Mothering practices across three generations of Chinese women: from liberated woman, virtuous wife and good mother, to intensive full-time mother

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Childrearing Practices ◽  
Narrative Interview ◽  
Good Mother ◽  
Societal Changes

Chinese women have lived through huge societal changes. This article aims to explore women’s lived experiences as mothers over three generations under such transformations, specifically how women’s childrearing practices are distinctively constructed and how each generation of women makes their own mark on such constructions. The study of what women do in their everyday lives creates methodological challenges. In the study on which this article draws, a biographical narrative interview method was applied and adapted to take into account the researcher’s impact on the co-construction process of the interviews and to understand some ‘untellable’ stories. Three detailed cases are analysed to demonstrate individual woman’s struggles and achievements when acting on the particular ideological contexts of the periods in which they were mothers.

scholarly journals The “Silent Reserves” of the Patriarchal Chinese Welfare System: Women as “Hidden” Contributors to Chinese Social Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5267
Author(s):  
Yingqi Wang ◽  
Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Scholars of social inequality in China have commonly concentrated on strata-related social welfare systems that divide the population into urban and rural dwellers, and additionally, into different welfare classes such as civil servants, employees, and migrant workers. Following Esping-Andersen, Siaroff, Sainsbury, and others, this paper brings the perspective of “gendering welfare” into the study of Chinese social policy. Focusing upon two major social policy branches in China—the old age pension insurance system and care services within the household—it discusses the role of Chinese women in these two fields. Through a gender-sensitive analysis, this paper elaborates the social phenomenon of “silent reserves” (namely, women) within the Chinese welfare regime. While women assume a crucial role in intrafamily care services, constituting the chief contributors of long-term care and childcare, their care contributions at home are not recognized as “social achievements” and are not monetarily compensated by the patriarchal Chinese welfare state. In addition, this paper argues that women are systematically disadvantaged by pension insurance arrangements. Furthermore, the individualization of care services in the intrafamily context weakens the pension entitlements of women, since their unpaid care constrains their ability to maintain full-time jobs in the labor market.

Trauma and the Effects on the Midwife

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Calvert ◽  
Cheryl Benn
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Relational Trust ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Practice Experience ◽  
Eclectic Approach ◽  
Narrative Interview ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Family Midwives

BACKGROUND:When practicing as a lead maternity carer, the first author (IC) found that following a traumatic practice experience, there appeared to be very little emotional support for the midwife unless provided by colleagues or family. Midwives were expected to continue as if nothing had happened and they had not been affected in any way by the event.AIM:To explore the effects of a traumatic practice experience on the midwifery practitioner.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND METHOD:A qualitative study using a narrative research method was implemented. Data were collected using an adapted biographical narrative interview method. An eclectic approach was used to analyze the data for content and form based on identity and ontology.FINDINGS:The study demonstrated that partnership and autonomous midwifery practice are key drivers that make New Zealand midwives more likely to be blamed for unfortunate outcomes, and their competence in practice challenged. The study identified that a breach of relational trust exacerbates or prolongs the initial physiological and/or psychological symptoms experienced by the participating midwives following a traumatic practice event. The perpetrators of this betrayal of trust were organizational and clinical managers, medical and midwifery colleagues, women, and their families.CONCLUSION:The participants’ stories have drawn attention to the effects of counterproductive behaviors that occur in dysfunctional health organizations and the need for professional emotional support.

scholarly journals Challenges and Benefits of Facilitating Online Learning in Time of Covid-19 Pandemic: Insights and Experiences of Social Science Teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Feddy B. Junsay Jr. ◽  
Dennis V. Madrigal
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Teachers And Students

Online education is a rapidly growing phenomenon for teachers. With the outbreak of COVID-19, there are changes in all societies worldwide, and a forcible shift in the medium of teaching and learning is inevitable. This paper explored the social science teachers' lived experiences in a Chinese school during the COVID-19 Pandemic. This qualitative study utilized the phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of eight full-time and tenured social science teachers determined using purposive sampling.  The data were collected from the participants using an in-depth semi-structured interview. Meanwhile, the recursive textual analysis guided by the three C's of Lichtman was employed to analyze the data thematically.  The findings show that social science teachers faced challenges in online teaching such as personal, technical, and teaching strategies.  It also found that the teachers have difficulty motivating students to participate in the online class activities and submission of outputs.  Despite the challenges, the teachers were able to surmount the difficulties because of the support of the administration and their fellow teachers.  Generally, the unfolding of online teaching challenges confronted by school heads, teachers, and students will make them resilient to adapt and embrace virtual education. Keywords. Social Science, online education, COVID-19 Pandemic, phenomenology, Philippines

scholarly journals Fragments of the Soviet Past: Evolution of Contemporary Russian Pentecostals

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Kliuev Vera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Narrative Interview ◽  
Pentecostal Churches ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soviet Experience

Soviet and modern Pentecostal practices of participation/non-participation in public life have been analyzed in this article. The author has formulated a question of research: does the Soviet experience influence the formation of norms and practices among conservative Pentecostals? In this article the author used field materials collected in urban and rural communities of the European Russia, the Urals, Siberia and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the 2010s. The main method of data collection is the Biographical Narrative Interview Method. These narratives were supplemented and verified by documents of government authorities from central and regional archives and ego-documents of believers (testimonies, memoirs, and letters). Soviet Pentecostals created their own internal space with specific ways of communication, regulation of community life. Soviet Pentecostals in the Evangelical community were distinguished by specific religious practices. They were characterized by social isolationism. They created their own meaning of participation/non-participation in the everyday life of secular society and Soviet practices. Pentecostals developed a strategy of passive participation in military service, had their own ideas about the possibility of obtaining higher education. They had their own view of Soviet social and cultural life. Pentecostals were subjected to social exclusion due to ideological reasons, but they were able to integrate into Soviet everyday life. In the post-Soviet period, most restrictions ceased to exist and believers were able to adapt to the current situation. At the same time, they retained restrictions based on theological and doctrinal principles. Until now, Pentecostal churches still maintain rules of conduct in everyday life, including those based on the Soviet experience.

scholarly journals Świadek historii. Swobodne wspominanie a krytyka źródła historycznego – o ambiwalencji metody w zachodnioniemieckiej oral history około roku 1980

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 39-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franka Maubach
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Narrative Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Past Experiences

Only recently has the contemporary witness become the subject of academic study. The emerging scholarship views this figure as belonging to a specific historical period, namely the post-Holocaust era. Today, the narrations of the contemporary witness are commonly understood as constructs, as stories developed synchronously in the course of the interview. The article takes a closer look at the formative period of the German Oral History studies around 1980, a field deeply informed by post-dictatorial sensibilities. It locates the figure of the contemporary witness, the interviewer and the interview methods employed within the historical context in which they emerged. Moreover, if we consider other Oral History approaches developed elsewhere and compare the German approach to Fritz Schütze’s narrative interview method for the social sciences, it can be identified as a genuinely historical, diachronically operating approach. By letting the interviewees talk about their memories uninterrupted, they were encouraged to reflect on their lives as a whole. A the same time, pioneers of the field such as Lutz Niethammer and Alexander von Plato developed ways to verify the narrations’ plausibility and thus to evaluate the reliability of the interview as istorical source. This combination of empathy and skepticism, of unconditional interest in a person’s full life-story and its critical verification became the hallmark of German Oral history Studies, not least because emerged in a post-dictatorial society. Rather than studying memories as mere constructions of the past, they developed a methodology aimed at enabling historians to get access to the actual past experiences which they believed are contained in the retrospective testimonies of individual human beings.

Race, Imposter Thoughts, and Healing

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
Calvin Monroe
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Higher Education Research ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Critical Race Theorist ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Imposter Phenomenon ◽  
Full Time Employee

This chapter is concerned with acknowledging the mental health issues that Black men face in higher education. Research is presented and blended with lived experiences of being a full-time employee and doctoral student on a primarily white campus. This chapter focuses on the emotional trauma of Black men, imposter phenomenon traits, and offers strategies for healing from critical race theorist. Strategies to keep higher education institutions accountable for the hiring and retaining of Black men are also discussed.

Gender in post-Mao China

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEANNE HONG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Women Poets ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Traditional Conception ◽  
Gender Discourse ◽  
Gender Consciousness ◽  
Sex Equality ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

Post-Mao gender discourse readjusts a politicized vision of gender based on Maoist ethics. While rejecting revolutionary concepts of sex equality, contemporary Chinese women embrace a notion of femininity through the revision of a traditional conception of womanhood as well as the construction of new role models. Women poets participate in this construction process with a fresh, powerful voice to express their gender consciousness. In their efforts to (re-)define womanhood, they present by poetic means radically gendered perspectives.

scholarly journals Persuasion, Adaptation, and Double Identity: Qualitative Study on the Psychological Impact of a Screen-Detected Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lesley M. McGregor ◽  
Sara Tookey ◽  
Rosalind Raine ◽  
Christian von Wagner ◽  
Georgia Black
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Diagnostic Pathway ◽  
Narrative Interview ◽  
Cancer Screening Programme ◽  
Bowel Cancer Screening

The NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) is aimed at reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality through early detection within a healthy population. This study explores how 5 people (three females) experience and make sense of their screen-detected diagnosis and the psychological implications of this diagnostic pathway. A biographical narrative interview method was used, and transcripts were analysed using a thematic analysis with a phenomenological lens. Themes specifically relating to posttreatment experience and reflections are reported here: Do it: being living proof, Resisting the threat of recurrence, Rationalising bodily change, and Continuing life—“carrying on normally.” Participants described their gratefulness to the BCSP, motivating a strong desire to persuade others to be screened. Furthermore, participants professed a duality of experience categorised by the normalisation of life after diagnosis and treatment and an identification of strength post cancer, as well as a difficulty adjusting to the new changes in life and a contrasting identity of frailty. Understanding both the long- and short-term impacts of a CRC diagnosis through screening is instrumental to the optimisation of support for patients. The results perhaps highlight a particular target for psychological distress reduction, which could reduce the direct and indirect cost of cancer to the patient.

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