellular milieu and transmit signals inside cells to regulate their behaviors. Ligands for many GPCRs are hormones or neurotransmitters that direct coordinated, stereotyped adaptive responses. Ligands for other GPCRs provide information to cells about the extracellular environment. Such information facilitates context-specific decision making that may be cell autonomous. Among ligands that are important for cellular decisions are amino acids, required for continued protein synthesis, as metabolic starting materials and energy sources. Amino acids are detected by a number of class C GPCRs. One cluster of amino acid-sensing class C GPCRs includes umami and sweet taste receptors, GPRC6A, and the calcium-sensing receptor. We have recently found that the umami taste receptor heterodimer T1R1/T1R3 is a sensor of amino acid availability that regulates the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin. This review focuses on an array of findings on sensing amino acids and sweet molecules outside of neurons by this cluster of class C GPCRs and some of the physiologic processes regulated by them.

scholarly journals Bolus ingestion of individual branched-chain amino acids alters plasma amino acid profiles in young healthy men

SpringerPlus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Matsumoto ◽  
Koichi Nakamura ◽  
Hideki Matsumoto ◽  
Ryosei Sakai ◽  
Tomomi Kuwahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals Free Amino Acid Profiles of Macedonian White Brined Cheese

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2989-2992
Author(s):  
Borche Makarijoski ◽  
Gordana Dimitrovska ◽  
Vesna K. Hristova ◽  
Elena Joshevska ◽  
Mahmoud A. Abdelaziz Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Amino Acid Concentration ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Parameter Values

The present work is focussed to determine the Macedonian white brined cheese’s free amino acid profile. Four variants of the Macedonian white brined cheese to analyze and determine free amino acid concentration; cheese samples define the Macedonian white brined cheese as a typical cheese. All free amino acids were specified, except the amino acid tyrosine. The detected amino acids in the tested cheese variants were present in different but approximate parameter values. The estimated essential free amino acids, the concentration of lysine was found highest in all examined samples with values from 26.40 ± 0.02 mg% to 28.20 ± 0.04 mg% and the concentration of threonine was the lowest from 3.19 ± 0.02 mg% to 3.32 ± 0.02 mg%). In the detected unessential free amino acids, the concentration of aspartic amino acid was highest in all the samples with values from 11.02 ± 0.05 mg% to 11.32 ± 0.03 mg% and the concentration of proline was at the lowest level from 4.16 ± 0.06 mg% to 4.22 ± 0.04 mg%.

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