A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF RELIGION AS A TOOL FOR VIOLENCE BY STATE AND NON-STATE ACTORS

There's no gainsaying that the negative dimensions and the influence of various religions on humanity today is worrisome because most religions if not all, preaches peace, Justice and Equality, yet, same religions are used to fan embers of disunity amongst the people of our world. As seen in the various extremist attacks going on in our contemporary societies. Looking at the rise of various religious sects against one another and the society in general, some disturbing questions come to mind; ''What is the very essence of religion? If religion preaches peace, what then, is the interplay between religion and violence? In an attempt to answer these questions, hence the birth of this research. The research uncovered that the very foundations in which most religions for example Islam and Christianity was built have been perverted over time due to human selfish desires. The research however recommends that there's a need for all State and Non-state Actors to properly trace back to the very essence and foundations on which each religion was built to enhance the culture of religious tolerance amongst various religious sects.

THE EMERGING ROLE(S) OF LAW IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE IN NIGERIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

<span lang="EN-GB">There is no gainsaying the fact that the ICPD Call for Action Programme and the Beijing Conference has had pivotal roles in the evolution and growth of Reproductive Health Laws. These reproductive health laws in turn have served as a means of resolution to Reproductive health issues which include but are not limited to issues such as early and under-aged marriage, adolescent pregnancy, harmful traditional practices examples of which include Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), widowhood practice, domestic violence, abortion, HIV/AIDS, Maternal mortality/morbidities and improper family planning. Many challenges remain in the effort to address these health issues. The major setback has been the failure of state parties (countries) to incorporate these International Reproductive Health Care instruments into their legal system as well as the implementation of these laws. This paper highlights the legality of the ICPD in the context of International Law and also focuses on the emerging roles of laws in Reproductive Health Care in Nigeria</span>

EDUCATION AND THE ATTITUDE OF RESPECT FOR NATURE

This work addresses the question: How is respect for nature to be learned? In this aspect, we bring the perspective of virtue ethics. To be respectful towards nature is to develop a certain attitude within us. This attitude can be inculcated among human beings through relevant education. Proper education will build up a new awareness showing the need for being respectful towards nature. Environmental laws have been enacted by governments to help solve the environmental crisis. Yet it is true that the environment can be protected through these laws but it cannot be done fully. We conserve our environment out of fear of punishment. This is the main reason why our environmental laws fail. It is through moral awareness and action it can be done in a better way. Hence ultimately education can provide an important insight in our dealing with the environment. Hence education plays a major role in restoring environmental crisis. Man’s attitude towards nature depends on the type of education he receives. This work argues that, through education, we can cultivate an attitude of respect towards nature. This will enable us to see in what way the attitude of respect for nature could be an instrument for the protection of nature. In this connection, we have taken help from O.P Dwivedi’s idea of basic principles and environmental codes on the basis of which, as he argues that environment can be better preserved. He has also suggested certain guiding principles for environmental management. Hence with these principles, human beings can become good stewards of nature with the attitude of respect for nature.

ROLE OF ACTIVE KNOWLEDGE SHARING LEARNING METHOD IN IMPROVING ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT FOR STUDENT OF XII-IPA-1 CLASS AT SMA NEGERI 2 MADIUN CITY IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2019/2020

<p>This study aims to: (a) record the improvement of student achievement by applying the Active Knowledge Sharing Learning method; and (b) understand the effect of student learning motivation by applying the Active Knowledge Sharing Learning method. This research used class action research in three rounds. Each round consists of design, activities and observations, reflection, and revision. The onjectt of this research is student of the XII-IPA-1 Class at SMA Negeri 2 Madiun City in Academic Year 2019/2020. The data obtained by using formative test and observation. Results of the study reveal that the student learning achievement had increased from cycle I to cycle III, are cycle I (69.66%), cycle II (74.53%), and cycle III (83.09%). This study concluded that applying the Active Knowledge Sharing Learning method has a positive effect on the achievement and learning motivation for student.</p>

THE REVIVAL OF VIRTUE ETHICS AS AN ETHICAL VIEW

<span lang="EN-US">Aristotle and Plato were the chief architects of virtue ethics, but their own formulation of virtue ethics was mostly subdued with the appearance of consequentialism as well as Kantian deontology. However, modem thinkers have attempted to revive virtue ethics in its new form and in this regard the name which is popularly known is G.E.M. Anscombe. In fact Anscombe clearly indicates in what sense virtue ethics can be revived and what was wrong with the traditional virtue ethics as expounded by Aristotle and Plato. Anscombe points out three important issues for which traditional virtue ethics perhaps lost its glory. First, moral philosophy in general cannot survive without an adequate philosophy of psychology and this thing was absent in the traditional virtue ethics. Secondly, without psychological possibility the concepts of moral obligation and moral duty, the moral sense of ought to be jeopardized. Thirdly and importantly, the differences between the well-known English writers on moral philosophy from Sidgwick to the present day are of little importance. This task of this paper is to review the revival of virtue ethics</span>

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING ESP FOR SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE PROGRAM

This study investigates ESP students' perception of ESP teaching effectiveness for Social and Political Science from the non-English Department. Data were collected from forty-six participants from three Social and Political Science Program Departments, Darul 'Ulum University. To obtain the data, questionnaires and interviews were employed as the instruments. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis into four categories; material, teaching method, learning motivation, and classroom management. The findings showed that some students were dissatisfied with the ESP materials given. However, the students perceived that they need to take the ESP materials to have professional communication skills for future careers. Additionally, it was also found that the roles of lectures' guidance in learning ESP were important. Finally, the interview results reveal the difficulties the students face in learning ESP, including vocabulary, pronunciation, reading comprehension, and grammatical structure.

THE USE OF ICT IN ESL CLASSROOMS IN MANIPUR

<p>The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has increased manifold in the present times. The role and use of ICT as a tool for English Language Teaching (ELT) is increasingly explored by educators as they assist in creating collaborative and independent learning environment. ICT plays a pertinent role in enhancing motivation, creativity and critical thinking of the learners. In the study, the attitudes of the students and teachers of the secondary schools of Manipur, a state in northeast India towards using ICT in teaching and learning English language are investigated. The paper aims to make the teachers and learners aware of the use of ICT in English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom. Through the questionnaires administered to both teachers and learners, the importance and challenges in the pedagogy of ELT using ICT is identified and discussed. The findings of the survey indicate that most of the teachers and learners held positive approach towards integrating ICT in teaching and learning English language.</p><p> </p>

SEMANTIC-STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES OF SHAKESPEAREAN NEOLOGISMS

The article reveals the contributions of William Shakespeare to the development of the English language. Author discusses structural features of Shakespearean neologisms and highlights semantic differences in terms of periods of English language. The study reveals the peculiarities of Shakespearean neologisms due to the standpoints of methods of analysis. The article targeted to clarify the neologisms made in the realm of morphological word-formation. The author utilized the observation method and conducted the qualitative research. The neologisms by the dramatist are divided into 4 categories considering their ways of formation. They are following: the neologisms that were coined by affixation; the neologisms that were minted by syntactic way; originally new-born words; the neologisms that were coined by conversion.

IMPACT OF DIFFERENT VARIABLES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE & LEARNING

<p>Academic performance and learning is a widely studied research area. It incorporates various aspects and can be measured through a plethora of dimensions including the performance of students in standardized tests, their grades and GPA in university courses, the rate of graduation, the rate of class participation, entrance tests of colleges, the overall class performance of students and so on. In this research we have taken blogging, reading, writing and communication skills as the independent variables on which the academic performance and learning is dependent. The population for this quantitative research was the students of National University of Science and Technology, Pakistan.<strong></strong></p>

GRAMMAR AS COMMUNICATION: A DISCOURSE GRAMMAR OF DEIXIS

<p>This research article examines the micro-system THIS/THAT in contemporary English within the theoretical framework of Metaoperational Grammar. It proposes a new approach to bring into light how this pair functions, giving due account to the importance of the context and the communication goals that determine the selection of one of these operators in a given communication act. It aims, therefore, to bridge the gap between "grammar" and "communication" and to show that grammatical operators are at the heart of communication strategies and semantic interpretation. These insights into the functioning of THIS and THAT present, in fact, one of my main contributions to modern linguistics. Metaoperational Grammar has provided me with theoretical tools to (1) show the limitations of descriptive approaches which base their explanation of this pair on the proximal/non-proximal distinction; (2) bring into light the abstract mechanisms underlying the processing of these operators; and (3) show the role played by grammatical operators in building semantic interpretation and revealing the communication strategies of the speaker. Based on authentic examples, this article shows that the spatial-temporal parameters of proximity to the speaker (THIS) and distance from the speaker (THAT) are not endowed with explanatory power to account for the emergence of these operators in discourse, and hence the need for a discourse grammar of deixis.<strong></strong></p>