scholarly journals Nitrogen, phosphorus, water and sediment losses under sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea l.) cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 420-428
Author(s):  
Paulo Alexandre Silva ◽  
Ludhanna Marinho Veras ◽  
Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra ◽  
Katharine Viana Batista ◽  
Maria Elisa Vicentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Rotation Technique

Sertãozinho-SP is a major world producer of sugarcane and peanuts. The crop rotation technique recovers soils and brings commercial benefits to producers. Objective: to determine the losses of water, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sediments, due to the use and occupation of the soil in the peanut and sugarcane crop, using the SWAT model, maintaining the topographic and physical attributes and climatic conditions of the Mogi-Guaçu River sub-watershed, in the Sertãozinho city – SP. To carry out this study, local data from digital elevation maps and soil pedological maps, precipitation, wind, solar radiation, and relative humidity were used. The actual accumulated evapotranspiration was higher in sugarcane (906.7 mm) when compared to peanuts (886.1 mm). Sediment losses were higher in peanuts (300.66 mm) when compared to sugarcane (280.69 mm), as well as losses of N (118.44 and 34.48 kg ha-1) and P (5.456 and 0.805 kg ha-1), respectively. It is concluded that the peanut crop showed the greatest losses of water, nutrients, and sediments, when compared to sugarcane, showing that the land cover directly influenced these losses. Studies like these can aid in decision-making about environmental policies, helping with soil and water conservation in Brazilian sub-watershed.

scholarly journals Physical Attributes of Ferralsol in Fertigated Sugarcane Production Environments for Bioethanol in the Midwest of Brazil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1641
Author(s):  
Otavio Silveira Gravina ◽  
Glenio Guimarães Santos ◽  
Vladia Correchel ◽  
Gustavo Cassiano da Silva ◽  
Lucas de Castro Medrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
Soil Constituents ◽  
Main Producer

Brazil is the world leader in the production and export of sugarcane derivatives, and its center-south region is the main producer. Fertigation with byproducts from bioethanol production can be adopted as a strategy to mitigate the soil physical deterioration resulting from the intensification of mechanized farming practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of soil physical attributes under sugarcane cultivation in different crop cycles in fertigated areas in the midwest region of Brazil. The samples were collected in different Ferralsol layers (0.0–0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, and 0.4–0.5 m) and fertigated crop cycles (first, third, fifth, seventh, and twelfth sugarcane cycles), as well as from native Cerrado vegetation (reference area), and the weight and volume relationships of the soil constituents and total soil were evaluated. Soil physical attributes are affected by sugarcane cultivation cycles and fertigation with vinasse. In the short term (third cycle), the results indicate deterioration of the physical attributes of the soil. However, throughout the cycles of sugarcane culture via fertigation (twelve cycles), the addition of vinasse leads to improvements in physical attributes and soil aggregation, promoting an increase in the longevity of the sugarcane crop. Therefore, the evaluation of the physical attributes of the soil in areas with vinasse application in different sugarcane cultivation cycles should be analyzed in areas of different regions, as this management practice indicates a high potential to increase the longevity of cultivation sugarcane, reducing production costs in the bioenergy sector.

scholarly journals Status of Major Glaciers of Hunza River Basin, Under Changing Climatic Conditions of Pakistan Over the Period of (1990-2018)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Garee Khan ◽  
Wajid Hassan ◽  
Javed Akhter Qureshi ◽  
Iram Bano
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Hunza River

Abstract Ice masses and snow of Hunza River Basin (HRB) are an important primary source of fresh water and lifeline for downstream inhabitants. Changing climatic conditions seriously put an impact on these available ice and snow masses. These glaciers may affect downstream population by glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF) and surge events due to climatic variation. So, monitoring of these glaciers and available ice masses are important. This research delivers an approach for selected glaciers of the Hunza river basin. An attempt is made in this study using Landsat (OLI, ETM, ETM+, TM), digital elevation model (DEM), Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing techniques (RS&GIS) techniques. We delineated 27 glaciers within HRB from the period of 1990-2018. These glaciers' total area is about 2589.75 ±86km 2 in 1990 and about 2565.12 ±68km 2 in 2018. Our results revealed that from 2009 to 2015, glacier coverage of HRB advanced with a mean annual advance rate of 2.22±0.1 km 2 a -1 . Conversely, from 1994 to 1999, the strongest reduction in glacier area with a mean rate of - 3.126±0.3km 2 a -1 is recorded. The glaciers of HRB are relatively stable compared to Hindukush, Himalayan and Tibetan Plateau (TP) region of the world. The steep slope glacier's retreat rate is more than that of gentle slope glaciers, and the glaciers below elevation of 5000 m above sea level change significantly. Based on climate data from 1995-2018, HRB shows a decreasing trend in temperature and increasing precipitation. The glacier area's overall retreat is due to an increase in summer temperature while the glacier advancement is induced possibly by winter and autumn precipitation.

scholarly journals Applicability and Hydrologic Substitutability of TMPA Satellite Precipitation Product in the Feilaixia Catchment, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Chen ◽  
Guoru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Satellite Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Analysis ◽  
Water Assessment

The assessment of various precipitation products’ performances in extreme climatic conditions has become a topic of interest. However, little attention has been paid to the hydrological substitutability of these products. The objective of this study is to explore the performance of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) product in the Feilaixia catchment, China. To assess its applicability in extreme consecutive climates, several statistical indices are adopted to evaluate the TMPA performance both qualitatively and quantitatively. The Cox–Stuart test is used to investigate extreme climate trends. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is used to test the TMPA hydrological substitutability via three scenarios of runoff simulation. The results demonstrate that the overall TMPA performance is acceptable, except at high-latitudes and locations where the terrain changes greatly. Moreover, the accuracy of the SWAT model is high both in the semi-substitution and full-substitution scenarios. Based on the results, the TMPA product is a useful substitute for the gauged precipitation in obtaining acceptable hydrologic process information in areas where gauged sites are sparse or non-existent. The TMPA product is satisfactory in predicting the runoff process. Overall, it must be used with caution, especially at high latitudes and altitudes.

scholarly journals Supplementing Nitrogen in Combination with Rhizobium Inoculation and Soil Mulch in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Production System: Part II. Effect on Phenology, Growth, Yield Attributes, Pod Quality, Profitability and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Sukamal Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Use Efficiency

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is adorned as the one of the important sources of vegetable oil, protein, vitamins and several minerals, which could mitigate the nutritional gap worldwide. However, peanut cultivation in winter suffers from low temperature stress and knowledge lacuna regarding the optimum dose nitrogen. Therefore, the present investigations were carried out during the winter seasons 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 at the district seed farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, an agricultural university in West Bengal, India (23°26’ N, 88°22´ E, elevation 12 m above mean sea level) to facilitate the comprehensive study of plant growth, productivity and profitability of an irrigated peanut crop under varied levels of nitrogen: with and without a rhizobium inoculants and with and without polythene mulch. Quality traits and nutrient dynamics were also itemized. Fertilizing with 100% of the recommended dose of nitrogen combined with rhizobium inoculant and polythene mulch significantly enhanced peanut plant growth, yield and yield-attributing traits, while resulting in the maximum fertilizer (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) uptake by different plant parts. The greatest number of root nodules occurred in the treatment that received 75% of the recommended dose of nitrogen with rhizobium supplementation under polythene mulch, while 50% of the recommended dose of nitrogen with no rhizobium resulted in maximum fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency. Applying the full recommended dose of nitrogen with the rhizobium inoculants and mulch resulted in maximum profitability in the peanut crop.

Impact of landscape pattern change on runoff processes in catchment area of the Ulungur River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1046-1058
Author(s):  
Fan Gao ◽  
Bing He ◽  
Songsong Xue ◽  
Yizhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Monthly Runoff ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, the monthly runoff processes of two land-use types in 2000 and 2015 were simulated in this paper. The relationship between runoff and landscape pattern was analyzed, and the spatial correlation between runoff and landscape pattern analyzed using the geographic weighted regression model combined with the change of landscape pattern in the study area from 2000 to 2015. The results show the following. (1) The SWAT model can simulate the monthly runoff processes in the catchment area of the Ulungur River Basin (URB) under different land-use types for 2000 and 2015, but the simulation effect in 2000 was found to be better than that in 2015. (2) From 2000 to 2015, the area of woodland and grassland decreased. Runoff was positively correlated with woodland, grassland, largest patch index, mean patch area (AREA_MN), and contagion index, and negatively correlated with others. This indicates that the landscape fragmentation of URB was aggravated in 2000–2015, the landscape balance was destroyed, and the ability of rainfall interception and water conservation was weakened. (3) Landscape pattern indicators of grassland had a negative spatial impact on URB runoff, and the northern region of URB was more severely affected in 2015 than in 2000. AREA_MN landscape pattern index had a positive impact on runoff in the northern part of URB, and the positive impact in northern URB in 2000 was better than that in 2015.

scholarly journals Model of Soil and Water Conservation Measures Application based on District Spatial Planning in Mamasa Watershed, South Sulawesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Sri Malahayati Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Management ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Scenarios Simulation

Depletion of watershed carrying capacity cannot be omitted from mismanagement of the watershed. The integration between SWAT model and remote sensing data are able to identify, assess, and evaluate watershed problem as well as a tool to apply the mitigation of the problem. The aim of this study was to arrange the scenario of watershed management, and decide the best recommendation of sustainable watershed management of Mamasa Sub Watershed. The best recommendation was decided by hydrology parameters, e.i. surface runoff, sediment, and runoff coefficient. Hydrology characteristics of Mamasa Sub Watershed was analyzed based on land use data of year 2012 and climate data for period of 2010-2012. The scenarios were  application of bunch and mulch in slope 1-15%; bunch terrace (scenario 1), mulch and strip grass in slope 15-25% (scenario 2), alley cropping in slope 25-40% (scenario 3), and combination scenario 1, 2, 3 with agroforestry in slope > 40% (scenario4). Surface runoff value of Mamasa Sub Watershed is 581.35 mm, while lateral flow, groundwater flow, runoff coefficient, and sediment yield of 640.72 mm, 228.17 mm, 0.29, and 187.213 ton/ha respectively. Based on the scenarios simulation, the fourth scenario was able to reduce surface runoff and sediment yield of 33.441% and of 51.213%, while the runoff coefficient declined to 0.194. Thereby, the fourth scenario is recommended to be applied in Mamasa Sub Watershed so that the sustainability in the watershed can be achieved.

The Impacts of Different Land Use Patterns on Water Volume in the Xixian Watershed, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 728-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Han ◽  
Tao Cai
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Huaihe River Basin ◽  
Huaihe River ◽  
Soil And Water

In this study, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate land-use change effects on water quantity in the upper Huaihe river basin above the Xixian hydrological controlling station with a catchment area of 10,190 km2 by the use of three-phase (1980s、1990s、2000s) land-use maps, soil type map (1:200000), 1980 to 2008 daily time series of rainfall from the upper Huaihe river basin. On the basis of the simulated time series of daily runoff, land-use change effects on spatio-temporal change patterns of runoff coefficients and runoff modules were investigated. The results revealed that under the same condition of soil texture and terrain slope the advantage for runoff generation and the sensitivity of rainfall-runoff relationship to rainfall descended by farmland, paddy field, woodland.The outputs could provide important references for soil and water conservation and river health protection in the upper stream of Huaihe river.

scholarly journals Sensitivity analysis of the DEM resolution and effective parameters of runoff yield in the SWAT model: a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian ◽  
Masoud Taheriyoun ◽  
Moses Karakouzian
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reduce Computation Time

Abstract This study investigates the impact of different digital elevation model (DEM) resolutions on the topological attributes and simulated runoff, as well as the sensitivity of runoff parameters in the Mahabad Dam watershed in Iran. The watershed and streamlines were delineated in ArcGIS, and the hydrologic analyses were performed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The sensitivity analysis on runoff parameters was performed, using the Sequential Uncertainties FItting Ver. 2 algorithm, in the SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Procedures (SWAT-CUP) program. The results indicated that the sensitivity of runoff parameters, watershed surface area, and elevations changed under different DEM resolutions. As the distribution of slopes changed using different DEMs, surface parameters were most affected. Furthermore, higher amounts of runoff were generated when DEMs with finer resolutions were implemented. In comparison with the observed value of 8 m3/s at the watershed outlet, the 12.5 m DEM showed more realistic results (6.77 m3/s). Comparatively, the 12.5 m DEM generated 0.74% and 2.73% more runoff compared with the 30 and 90 m DEMs, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that in order to reduce computation time, researchers may use DEMs with coarser resolutions at the expense of minor decreases in accuracy.

Soil Erosion Research Based on RS and USLE in Great Khinggan

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2799-2803
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Wen Yi Fan ◽  
Xue Gang Mao ◽  
Lin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Erosion Area ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Cell Data

Uses 2011 years TM/ETM images classification were land uses/cover type figure, combination Great Khinggan area digital elevation model (DEM), and soil type distribution figure and research regional rainfall information, we got all factors values of space distribution in the USLE model, got soil erosion volume estimates data and soil erosion strength distribution figure based on grid cell data. Result indicate that the micro-absolute percentage of erosion throughout the study area, with increasing slope, area of erosion and erosion gradually reduce trend increases with the elevation increases, reduced erosion area after, generally good soil and water conservation in the region.

scholarly journals On the Horizontal Scale of Elevation Dependence of Australian Monthly Precipitation

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1850-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. Sharples ◽  
Michael F. Hutchinson ◽  
Damian R. Jellett
Keyword(s):  
Smoothing Splines ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
Thin Plate Smoothing Splines ◽  
Local Averages ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Determination of the scale of the interaction between precipitation and topography is important for the accurate interpolation of rainfall in mountainous areas and also provides insight into the physical processes involved. In this paper, trivariate thin-plate smoothing splines are used to investigate the scale of interaction between monthly precipitation and topography by interpolating monthly rainfall over three subregions of the Australian continent, incorporating different climatic conditions and rainfall types. The interpolations are based upon elevations derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) of various resolutions. All of the DEMs are local averages of version 2.0 of the 9-s-resolution DEM of Australia. The results suggest that the optimal scale of the interaction between precipitation and topography, as it pertains to the elevation-dependent interpolation of monthly precipitation in Australia, is between 5 and 10 km. This is in agreement with results of similar studies that addressed daily precipitation over Switzerland.

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