Experimental techniques for the determination of thermophysical properties to enhance chemical processes

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1769-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Richon
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Accurate Experimental Data

It is of utmost importance to have accurate experimental data available in order to develop accurate modeling for scientific and engineering purposes as it is emphasized through several herein-reported discussions with reknown scientists and engineers. Many methods are used to determine phase equilibria. Classification of the methods is not straightforward as several basic principles can be mixed in several different ways. In this paper, we have selected some techniques, developed in our laboratory, to illustrate one type of classification. Several apparatuses are described. The techniques where all phases are analyzed are very often preferred to those relying on partial determinations requiring data treatment through models. The internal analyses by means of spectroscopic or other in situ analysis techniques are not applicable every time. Then, sampling devices are necessary. Sampling devices must be reliable and lead to extract sample amounts small enough not to disturb the equilibrium under study. The ROLSI™ sampler developed at MINES ParisTech is a very powerful device allowing one to work up to 100 MPa, 850 K, with corrosive components and with samples from 1 μg to some mg. Applications of this sampler are described for fundamental research (phase equilibrium measurements) and industrial purposes (process control and monitoring).

scholarly journals Progress in Microanalysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Charles Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bulk Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Composition And Structure

Many researchers view microanalysis as the determination of composition and structure of individual phases at a spatial resolution of 1 μm or better. It is remarkable to me that much of what we know about the phases shown in equilibrium phase diagrams was determined using bulk analysis techniques like powder X-ray diffraction in combination with light microscopy of flat-polished sections of materials. The identities and amounts of phases were deduced from systematic experiments because there was no way to analyze micrometer-sized phases in situ.

scholarly journals CURRENT TRENDS OF THE USE OF ECO-MATERIALS IN THE DESIGN OF LIGHT INDUSTRY PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
K. L. Pashkevych ◽  
O. V. Kolosnichenko ◽  
A. M. Veklych ◽  
Т. А. Ovdіienko
Keyword(s):  
Practical Significance ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Color Palette ◽  
Current Trends

The purpose. Analysis of the basic directions of eco-design; development of classifications of eco-materials; determination of perspectives of their use in the design of the handbags. Methodology. The research is based on systematic analysis of eco-materials in clothes and in handbags, as well as on general methodology of clothes and accessories design. The methods of system-structural analysis and visual-analytical method are used at different stages of the research. Results. The basic principles of eco-design have been studied, the classification of eco-materials has been developed, the tendencies of using eco-materials in the design of handbags have been determined, the trends of fashion have been analyzed and the collection of handbags made of cork material has been created. The use of eco-materials in the design of light industry products makes it possible to obtain new aesthetic properties, thereby opening new opportunities for the development of the fashion industry. The use of eco-materials promotes for the development of new constructive techniques by the designers, for the creation of the latest technologies in fashion industry; it makes it possible to diversify the artistic solution of the costume and to improve its expressiveness. Scientific novelty. The regularities of formation of accessories collections in eco-style, as well as the basic hallmarks of style (color palette, accessories and furnishings) are determined. Practical significance. The collection of eco-style handbags with the use of cork material, based on current fashion trends, is developed.

The basic principles of the cadastral methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 974 (8) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
S.A. Atamanov
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Directed Graph ◽  
Basic Characteristic ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Characteristic Features

Cadastral activities, in addition to describing a property for the purpose of cadastral- and rights registration, include an algorithmically complex determination of the sequence of actions necessary to solve the matter. Their result is not only some prepared documentation, but the fact of bringing the description of the real estate and rights to it in accordance with reality, provided that the task of the interested person is completed. The subtype of real estate includes objects that possess certain basic characteristic features and can have definite situational ones. The classification of real estate on the basis of these features provides an opportunity to compare and formalize the requirements for implementation of cadastral works of disparate regulatory legal acts. The field regulating land-and-property relations is modeled as a directed graph, the arcs of which are assigned a direction depending on the type of the initial and final vertices

Die vererbte OHG-Beteiligung in der Nachlassinsolvenz der Erbengemeinschaft

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Hogrefe
Keyword(s):  
Legal Authority ◽  
Insolvency Proceeding ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
A Share

The paper examens the case of an insolvency proceeding of an estate under the condition that the inheritance contents a share in a partnership. The study shows the issues, which are related with the inheritance of a share in a partnership in general. This includes the allocation of profit claims, the liability for corporate obligations, the application of surrogation in rem, the classification of the compensation of heirs, which don’t follow in the membership, and the determination of the estate distribution. Based on this, the paper discusses the legal authority the insolvency administrator has regarding the management of the membership, taking into account the various basic principles, which exist in partnership law.

scholarly journals LABORATORY APPLICATIONS OF RADIOISOTOPIC TRACERS TO FOLLOW BEACH SEDIMENTS

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Norman E. Taney
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Height ◽  
Radioactive Tracer ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Beach Sediments ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Thames River

For many years coastal scientists and engineers have attempted to label sedimentary particles in order that their movement paths might be determined. Several attempts have been made at the Beach Erosion Board, none of which met with any measure of success. Furthermore, inherent in this system is an extensive sampling program and arduous identification of the labeled particles. Recently, however, the labeling of natural sediments or simulated sediments with radioisotopes as tracers has proved successful and a long sought goal has been achieved. The utilization of radioactive material as sediment tracers has increased during the approximately 10 years since its inception. Since the initial test in the Thames River^1' in England, the utilization of this technique has spread until it is practically worldwide!2""8^ In the main, the objectives of these tests have been qualitative, the determination of movement path and of sedimentation areas of the tracer material, and thus of the sediments, which are being followed. Labeling techniques have varied widely and involve plating or precipitating a thin film of radioactive material on the natural sediments, the utilization of glass containing a radioactive tracer to simulate the natural sediments, the incorporation of radioactive material within the natural sediments or within simulated sediments, and ion exchange between the natural sediments and tracer material. The means of detection have also varied broadly: Geiger-Mueller systems with one or several GM tubes in gangs, scintillation systems making use of pulse-height spectrometry, and autoradiographic techniques have all been used. The monitoring has varied also as sediment and tracer materials have been monitored in situ or samples have been taken and the monitoring accomplished in the laboratory. The staff of the Beach Erosion Board has been interested in this new application of radioisotopes since 1955. A literature survey was initiated at that time and is continuing at present. A feasibility study was completed in 1958 which indicated that radioisotopic tracers presented a new technique with which to study sediment transport. The report strongly recommended that studies be planned and executed utilizing this technique. In the Annual Bulletin of the Beach Erosion Board, 1960,^9'several test objectives and procedures were outlined.

INDIREKTE PAPIERCHROMATOGRAPHISCHE METHODE ZUR BESTIMMUNG DER HARNOESTROGENE

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kecskés ◽  
F. Mutschler ◽  
I. Glós ◽  
E. Thán ◽  
I. Farkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
List Type ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumour ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Phenol Fraction ◽  
Qualitative Determination

ABSTRACT 1. An indirect paperchromatographic method is described for separating urinary oestrogens; this consists of the following steps: acidic hydrolysis, extraction with ether, dissociation of phenol-fractions with partition between the solvents. Previous purification of phenol fraction with the aid of paperchromatography. The elution of oestrogen containing fractions is followed by acetylation. Oestrogen acetate is isolated by re-chromatography. The chromatogram was developed after hydrolysis of the oestrogens 'in situ' on the paper. The quantity of oestrogens was determined indirectly, by means of an iron-reaction, after the elution of the iron content of the oestrogen spot, which was developed by the Jellinek-reaction. 2. The method described above is satisfactory for determining urinary oestrogen, 17β-oestradiol and oestriol, but could include 16-epioestriol and other oestrogenic metabolites. 3. The sensitivity of the method is 1.3–1.6 μg/24 hours. 4. The quantitative and qualitative determination of urinary oestrogens with the above mentioned method was performed in 50 pregnant and 9 non pregnant women, and also in 2 patients with granulosa cell tumour.

Basic principles for classification of equipment of energy facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
E. P. Grabchak ◽  
A. I. Vorobyev ◽  
S. V. Mischeryakov
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principles

THE ESSENCE, THE NEED FOR EVALUATION AND TYPES OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF ENTERPRISES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olexandr Yemelyanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Development Assessment ◽  
State Of The Environment

The formation of business strategies of enterprises should be based on a preliminary assessment of their current and future economic opportunities. Such an assessment is to establish the value of the total economic potential of enterprises and its individual varieties. The purpose of this study was to clarify the essence of the economic potential of enterprises, justify the need for its evaluation and selection of its types. The main approaches to interpreting the terms "potential" and "enterprise potential" are identified. These include resource, result, resource-result, resource-target, and result-target concepts. It is established that the potential of any object, including the enterprise, can be interpreted as a set of its external functional properties, which this object shows or can show in a certain state of the environment in which it is located. Accordingly, the assessment of the potential of an object should be based on the identification and determination of its external properties, taking into account the environment in which the object is located. The main situations in which there is a need for information about certain components of the economic potential of the enterprise are identified, and the types of this potential and the consumers of the information about their level, corresponding to these situations, are determined. In particular, such situations include management of production and sales, management of financial and economic results of the enterprise, management of enterprise development, assessment of the company's need for various types of resources, assessment of enterprise value, assessment of current and future impact of the enterprise on the economy of the country (region), etc. The features of classification of types of enterprise potential existing in the scientific literature are supplemented by the following ones: by the main types of economic activity, by the dynamics of changes in the economic and production system of the enterprise, by consequences for the subject of enterprise potential assessment, by the stages of economic activity, enterprise potential, etc. The obtained results make it possible to improve the understanding of the complex patterns that underlie the formation of the economic potential of enterprises.

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