scholarly journals Rökræða, þátttaka og þekking

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Birgir Hermannsson

In this article I will analyze the democratic theories of Vilhjálmur Árnason, Gunnar Helgi Kristinsson and Jón Ólafsson, compare them with each other and with theories which emphasize general elections as the only democratic method. The aim of deliberative democracy is consensus built on reason, the aim of a reformed executive branch is a better quality of government and professional policy making, and the aim of epistemic democracy is to use the knowledge found among the general public to formulate the right policy or at least a better one. The models of democracy used by Vilhjálmur Árnason to analyze Icelandic democracy receive critical attention and his account of deliberative democracy is placed within a more general academic discourse on deliberative democracy. His conception of deliberative democracy is criticized for being too narrow and institutional. Vilhjálmur Árnason and Jón Ólafsson need to clarify the relationship between deliberative democracy and epistemic democracy and elections. Vilhjálmur Árnason, Gunnar Helgi Kristinsson and Jón Ólafsson are all criticized for placing excessive emphasis on reason and knowledge in relation to democracy and too little emphasis on democracy as a venue for contested opinions.

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Peshraw A. Mohammed Ameen

Power is the legitimate use of force in a socially acceptable manner, the legitimate force exercised by a person or group over others. The element of legitimacy is an important element of the idea of ​​power, which is the primary means by which power distinguishes itself from other, more general concepts of force. Force can be imposed forcibly or violently. On the other hand, the Authority relies on the acceptance of the subordinates, granting the right to those above them to issue orders or directives. the relationship of psychology and political power is a strong relationship, and through the study of the psychology of the masses and rulers in any state or region can be interpreted and predict the behavior of power and the masses in this country, and the subject of authority in the Kurdistan region as a subject directly related to the subject of psychology of power and the quality of this authority in this region is a place Controversy for everyone who monitors and deals with this power, so determine the quality of power and how to conduct it through the study of the psychology of power, according to current reality and one of the most important jobs for researchers in the Kurdistan Region so we know the quality of political authority in this region, so we try in this modest research to determine the quality and type of power in the Kurdistan Region through the analysis of the psychology of power in Kurdistan region.


Author(s):  
Samuel Aloysius Ekanem ◽  
Peter Bisong Bisong

Education is a very important variable of economic growth and development. It could be said that the rate of growth of an economy is directly proportional to the quality of education meted on the populace. This is the reason every society strives to educate its citizens. However, Nigeria remains backward in terms of education delivery. There are millions of unemployable graduates rooming her streets searching for jobs. Though many reasons could be pointed as the cause of this, this work beams its searchlight on policymaking and implementation. It argues that if the right policies are made and dutifully implemented, the quality of education would improve. Using the tool of Feyerabend’s anarchism, the work analysed the Nigerian Policy of education, pointing at areas of weaknesses and recommending action points for government and policymakers. It concludes that if Feyerabend’s anarchism is made to guide policy-making in Nigeria, educational progress would ensue.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Selen A. Ercan

Deliberative democracy is a growing branch of democratic theory. It suggests understanding and assessing democracy in terms of the quality of communication among citizens, politicians, as well as between citizens and politicians. In this interview, drawing on his extensive research on deliberative practice within and beyond parliaments, André Bächtiger reflects on the development of the field over the last two decades, the relationship between normative theory and empirical research, and the prospects for practicing deliberation in populist times.


2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohana Handaningrum ◽  
Rr. Amanda Pasca Rini

Abstract. This study aims to determine the relationship of perception of the quality of candidates and political trust with political participation. The population in this study were students at the University August 17, 1945 Surabaya who already have the right to vote or voting rights (age> 17 years or married). While the sample in this study was 150 students, with incidental sampling method. The results of this study were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and resulted in: 1) The relationship between perceptions of quality candidates (candidates) and political beliefs (political trust) with political participation, the value of F = 1.056 with a significance level of 0.351> 0.05. It can be concluded that this hypothesis is rejected or not proven, that means there is no significant relationship between perceptions of quality candidates (candidates) and political beliefs (Political Trust) with Political Participation. 2) partial test results perceptions of the quality of candidates (X1) with political participation, the value of t = 0.297 and 0.767 significance level> 0.05. This suggests that partial perception of the quality factor candidates (candidates) (X1), there was no significant relationship to political participation (Y). It can be concluded that this hypothesis is not proven or rejected. 3) The results of the partial test of political beliefs (political trust) (X2) with political participation, the value of t = -1.424 and a significance level of 0.157> 0.05. This suggests that partial political trust factor (X2) there is no significant relationship to political participation (Y). value of R Square (R2) of 0.14. R Square value of 0.14 indicates the percentage contribution of the effect of independent variables (perception of the quality of candidates and political beliefs) on the dependent variable (political participation) only by 1.4%, while the remaining 98.6% is influenced by other variables not variables included in the study. Keywords : Perception of the quality of candidates, Political trust, Political participation.


2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Gensabella Furnari

L’impostazione classica della questione bioetica dell’eutanasia attraverso il paradigma dei principi conduce a risolvere la questione con un sì, se si privilegia il principio di autonomia, o con un no se si dà il primato al principio dell’indisponibilità della vita. Il saggio muove dalla proposta che sia possibile un altro approccio, basato sull’interazione, suggerita come linea metodica da Warren T. Reich, del paradigma dei principi con gli altri paradigmi della bioetica: l’esperienza, la cura, la virtù. Il primo momento è ripensare l’eutanasia come l’oggetto di una domanda che viene dalla sofferenza e che, come tale, va accolta ed interpretata in un contesto di relazione. A differenza del suicidio, non vi è qui un darsi la morte, ma un domandare la morte all’altro. L’attenzione etica va spostata dal far centro esclusivamente sull’autonomia al focalizzarsi anche e soprattutto sulla relazione, in particolare sulla complessità e le contraddizioni che segnano oggi la relazione tra il paziente e il medico. Anche se chiede una “cura” limite, paradossale che non può essere data, pena la contraddizione e il ribaltamento degli stessi fini della medicina, la domanda di eutanasia non può restare inevasa, ma deve essere accolta, ri-aperta con l’attenzione che il paradigma di cura impone, con l’humanitas che il paradigma di virtù ci consegna. L’attenzione etica all’esperienza di chi domanda la morte diviene il primo momento per trovare una conciliazione tra momenti apparentemente antitetici, come la sacralità e la qualità della vita, per cogliere la complementarità tra diritti apparentemente antitetici come il diritto ad essere lasciati soli e il diritto a non essere lasciati soli, per sostenere insieme la liberazione dal dolore fisico e la liberazione del dolore dell’anima. Spostando il punto di vista dalla libertà alla relazione, il saggio vuole indicare l’impossibilità etica di dire di sì all’eutanasia proprio sul versante della relazione, ponendo al tempo stesso l’accento non solo sulla responsabilità che il dire di sì comporta, ma anche sulle altre responsabilità di cui la domanda di eutanasia ci fa carico: le responsabilità che riguardano la situazione da cui trae origine, e le altre che riguardano ciò che rimane da fare per rispondere alla richiesta di aiuto e di cura che la domanda sottende. Con il movimento proprio dell’etica della cura, il saggio vuole proporre di non risolvere il dilemma in cui la questione bioetica dell’eutanasia sembra costringerci, rinunciando alla vita o alla libertà, ma di provare a ridefinire il contesto da cui il dilemma ha origine, in modo tale che sia possibile tenere insieme vita e libertà. ---------- Classical approach to the problem of the euthanasia, through the paradigm of the principles conducts to solve the matter with a yes, if the principle of autonomy is privileged, or with a no if the primacy is given to the principle of the unavailability of the life. This paper moves from the proposal that another approach is possible, based on the interaction, suggested as methodic line by Warren T. Reich, of the paradigm of the principles with the other paradigms of the bioethics: the experience, the care, the virtue. The first moment is to consider the euthanasia as the object of a question that comes from the suffering and that, as such, it must be welcomed and interpreted in a context of relationship. Unlike the suicide there is not here a killing oneself, but an asking other for death. The ethical attention must be moved from the exclusive center of autonomy to the relationship, particularly on the complexity and the contradictions that mark the physician-patient relationship between today. Even if it asks a limit “care”, paradoxical that cannot be given, or the aims of the medicine itself would be contradicted and overturned, the question of euthanasia cannot stay outstanding, but must be welcomed, opened again with the attention that the paradigm of care imposes, with the humanitas that the paradigm of virtue delivers us. The ethical attention to the experience of whom asks the death it becomes the first moment to find a conciliation among apparently antithetical moments, as the sacredness and the quality of the life, to gather the complementarity among apparently antithetical rights as the right to be left alone and the right not to be left alone, to sustain together the liberation from the physical pain and the liberation from the pain of the soul. Moving the point of view from freedom to relationship the paper wants to point out the ethical impossibility to say yes to the euthanasia just on the side of the relationship, at the same time setting the accent not only on the responsibility that saying yes means, but also on the other responsibilities of which the question of euthanasia ask us: the responsibilities derived by the situation and the others concerning what to answer to the help request and care that the question subtends. In the way proper of the ethics of the care, the paper proposes not to solve the dilemma of the euthanasia abdicating to the life or to the liberty, but trying to redefine the context from which the dilemma has origin, in such way that it is possible to hold together life and liberty.


1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2

It is important to take medicines in the right dose, at the right times, by the right route and in the right way (e.g. with food), and doctors and pharmacists should be able to give the clear advice which patients need. It is the quality of the relationship between the patient and the doctor and pharmacist, including mutual respect and understanding, that will help the patient to follow the recommendations. The term ‘compliance’ is used to describe how well the patient does this, but it is an authoritarian word which denies the patient’s autonomy. Treatment is an activity shared by doctor and patient in which both parties should ‘comply’ with the needs of the other. In this article we therefore use ‘compliance’ only as a technical term.


Author(s):  
Nicole Curato ◽  
Jürg Steiner

This chapter provides an overview of the relationship between the normative theory and empirical research on deliberative democracy and comparative studies of democratization. We begin the chapter by making a case for the role of deliberation in democratic transitions. We provide case studies on each of the roles we identify to illustrate how precisely deliberation unfolds amidst sensitive political contexts. We then chart directions for deliberative democratic scholarship to deepen its engagement with democratization studies. We first focus on how deliberative democracy can speak to current indices that measure the quality of democracy, and then propose ways in which the literature on deliberative systems and sequences can further contribute to challenging our assumptions about what counts as “good” democratic transition.


2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carli Friedman

The United Nations exclaims "all human beings have the right to be treated with dignity and respect" (Annan, 2005, p. 34). Yet, disabled people have long been denied respect in the United States and have been subjected to disability oppression and ableism. For these reasons, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between respect and disability, particularly respect's impact on the quality of life of disabled people. We had two research questions: (1.) what factors predict disabled people being respected? and, (2.) how does being respected impact the quality of life of disabled people? To explore these questions, we used secondary Personal Outcome Measures® data from approximately 1,500 disabled people; we analyzed this data to examine relationships between disabled people's interpretations of feeling and being respected, and their quality of life. Our findings revealed being respected had a significant impact on every area of ones' quality of life. Problematically, this also included areas which should be considered non-negotiable fundamental human and civil rights, that should not depend on if, and how, people respect disabled people. While the attitudes underlying the disrespect of disabled people are harmful and problematic, human and civil rights should be inalienable – ones' access to exercise their rights, to safety, to health, and to many other domains should not depend on others' attitudes about, and treatment toward, you.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.26) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
K David ◽  
R Anand

You cannot control what you can’t measure - Tom DeMarco -Metrics plays a critical role in any industry. The metrics can tell the senior management the health of the activity in that organization. In the paper, we have studied the relationship between the metrics and the quality of deliverables. Once the right metrics are identified for a particular phasein the life cycle model it will help the project manager to proactive-ly detect the issues earlier and arrest the defects. This can help the project teams to deliver the product on time without defects. There by the cost of the projects can be reduced which in turn will have high customer satisfaction.  


Sinappsi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Gabriella Berloffa ◽  
Alina Şandor ◽  
Mark Smith ◽  
Paola Villa

The Great Recession had profound consequences for the quantity and quality of work for young people in European countries. Usual labour market indicators capture only some crisis effects, highlighting the need for a more dynamic and nuanced approach. As a result, this paper adopts an innovative approach to both the analysis of the integration of young adults (aged 17-34) on to the labour market and the study of the relationship between the labour market performance and policy making. La Grande Recessione generò un forte impatto sulla quantità e la qualità del lavoro dei giovani adulti nei paesi dell’Europa. Gli indicatori convenzionali del mercato del lavoro catturano solo alcuni degli effetti prodotti dalla crisi, sollecitando un approccio dinamico più variegato. Su questa strada si muove l’articolo, adottando un approccio innovativo sia all’analisi dell’integrazione dei giovani adulti (17-34 anni) nel mercato del lavoro sia allo studio della relazione tra le condizioni occupazionali e l’attività di riforma delle politiche del lavoro.


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