scholarly journals Immunogenicity and safety of adenovirus-based vector vaccines for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-78
Author(s):  
Ayers Gilberth Ivano Kalaij ◽  
Valerie Josephine Dirjayanto ◽  
Syarif Maulana Yusuf ◽  
Erni Juwita Nelwan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Meta Analyses

BACKGROUND Despite various research on vaccine development, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection continues to spread. Thus, developing a more effective vaccine for production and clinical efficacy is still in high demand. This review aimed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of adenovirus-based vector vaccine (Ad-vaccines) including Ad5-vectored, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, rAd26-S or rAd5-S, and Ad26.COV2.S as the promising solutions for COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta analysis of clinical trials based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines through PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and EBSCOhost until August 17, 2021. We implemented inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the studies using OHAT risk of bias rating tool for human and animal studies. Pooled estimates of odds ratio (OR) were analyzed using fixed-effect model. RESULTS This systematic review yielded 12 clinical studies with a total of 75,105 subjects. Although the studies were heterogeneous, this meta-analysis showed that Ad-vaccine significantly increased protection and immune response against COVID-19 with a pooled efficacy of 84.68% compared to placebo (p<0.00001). Forest plot also indicated that Ad-vaccine conferred protection against moderate to severe COVID-19 with a pooled OR of 0.26 (p<0.00001). Ad-vaccine had also shown a good safety profile with local site pain and fever as the most common side effects. CONCLUSIONS Ad-vaccine had shown a good immunogenicity for COVID-19 with a good pooled efficacy and was proven safe for COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Is There Association Between Stress and Bruxism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victória dos Santos Chemelo ◽  
Yago Gecy de Sousa Né ◽  
Deborah Ribeiro Frazão ◽  
Renata Duarte de Souza-Rodrigues ◽  
Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Meta Analyses

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate a possible association between stress and bruxism in humans. This study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines under the code CRD42020188862, and the searches were performed on the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar. This systematic review evaluated observational studies in adult humans with and without stress to verify the association between bruxism and the presence of stress. The risk of bias was evaluated through the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. In quantitative analysis, the Odds Ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated through a fixed-effect model. Furthermore, a summary of the overall strength of evidence was presented using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). A total of 1,458 studies were identified, and six were included in this systematic review. Two studies included were classified with a low risk of bias, and the others were classified with a moderate risk of bias. In three articles, a meta-analysis was performed and showed an association between these two factors (OR 2.07 [1.51, 2.83], p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 45%). Besides that, a low certainty of the evidence was detected among this association. Stressed individuals show a higher chance of presenting bruxism when compared to healthy individuals. Despite the low heterogeneity found in the quantitative analysis among the articles reporting an association between stress and bruxism, further studies with similar methods are necessary to understand this relationship better.

scholarly journals Association of microRNAs genes polymorphisms with arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingqi Xiao ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Objective: To investigate whether microRNAs genes’ polymorphisms are associated with arthritis. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library et al. were systematically searched to identify case–control studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs), and confidence intervals (CIs) at 95% using fixed-effect model or random-effects model. Results: Twenty-two case–control studies involving 10489 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. MiR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) was not significantly associated with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in any model. Significant associations were found between miR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) and the risk of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the heterozygous model and the dominant model. The heterozygous model showed a significant association between the miR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) polymorphism and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). And there was no significant association of miR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) with risk of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) at any model. Additionally, there was a significant association of miR-499 rs3746444 (T/C) with risk of RA at two genetic models, and with a moderate heterogeneity. When subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant associations were almost found between miR-499 rs3746444 (T/C) and the risk of RA in any model in Caucasian populations, and there is no heterogeneity. Conclusions: The association of miR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) with RA was not found. And there was a significant association between miR-146a rs2910164(G/C) and PsA or AS. MiR-499 rs3746444 (T/C) was associated with RA in Caucasian populations. These findings did not support the genetic association between miR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) and JRA susceptibility, as well as the association of miR-196a-2 rs11614913 (C/T), miR-146a rs2431697, miR-146a rs57095329, miR-149 rs22928323 with arthritis.

scholarly journals History and Spread of Viruses (COVID-19) and Associated Demographic and Clinical Parameters – A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Swambhavi Awasthi ◽  
Sunil Sharma ◽  
Saurav Attri ◽  
Sakshi Malik Attri ◽  
Rajesh Sharawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Meta Analyses

COVID-19 made a huge impact on the world due to its rapid transmission and no treatments being available for it. The virus affected more people and spread to various countries than what was predicted when COVID-19 initially began spreading. There have been numerous pandemics and epidemics in the 21st century yet COVID-19 has affected more people and spread widely. The primary objective of the study was to explore history, spread and associated parameters of existing viruses especially COVID-19. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed for a systematic search to identify eligible published articles. Clinical data, regarding COVID-19 patients, was obtained from previously published articles. The main cause of COVID-19 spreading rapidly was noted to be due to a high percentage of asymptomatic patients, transmission being air-borne, and the lack of knowledge and preventative measures being implemented when the virus began spreading. The common co-morbidity that found in patients was Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Coronary Heart Disease. The common symptoms, found through the Meta-analysis, that the patients faced included cough (55.4%), fever (68.4%), fatigue (20.3%), and shortness of breath (18.1%). The proportion of asymptotic positive cases was measured 58.3% (95%CI: 24.7% – 87.9%) while mortality proportion was found to be 6.7% (fixed-effect model) and 13.4% (random-effect model). The Meta-analysis indicated that a higher percentage of males were affected by COVID-19 than females and more patients are found to be asymptomatic. Moreover, the mortality rate of patients that have had COVID-19 was found to be low. 

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of remdesivir in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-303
Author(s):  
Sumanta Saha ◽  
Sujata Saha
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Us

Background: This systematic review compares the efficacy and safety of remdesivir between its recipient and non-recipient COVID-19 patients from the recently published randomized controlled trials (RCT).  Methods: For eligible trials comparing the above outcomes, a literature search took place in the PubMed database. The reviewed trials data were abstracted and critically appraised using the Cochrane tool. Then, a random-effect meta-analysis followed to compare the risk between the compared interventions in risk ratio (RR). By plying the I2 and Chi2 statistics, the heterogeneity estimation happened. A sensitivity analysis iterated the preliminary meta-analysis using a fixed-effect model. Results: Two eligible RCTs included in this review sourced data from about 833 COVID-19 patients from 115 hospitals in Asia, Europe, and the US. The risk of bias was primarily low. Random-effect meta-analysis suggested a clinical improvement (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.16; P=0.02; I2: 0%) and decrease in the risk of any serious side effects (RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.94; P<0.001; I2: 0%) in the remdesivir treated COVID-19 patients. The rest of the outcomes did not vary between the juxtaposed interventions. Conclusion: Evidence-based on early RCTs suggest that remdesivir is a clinically useful and safe drug to treat COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals A Bayesian Model-Averaged Meta-Analysis of the Power Pose Effect with Informed and Default Priors: The Case of Felt Power

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Frederik Gronau ◽  
Sara van Erp ◽  
Daniel W. Heck ◽  
Joseph Cesario ◽  
Kai Jonas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Bayesian Model Averaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Body Postures ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Meta Analyses

Carney, Cuddy, and Yap (2010) found that --compared to participants who adopted constrictive body postures-- participants who adopted expansive body postures reported feeling more powerful, showed an increase in testosterone and a decrease in cortisol, and displayed anincreased tolerance for risk. However, these power pose effects have recently come under considerable scrutiny. Here we present a Bayesian meta-analysis of six preregistered studies from this special issue, focusing on the effect of power posing on felt power. Our analysisimproves on standard classical meta-analyses in several ways. First and foremost, we considered only preregistered studies, eliminating concerns about publication bias. Second, the Bayesian approach enables us to quantify evidence for both the alternative and the null hypothesis. Third, we use Bayesian model-averaging to account for the uncertainty with respect to the choice for a fixed-effect model or a random-effect model. Fourth, based on a literature review we obtained an empirically informed prior distribution for the between-studyheterogeneity of effect sizes. This empirically informed prior can serve as a default choice not only for the investigation of the power pose effect, but for effects in the field of psychology more generally. For effect size, we considered a default and an informed prior. Our meta-analysis yields very strong evidence for an effect of power posing on felt power. However, when the analysis is restricted to participants unfamiliar with the effect, the meta-analysis yields evidence that is only moderate.

Expression of microRNA-210 and the prognosis in glioma patients: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 795-805
Author(s):  
Xuezhi Hu ◽  
Pengfei Yan ◽  
Jun Feng ◽  
Fangcheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Meta Analyses

Aim: To evaluate the predictive power of tumor microRNA-210 (miR-210) on overall survival (OS) in glioma patients. Materials & methods: Studies were identified through searching PubMed, Embase and China National Knowledge Internet electronic databases. Meta-analyses were performed with a random- or fixed-effect model according to the heterogeneity. Results: Six studies were included. Results showed that increased miR-210 expression in tumor independently predicted poor OS in glioma patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.38; p = 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that the prognostic efficacy of tumor miR-210 levels for OS was stronger in overall patients with glioma (HR: 2.22; p < 0.001) than in those with glioblastoma (HR: 1.13; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Expression of miR-210 may predict poor survival in patients with glioma.

scholarly journals A systematic review protocol for examining 30-day readmission costs for atrial fibrillation patients

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e032101
Author(s):  
Taylor-Jade Woods ◽  
Peter Speck ◽  
Billingsley Kaambwa
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Index Admission ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cost

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and readmissions of AF patients place a huge burden on the healthcare system, including economically. With an increasing prevalence, the burden of AF will continue evolving. To illuminate the readmission-specific economic burden, we aim to provide quality evidence on the cost of readmissions within 30 days where AF has been the primary diagnosis at the index admission.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review of all peer-reviewed articles examining readmission costs for AF patients. We will search MedLine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus and Cochrane Library for articles written in English, published in peer-reviewed journals from inception to 2019. Reporting of this protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols checklist. Studies will be included if patients were aged 18 years and over, AF was the primary diagnosis of index admission and costs of readmission within 30 days were reported. Quality assessment of studies will be done using a modified Evers checklist. Study results will be summarised in a Forest plot and heterogeneity tested for using the Cochran’s Q and I2statistic. A random-effects model will be applied for meta-analysis if studies are sufficiently homogeneous. The cost of readmission to hospital within 30 days for AF patients is the main outcome of interest while additional outcomes are 30-day readmission rate, predictors of readmission and predictors of readmission costs.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as no patients will be involved. Dissemination of results will be through a peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019132017

Metabolic syndrome in antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nathalia Garrido-Torres ◽  
Idalino Rocha-Gonzalez ◽  
Luis Alameda ◽  
Aurora Rodriguez-Gangoso ◽  
Ana Vilches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Caucasian Origin ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background It is unclear what the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in drug-naïve first-episode of psychosis (FEP) is, as previous meta-analyses were conducted in minimally exposed or drug-naïve FEP patients with psychotic disorder at any stage of the disease; thus, a meta-analysis examining MetS in naïve FEP compared with the general population is needed. Methods Studies on individuals with FEP defined as drug-naïve (0 days exposure to antipsychotics) were included to conduct a systematic review. A meta-analysis of proportions for the prevalence of MetS in antipsychotic-naïve patients was performed. Prevalence estimates and 95% CI were calculated using a random-effect model. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions to identify sources and the amount of heterogeneity were also conducted. Results The search yielded 4143 articles. After the removal of duplicates, 2473 abstracts and titles were screened. At the full-text stage, 112 were screened, 18 articles were included in a systematic review and 13 articles in the main statistical analysis. The prevalence of MetS in naïve (0 days) FEP is 13.2% (95% CI 8.7–19.0). Ethnicity accounted for 3% of the heterogeneity between studies, and diagnostic criteria used for MetS accounted for 7%. When compared with controls matched by sex and age, the odds ratio is 2.52 (95% CI 1.29–5.07; p = 0.007). Conclusions Our findings of increased rates of MetS in naïve FEP patients suggest that we are underestimating cardiovascular risk in this population, especially in those of non-Caucasian origin. Our findings support that altered metabolic parameters in FEPs are not exclusively due to antipsychotic treatments.

scholarly journals Association of vegetarian diet with inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 2713-2721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Haghighatdoost ◽  
Nick Bellissimo ◽  
Julia O Totosy de Zepetnek ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Minimum Duration ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Hs Crp

AbstractObjectiveVegetarian diets contain various anti-inflammatory components. We aimed to investigate the effects of vegetarianism on inflammatory biomarkers when compared with omnivores.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingLiterature search was conducted in Science Direct, Proquest, MEDLINE and Google Scholar up to June 2016. Summary estimates and corresponding 95 % CI were derived via the DerSimonian and Laird method using random effects, subgroup analyses were run to find the source of heterogeneity and a fixed-effect model examined between-subgroup heterogeneity.SubjectsStudies were included if they evaluated effects of any type of vegetarianism compared with omnivores on circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers. No restriction was made in terms of language or the date of study publications.ResultsEighteen articles were included. Pooled effect size showed no difference in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in vegetarians v. omnivores (Hedges’ g=−0·15; 95 % CI −0·35, 0·05), with high heterogeneity (I2=75·6 %, P<0·01). A subgroup analysis by minimum duration of vegetarianism showed that a minimum duration of 2 years vegetarianism was associated with lower hs-CRP levels v. omnivores (Hedges’ g=−0·29; 95 % CI −0·59, 0·01), with moderate heterogeneity (I2=68·9 %, P<0·01). No significant effect was found in studies using a minimum duration of 6 months of vegetarianism, with low heterogeneity. Vegetarianism was associated with increased IL-6 concentrations (0·21 pg/ml; 95 % CI 0·18, 0·25), with no heterogeneity (I2=0·0 %, P=0·60).ConclusionsThe meta-analysis provides evidence that vegetarianism is associated with lower serum concentrations of hs-CRP when individuals follow a vegetarian diet for at least 2 years. Further research is necessary to draw appropriate conclusions regarding potential associations between vegetarianism and IL-6 levels. A vegetarian diet might be a useful approach to manage inflammaging in the long term.

scholarly journals Undernutrition and its determinants among Ethiopian adolescent girls: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e026718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wubet Worku Takele ◽  
Achenef Asmamaw Muche ◽  
Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen ◽  
Yehualashet Fikadu Ambaw ◽  
Fasil Wagnew
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Trim And Fill ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionIn Ethiopia, undernutrition is the common public health concern, swaying the lives of lots of adolescent girls. Its sequelae are not only limited to them, but rather their upcoming offspring are vulnerable too. Even though some studies have been carried out in different parts of the country, the national pooled prevalence and determinants of undernutrition are not known. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the pooled prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among adolescent girls in Ethiopia.MethodsPublished articles will be retrieved from databases such as Medline and PubMed. Electronic search engines such as Google Scholar and Google will be used. To identify eligible studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal checklists prepared for different study designs will be used. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will be used to maintain the scientific robustness of the study. The presence of heterogeneity among studies will be examined by forest plot as well as I2heterogeneity test. Potential causes of heterogeneity will be explored by carrying out sensitivity and subgroup analyses. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model will be used provided that heterogeneity is observed. Publication bias will be examined by observing funnel plots, and objectively by Egger’s regression test. If the funnel plot is asymmetric and/or Egger’s test was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), the trim and fill (Duval and Tweedie’s) analysis will be performed. The presence of a statistical association between independent and dependent variables will be declared if the p value is <0.05 with the 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationSince this is a systematic review and meta-analysis, ethical clearance will not be a concern. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed reputable journal and presented at different scientific research conferences.Trial registration numberCRD42018106180.

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