Family matters

2018 ◽  
pp. 177-212
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Out Of School

This chapter studies how family legacies affect young people's strategies and decisions around finding work and moving into independent living. Where one comes from has always affected young people's job opportunities and paths out of school. These effects are becoming increasingly polarised both within and across European societies along a variety of dimensions that cannot simply be read off in terms of ethnicity, class, gender, the original nationality of one's parents, or even the society that young people from different backgrounds find themselves in. Understanding the long-term implications of these social divisions is central to knowing which kinds of policy interventions might be most effective in addressing current levels of youth unemployment. The chapter then looks at what happens to young people who leave home and/or set up their own families, and whether the recent recession has increased the risk of them returning to their parental home.

Social Progress in Britain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Heath ◽  
Elizabeth Garratt ◽  
Ridhi Kashyap ◽  
Yaojun Li ◽  
Lindsay Richards
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The Road ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Free Market Reforms ◽  
Made In

Social Progress in Britain examines how much progress has made in the years since Sir William Beveridge described the ‘five giants on the road to reconstruction’—the giants of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness. The book has chapters examining the progress which Britain has made in improving material prosperity and tackling poverty; in extending length of life and tackling disease; in raising participation in education and improving educational standards; in tackling the scourge of unemployment, especially youth unemployment; and in providing better-quality housing and tackling overcrowding. In addition to Beveridge’s five giants, the book also explores inequalities of opportunity (focussing on inequalities between social classes, men and women, and ethnic groups), and the changing nature of social divisions and social cohesion in Britain. Throughout, the chapters put British progress into perspective by drawing comparisons with progress made in other large developed democracies such as Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, and the USA. As well as looking at the average level of prosperity, life expectancy, education, and housing, the book examines the extent of inequality around the average and pays particular attention to whether the most disadvantaged sections of society have shared in progress or have fallen behind. It concludes with an assessment of the effect of policy interventions such as Margaret Thatcher’s free market reforms of the 1980s on different aspects of social progress.

scholarly journals Measuring the cost of leaving care in Victoria

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Forbes ◽  
Brett Inder ◽  
Sunitha Raman
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
The State ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Measuring Outcomes ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
The Cost

On any given night in Victoria, around 4,000 children and young people live under the care and protection of the State. For many young people, this care extends over a long period of time, sometimes until their 18th birthday. It is well documented that young people leaving State care often lack the social and economic resources to assist them in making the transition into independent living. As a consequence, the long-term life outcomes from this group are frequently very poor. A recent report from the Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare in partnership with Monash University estimated that, for a typical cohort of 450 young people who leave care in Victoria each year, the direct cost to the State resulting from these poor outcomes is $332.5 million. The estimated average outcomes of the leaving care population are based on a recent survey involving sixty young people who had spent at least two years in care as teenagers. This paper provides an overview of the economic methodology used to estimate this cost, and provides discussion of the motivation for measuring outcomes in terms of costs to the State.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Employment Programme on Young Unemployed People

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Laura Južnik Rotar
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Active Labour Market Policy ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Active Labour

Youth unemployment is of paramount concern for the European Union. Young people are facing potentially slow and difficult transitions into stable jobs. What optimally supports young people on the labour market poses a challenging question for economic policy makers. Active labour market policies can be beneficial to young unemployed people. The aim of active labour market policy is to improve employability of the unemployed. The consequences of an overly generous welfare state can be a reduction in motivation to work. The effectiveness of employment programmes is therefore a crucial step in the process. This paper aims to estimate the treatment effect of subsidized employment programmes on young Dutch unemployed people using difference in differences propensity score matching. We test whether the effects of subsidized employment programmes for young Dutch unemployed people are positive and strong in both the short and long term on the probability of re-employment and on the probability of participation in the regular educational system in comparison with the outcome produced in the event that an individual would continue seeking employment as an unemployed person. The probability of re-employment in short-term circumstances is positive, but small. Whereas with long-term examples (two years after the programme start) the probability is negative. Alternatively, the probability of participation in regular educational systems is positive in the short-term as well as in the long-term, but evidently decreases in the long-term. Welfare reforms undertaken in the Netherlands are directed towards enhancing efficiency. The role of social partners in social security administrations is reduced and the reforms are intended to promote reintegration of people who are out of work. There is a general agreement that the Netherlands is going in the right direction by giving priority to work and study over benefits, as it has become evident that generous social benefits make employment policies inefficient.

scholarly journals Youth employment and unemployment rates in Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2, special issue) ◽  
pp. 212-224
Author(s):  
Bashkim Bellaqa ◽  
Besim Gollopeni
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Labour Market Policies ◽  
Market Instability

The main aim of this study is to analyse the employment and unemployment rates in the Western Balkans, looking particularly at youth (aged 18–24 years) unemployment in Kosovo. The results of the study show that unemployment in this age group is high and that labour market policies are also not appropriate. The empirical study was conducted during the pandemic (2020), but statistics for study needs were used from the period 2001–2019. It involved young people aged 18–24 and used data from various local and international institutions regarding the labour market for young people, labour market policy, etc. The study shows that in Kosovo, 48.7% of young people aged 18–24 are unemployed and that the most pronounced unemployment is among women. A significant proportion of the young population is unemployed (46.4%) and youth unemployment among females is higher (53.6%) compared to males (42.9%) (Kosovo Agency of Statistics, 2020b). Kosovo’s problem with youth unemployment is the result of poor economic development as well as inefficient labour market policies. The study recommends that policymakers develop sustainable and effective policies that will lead to stability in youth employment and improve the labour market performance. These policies should help organizations and businesses to increase the number of employees, but should also create long-term employment stability. Furthermore, a critical appraisal is necessary to avoid youth unemployment, instability in youth employment and labour market instability as a whole

Youth unemployment in Northern Ireland

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373
Author(s):  
David Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Young People ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Low Achievers ◽  
The Status ◽  
One Year

Summary Nearly one tenth (8 per cent) of each cohort of school leavers in Northern Ireland experience long spells of unemployment and inactivity (“Status 0”) between the ages of 16 and 18. This is important because many such young people are likely to end up unemployed and long-term unemployed in later life. In Northern Ireland around 15 per cent of the male workforce is unemployed, and around one half of these have been out of work for more than one year. This paper outlines the nature of the Status 0 experience amongst 16 and 17 year olds in Northern Ireland, and discusses three main aspects of policy which might guide the overall policy response in Northern Ireland and elsewhere. Firstly, resources should be targeted carefully towards the most “at risk” young people, especially during the early stages of their progression through compulsory education. Secondly, relevant professionals should ensure that the most marginalised young people are not allowed to fall through the nets of mainstream provision and, in particular, every effort should be made to help young people avoid entering Status 0 immediately after leaving school. Thirdly, consideration should be given to the financial incentives faced by training providers in terms of recruiting low achievers who are at most risk of entering Status 0. There is some evidence to suggest that many of the existing incentives in Northern Ireland are inadequate and, in some cases, may exacerbate many of the problems faced by marginalised young people.

An International Youth Committee

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (52) ◽  
pp. 385-386
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Young People ◽  
Consultative Committee ◽  
Youth Activities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Session

What can young people do and what can one do for the young today? These problems were studied by the International Consultative Committee on Youth Activities, set up by unesco, at its first session which was held in Paris in May 1965. The Committee, which consisted of leading specialists from 23 countries of Europe, Africa, Asia and America, was instituted in order to advise the Organization in the preparation of programmes concerning youth activities and assist it in putting these into effect. In this capacity it will, for example, study problems raised by the intensification of extra-curricula studies and the long-term service of young volunteers. The latter, especially if they possess technical qualifications, are capable of giving a considerable amount of aid to the developing countries, as has already been shown by work carried out in this direction by no less than 250 organizations which have sent out some 17,000 young people to various countries.

scholarly journals Challenging Youth Unemployment Through International Mobility

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
Birte Nienaber ◽  
Ioana Manafi ◽  
Volha Vysotskaya ◽  
Monica Roman ◽  
Daniela Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
European Countries ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Career Identity

AbstractYouth unemployment is a challenge in many European countries – especially since the financial crises. Young people face difficulties in the transition from education into employment. This article focuses on young mobile Europeans from six countries (Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Norway, Romania and Spain). The research question is whether and to which extent international mobility has an impact on employability and therefore reduces youth unemployment. By using a cluster analysis of personal adaptability, social and human capital and career identity, the importance of mobility experiences for employability is analysed in a recent dataset of 5,272 young (formerly) mobile respondents. Youth mobility is established as a strong characteristic for the employability cluster. Mobility is however not the long-term aim of most of the mobile young people, since most of the mobiles choose to return to their home countries after one or more stays abroad.

scholarly journals You can’t go home again. Independent living in Uruguay in the context of delayed transitions to adulthood

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 103-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ciganda ◽  
Alain Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
The Postponement

This paper analyzes how the transition out of the parental home has changed in the last two and a half decades in Uruguay. Using National Household Surveys from 1981 to 2005, we show that although young people in Uruguay have postponed the formation of new households, considerable gaps still exist between individuals from different socio-economic backgrounds. The most educated have avoided further delays in their emancipation by adopting non-family living arrangements as an increasingly popular alternative. Women have experienced the most significant change, reflecting the movement towards more egalitarian relationships between genders. Although the greatest proportional decline of young people living independently has been experienced in a period of relatively favorable economic conditions, our findings suggest that for a large part of the population, the postponement of the formation of a new household is a coping mechanism rather than a choice.

scholarly journals YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: A SERIOUS PROBLEM FOR YOUNG ITALIANS NEET AND A COMPARISON WITH THE SOCIAL EXCLUSION CONDITION

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iacopo ODOARDI ◽  
Assia LIBERATORE
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Exclusion Condition ◽  
And Training ◽  
Predominant Effect

The spread of the NEET (young people not in education, employment and training) phenomenon in Italy is largely due to the recession that has exacerbated the structural problems of the labor market, worsening job opportunities and contractual conditions, particularly for young people. We analyze how the level of youth unemployment (YUR) influences the number of young NEETs, both as a direct cause and through the risk of discouraging young people, considering the endogeneity issue. We also analyze the role of YUR and other control variables characterizing the youth condition on the social exclusion rate, since the NEET status is comparable to a form of social exclusion. More information comes from the comparison between two divergent macro-areas: the wealthy Center-North and the less developed South of Italy. The results show that the causes of the two phenomena are different in the years of recession. YUR has a predominant effect on NEET, particularly in the less developed area.

THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF SKHOTHANE ON YOUTH’S (UNDER)DEVELOPMENT AT EKURHULENI’S TO WNSHIP(S) OF SOUTH AFRICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ndwakhulu Tshishonga
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Culture Of Poverty ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Ultimate Purpose

This article examines the socio-economic implications that the controversial sub-culture of skhothane has on the development or underdevelopment of youth at Ekurhuleni and surrounding townships. It interrogates skhothane within the post-modern expressive youth culture. In the township(s) of Ekurhuleni, skhothane is regarded not only as a controversial sub-culture but also as a lifestyle whereby young people compete in acquiring material goods with the ultimate purpose of destroying them. This practice co-exists alongside youth unemployment and underdevelopment which is exacerbated by poverty, rising unemployment and gross inequalities. The author argues that the practice of skhothane sub-culture does not only undermine the policies and programmes aimed at the socio-economic upliftment of young people, but turns the youth into materialistic consumers. In this article, young people are viewed as victims of post-modern lifestyles who are socialised under an intergenerational culture of poverty and underdevelopment. It uses primary data from selected interviews with skhothane members and general members of local communities and secondary sources from books, accredited journals and newspapers.

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