Shopping Centre Design, Decline and Crime

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Poyser
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Criminal Opportunity ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Effective Use

It is now widely accepted that the design of buildings and their surroundings can influence the commission of crime and nuisance behaviour (Garrad, 1999) and that the proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime, and an improvement in the quality of life (Skogan, 1990a). This article reports on research undertaken to determine whether architects, designing shopping centres in the 1960s and late 1990s, were aware of the link between environmental design and criminal opportunity. It goes on to examine what relation that ignorance/awareness might have to criminal opportunity, nuisance behaviour, and fear of crime in users. The related issue of management/maintenance of centres is also examined. The design of two Portsmouth, England, shopping centres (the ‘Tricorn’—planned and built in the 1960s and ‘Gunwhaf Quays' — planned and built in the late 1990s) is compared. The research findings utilising interviews, questionnaires and examination of local newspaper reports suggest that users found the ‘Tricorn’ to be poorly designed, ill maintained, to attract crime and nuisance behaviour, and to make them feel unsafe whilst, in contrast, users felt that ‘Gunwharf Quays' is well designed and maintained. Many feel that these factors may be connected to their feelings of safety, and to what they observed as low levels of crime and nuisance behaviour. Overall, the findings indicate that design and maintenance are important elements in relation to levels of crime, nuisance, and fear of crime in shopping centres. Several recommendations are made in the light of these findings.

Realising added-value in native British breeds of beef cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. H. Alderson
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Function ◽  
Effective Use

SummaryNative breeds of beef cattle in Britain have been superseded by imported breeds since the 1960s, but a changing market in the 1990s has begun to restore traditional values. The distinctive qualities of native breeds are becoming more relevant, and the White Park is a prime example of their importance. This paper makes a critical evaluation of several studies of White Park cattle that have been carried out, namely productivity in non-intensive systems of management, assessment of type and function by linear measurements, quality of product (meat), and value in crossing programmes. It concludes that breeds such as the White Park derive significant added value as a result of their native adaptability and the high quality of their beef, and that they benefit from a market driven by consumers rather than supermarkets. The use of different linear measurements is proposed, and the effective use of White Park bulls in crossing programmes is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Towards Five Star Classification Shopping Centre in Malaysia: An Exploratory Research on Categories of Shopping Centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Retail Development ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
Rental Rate ◽  
Star Classification

Shopping Centre is the most wonderful spots nowadays with their appealing shops and a wide assortment individual spend their free occasions to unwind, shop and make the most of their occasions. Be that as it may, it shows up the powers driving retail development everywhere throughout the world have withdrawn from real customers request. A shopping centre is a group of retail stores. With the harried number development of shopping centres in Malaysia, the competition among of those commercial retailers is seen as crucial. The shopping centre springing up around us like mushrooms after the rain. The changes format of urbanisation, globalisation, new technologies and innovations are leading the entire retail market makes our shopping centres management more challenging. Because shopping centres comprise of many types with different features to serve its function, the measurement of the quality of shopping centres becomes more complex. One of the ways to facilitate the measurement of quality of different types of shopping centres is by classifying the shopping centres. Therefore, this paper looks on the category the shopping centre in Malaysia based on physical criteria, rental rate, tenant’s revenues and retails customers patronage satisfaction. The criteria of shopping centre acquired through literatures can be filled in as an orientation in making a categorised of shopping centres in Malaysia. Interview with government and private sectors involved in shopping centres has been conducted to find out the suitable category of shopping centre in Malaysia. This is an initial study toward the classification of shopping centres in Malaysia. Noted that the classification is very important for investment purpose and as a guideline, therefore, shopping centre must get a better rating tool for the developers and investors for their investment decision in the future.

CURRENT SITUATION OF MANAGEMENT AND USE OF TEACHING EQUIPMENT UNDER ORIENTATIONS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENT CAPACITY IN LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DIEN BIEN DISTRICT, DIEN BIEN PROVINCE IN THE PRESENT PERIOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Van Phuc ◽  
Ngo Quang Son
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Equipment Management ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Lower Secondary Schools

Last time, management of equipment, maintenance and use of teaching equipment in lower secondary schools in Dien Bien district, Dien Bien province has been paid more attention, making important contributions to keeping sustainably, improve the quality of education in the district. Every year the lower secondary schools have been given funding and have plans to equip additional teaching equipment. Most lower secondary schools have full-time staff in charge of teaching equipment; with equipment storage rooms, cabinets are gradually added; laboratories and classrooms have been built more and more; have a system of records of teaching equipment management established; The work of inventorying and purifying teaching equipment periodically was also concerned. The movement of innovating teaching methods has made education managers and teachers more interested in using teaching equipment effectively. The positive management measures have caused many teachers to use teaching equipment as an integral part of the lesson, helping the quality of the lessons be increasingly improved to meet the requirements of changes. New teaching methods. Education administrators, teachers, teaching equipment staff are becoming more and more serious in teaching device management. However, the reality of teaching equipment management still reveals many limitations: The management of teaching equipment in schools is still administrative and ineffective. The equipment has no overall and detailed plans; The procurement of teaching equipment is not guaranteed in terms of quantity, lack of uniformity (some are redundant, some are lacking), quality is limited (durability, accuracy is not guaranteed, some new ones are not used); preservation still has many shortcomings; lack of specialized staff; lack of storage space or insufficient storage; lack of cabinets, prices, laboratories, subject classrooms; specially managing the use of teaching equipment is not tight; Many places teachers have not paid attention to use, ineffective use. The situation of “teaching vegetarianism” is still common, teaching equipment used is still movement, mostly used only in special cases such as competitions for good teachers, lectures or when there is a delegation check; There are many cases of information technology abuse in teaching. The effective use of teaching equipment oriented student capacity development is not much. The management of the use of teaching equipment oriented to develop student competencies in the current trend of Industry Revolution 4.0 is a matter of great concern to educational managers.Thus, the task of surveying the situation of managing the effective use of teaching equipment, finding subjective and objective reasons in order to propose measures to effectively manage the use of teaching equipment in the direction of developing students’ practical capacities and contributing to improving the quality of teaching in secondary schools in Dien Bien district, Dien Bien province is a very important and necessary task today.

Building research capacity and capabilities in Fiji: are we there yet?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
Jyotishna Mudaliar ◽  
Bridget Kool ◽  
Janice Natasha ◽  
Judith McCool
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Research Skills ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Access And Quality ◽  
The University ◽  
Local Investigator ◽  
Research Capacity Development

Introduction: A barrier to local investigator-led research in low income settings, is the limited availability of personnel with appropriate research skills or qualifications to conduct the type of research required for evidence-informed policy making to improve access and quality of health care. In response to this, Fiji National University’s College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences in Fiji, collaborated with academics based at the University of Auckland, New Zealand to deliver a series of research capacity development workshops in Fiji. Methods: Participants who attended any of the nine workshops (n=123) were contacted via email to take part in a brief survey regarding their perceptions of the effectiveness of the research capacity building workshops. Of the possible 123 participants, 80% (n=76) completed the questionnaire.  Results: Findings demonstrate that the majority of participants reported that they had gained research skills from the workshops (75%) including proposal development skills (68%) and knowledge of appropriate research methods (59%). Furthermore, 70% agreed that the workshops built their research confidence.  Since attending a workshop, 18% of respondents had successfully applied and received funding for research grants and/or fellowships.  Barriers to conduct research included workload (75%), lack of research knowledge, experience or skills (51%), and lack of institutional support (41%). Suggestions for future workshops included: more focus on data analysis, regular courses rather than ‘one offs’, and preparation of research findings (e.g. publications). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that research workshops of this nature may increase individual research capabilities but sustained, locally led initiatives, backed by institutional and supplementary technical support are essential.

Deterioration in the Water Quality of Groundwater in Some Municipal Water Extraction Plants in Finland

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
Pertti Lahermo ◽  
Jouko Parviainen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
The 1960S

In this study the changes in the quality of groundwater are described on the basis of material collected at some groundwater extraction plants situated mainly in urban areas. The causes of the marked increase in the content of dissolved solids are evaluated from the 1960s onwards.

Communicating about the brain in the digital era

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Robillard ◽  
Emily Wight
Keyword(s):  
Brain Health ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Participatory Communication ◽  
Health Decision Making ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Dissemination Of Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Science Community

Neuroscience communication is at a turning point, with tremendous opportunity for growth and democratization. The rise of the web and social media as platforms for dissemination of research findings and stakeholder engagement presents both unique opportunities and critical ethical considerations. Online- and mobile-based information and services for brain health may enhance the autonomy of users in health decision-making. However, nonadherence to ethical norms, such as informed consent and conflict of interest by digital content creators, may lead to harm. The challenges of communicating neuroscience in the digital era will require the rejection of the traditional top-down dissemination of research findings by the science community. Communicators must embrace participatory communication models, frame science in non-sensationalized, lay-friendly terms, improve the ethics of online resources and web users’ ability to assess the quality of information and source material, and educate scientists in the importance of transparency and public engagement.

scholarly journals AB0050 A NOVEL METHOD FOR ISOLATION OF EXOSOMES FROM SYNOVIAL FLUID

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1057.2-1057
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
Y. Huang ◽  
Q. Huang ◽  
S. Sun ◽  
Z. Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Protein Distribution ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Low Levels

Background:Exosomes in synovial fluid (SF) has a close relationship with the pathogenesis of rheumatiod arthritis. As a complex biological fluid, SF presents challenges for exosomes isolation using standard methods, such as ExoquickTM kit and ultracentrifugation.Objectives:The study aims to compared the quality of exosomes separated by ExoquickTM kit (TM), ExoquickTM kit+ExoquickTC kit (TM-TC), ultracentrifugation (UC) and TM-TC+UC(TM-TC-UC) from SF.Methods:Exosomes was separated by TM, TM-TC, UC and TM-TC-UC respectively. The size and concentrations of exosomes were detected by high sensitivity flow cytometry for nanoparticle analysis. Total protein and RNA were extracted from exosomes. SDS-PAGE was used to detect the protein distribution of exosomes. Western blot was used to examine the level of albumin and exosomes marker (TSG101 and CD81).Results:There was no statistic difference in the diameters of exosomes separated by the four methods. The concentrations of exosomes in TM, TM-TC, TM-TC-UC and UC were (5.65±0.93), (3.02±1.19), (1.67±0.25) and (4.61±0.73) *109Particles/mL. The protein concentrations of exosomes separated by the four methods were consistent with the concentrations of exosomes. SDS-PAGE showed that the protein distribution of exosomes separated by the four methods were different. Low levels of albumin were detected in TM-TC and TM-TC-UC, while high levels of albumin in TM and UC. Total RNA concentrations from exosomes in TM-TC was higher than other groups.Conclusion:TM-TC can be used to obtain higher quality exosomes from SF for the study of exosome-enriched components.References:[1]Helwa I, et al, A Comparative Study of Serum Exosome Isolation Using Differential Ultracentrifugation and Three Commercial Reagents. PloS one, 2017. 12(1): p. e0170628-e0170628.Figure 1.A: SDS-PAGE showed the protein distribution of exosomes; B: the detection of albumin, TSG101 and CD81 by western blot.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals The emergence of coercive federal Australian labour law, 1901–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 002218562110039
Author(s):  
Eugene Schofield-Georgeson
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Union Power ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Labour Legislation ◽  
Employment Legislation

Over the past two decades, industrial relations scholarship has observed a trend towards an increasingly punitive industrial environment along with the ‘re-regulation’ of labour law. Absent from much of this literature, however, has been an empirical and historical measurement or comparison of the scale and quality of this systemic change. By surveying coercive and penal federal industrial legislation over the period 1901–2020, this study shows empirically that over the last 40 years, there has been a steep increase in the amount of coercive federal labour legislation in Australia. It further measures and compares the volume of coercive labour legislation enacted specifically against ‘labour’ and ‘capital’ or both throughout the same period (1901–2020). Analysis reveals a correlation between a high volume of coercive labour legislation with low levels of trade union power and organisation. Argued here is that coercive labour legislation has been crucial to transitioning from a liberal conciliation and arbitration model of Australian industrial relations towards a neoliberal framework of employment legislation. In the former, regulation was more collective, informal and egalitarian (embodied by the sociological concept of ‘associative democracy’). Under a neoliberal framework, regulation is now more individualised, technical, punitive and rarely enforced, resulting in less equal material outcomes.

Nature and Nurture Lessons from Swedish Adoption Surveys

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bohman
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
World War ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Nature And Nurture ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

The following article by Professor Michael Bohman begins with a brief historical analysis of child development theory in relation to adoption and fostering after the end of the Second World War. The author goes on to review research findings from a series of Swedish adoption surveys which began under his supervision in the 1960s and continue to this day. Much attention is given to the significance of genetic and environmental factors towards shaping the development of adopted children into adulthood. Problems of social and psychological adjustment are discussed, as are the genetic aspects of criminality and alcohol misuse in a group of adult adopted people.

scholarly journals The effect of amino-acid-supplemented wheat gluten on cholesterol metabolism in the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bassat ◽  
S. Mokady
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Low Levels

1. The effect of lysine- and threonine-supplemented wheat gluten on cholesterol metabolism was studied using male weanling rats. Animals were fed on cholesterol-free diets containing 100 or 200 g gluten/kg with or without amino acid supplementation, and compared with animals given 50, 100 and 200 g casein/kg diets, for 3 weeks.2. A hypocholesterolaemic effect observed with the wheat gluten-fed rats, compared with the animals given 100 and 200 g casein/kg diets, was accompanied by increased turnover of cholesterol as expressed by enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis and increased faecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids. This effect was not abolished by lysine and threonine supplementation.3. Low levels of blood cholesterol were also observed in the rats fed on the 50 g casein/kg diet. However, a different mechanism, related to impairment of cholesterol transport from the liver, was most likely responsible for the hypocholesterolaemia found in these protein-malnourished animals.4. The effect on cholesterol metabolism produced by dietary wheat gluten was independent of the low quality of the protein and of its specific deficiency in lysine and threonine.

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