scholarly journals Synergistic interaction of education, science, and industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Vladimir Klimuk ◽  
Anna Tarasova ◽  
Kuznetsova Yulia ◽  
Dzhabrailova Laura
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Model ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Science Park ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Education Science ◽  
Economic Modernization

Abstract Economic and social development of a country rely on advanced science and technology, skilled, educated workforce, extensive growth of innovation and population density. The process of innovation creation can be long and winding and should take into account the needs of technological development and definitely bring benefits to business. The concept of a science park has not been new. The United States of America were pioneers who in early 1950s suggested a brand new model for bridging the gap between academia and industry. Nowadays developed countries employ that model, though its objectives, funds, inputs and outcomes may vary. This paper will focus of the issue of real interaction of institutions of education, science and industry and will raise a number of controversial issues in the correction of the vector for socio-economic modernization. The authors analyzed a set of legislation acts on regulating the cooperation of academia and business. The paper gives a graphical model of reciprocity of institutions of education, science, and industry taking into account the interests of public authorities, and offers a set of additional indicators of evaluation of the efficiency of functioning of an innovation structure in the country (region).

scholarly journals Science Intensity of the Business Sector in Russia: An Analysis and Development Proposals

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-448
Author(s):  
Irina E. Ilina ◽  
Elena N. Zharova
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Customer Model ◽  
Science Intensity

Introduction. In the context of global competition between intellectual industries and building transnational structures that ensure socio-economic development, joining the world’s top 5 most innovative economies is possible only in case of increasing the science intensity of the business sector of the economy. Based on the results of the study conducted, the article gives an analysis of the industry average values of the costs of enterprises for research and development (R&D) in economically developed countries and outlines proposals for achieving a similar level of costs for such work in Russia. Materials and Methods. The study used data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development international statistical database, those from Rosstat, and reports from companies implementing innovative development programs. The results of the implementation of the programs for innovative development of Russian state corporations were evaluated. The study employed the methods of economic analysis, comparison, generalization, induction, and deduction. Results. On the basis of the study conducted, the authors have proposed recommendations for bringing the R&D costs to the level of the industry average values in economically developed countries. The authors have also proposed to secure the coefficients of the R&D costs corresponding to those in countries leading in innovative development in the programs of innovative development of organizations, taking into account the industry specifics. The authors have recommended introduction of such tools that ensure the achievement of the level of investment expenditures in R&D of economically developed countries, as the “qualified customer” model and the innovation voucher. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the results of the analysis performed, a conclusion has been drawn that not all state corporations fully implement the assigned tasks. In order to ensure the technological development of the country, a number of federal executive bodies have been implementing a set of measures which lack synchronization. The results of this study can be used by public authorities when making managerial decisions in research and development.

Technological Breakthrough in the Modern Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
N. I. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level

The subject of the researchis factors accelerating the technological development of the country.The relevance of the subject is due to the low level of innovation activities in the Russian economy and high dependence on technology imports in a number of the most important manufacturing and mining industries while a number of government programs to promote innovation do not yield the expected results. The implementation of the goals for accelerating the economic development and Russia’s entry into the top five largest world economies based on the technological breakthrough set forth in the May presidential decrees requires taking into account the real technological trends in the largest economies.The purpose of the researchwas to show that the modern technological development requires building a research base for business, especially for large companies, which is in line with provisions of the economic theory developed by a number of economists from J. Schumpeter to P. Romer who substantiated the special role of business research and development under the support of the state. It is empirically proven that it is the high level of R&D expenditures that distinguishes developed countries from those less developed. The paper analyzes the scope and sectoral structure of the R&D carried out by large leading-edge corporations. The statistical data related to technological leaders and other high-tech companies was used in the research. The data was supplemented by patent statistics. The specific features of the growing technological competition between the United States and China were considered.

The Washington Consensus, liberal ideas and terms of the military-technological policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2103-2123
Author(s):  
V.L. Gladyshevskii ◽  
E.V. Gorgola ◽  
D.V. Khudyakov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
The Military

Subject. In the twentieth century, the most developed countries formed a permanent military economy represented by military-industrial complexes, which began to perform almost a system-forming role in national economies, acting as the basis for ensuring national security, and being an independent military and political force. The United States is pursuing a pronounced militaristic policy, has almost begun to unleash a new "cold war" against Russia and to unwind the arms race, on the one hand, trying to exhaust the enemy's economy, on the other hand, to reindustrialize its own economy, relying on the military-industrial complex. Objectives. We examine the evolution, main features and operational distinctions of the military-industrial complex of the United States and that of the Russian Federation, revealing sources of their military-technological and military-economic advancement in comparison with other countries. Methods. The study uses military-economic analysis, scientific and methodological apparatus of modern institutionalism. Results. Regulating the national economy and constant monitoring of budget financing contribute to the rise of military production, especially in the context of austerity and crisis phenomena, which, in particular, justifies the irrelevance of institutionalists' conclusions about increasing transaction costs and intensifying centralization in the industrial production management with respect to to the military-industrial complex. Conclusions. Proving to be much more efficient, the domestic military-industrial complex, without having such access to finance as the U.S. military monopolies, should certainly evolve and progress, strengthening the coordination, manageability, planning, maximum cost reduction, increasing labor productivity, and implementing an internal quality system with the active involvement of the State and its resources.

On the prospects of application of nanostructured heterophase polyfunctional composite materials inengine building industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
O. B. Silchenko ◽  
M. V. Siluyanova ◽  
V. Е. Nizovtsev ◽  
D. A. Klimov ◽  
A. A. Kornilov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Nanostructured Composite ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Long Operation ◽  
Prospects Of Application

The paper gives a brief review of properties and applications of developed extra-hard nanostructured composite materials and coatings based on them. The presentresearch suggestsaerospace applications of nanostructured composite materials based on carbides, carbonitrides and diboridesof transition and refractory metals. To improve the technical and economic performance of gas turbine engines, it is advisable to use new composite structural materials whose basic physicomechanical properties are several times superior to traditional ones. The greatest progress in developing new composites should be expected in the area of materials created on the basis of polymer, metal, intermetallic and ceramic matrices. Currently components and assemblies of gas turbine engines and multiple lighting power units with long operation life and durability will vigorously develop. Next-generation composites are studied in all developed countries, primarily in the United States and Japan.

Operation of a hyperbaric oxygen therapy center in Korea: Report of our experience from a setting in its nascent stages

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Yoon Seop Kim ◽  
Yoonsuk Lee ◽  
Sun Ju Kim ◽  
Sung Oh Hwang ◽  
Yong Sung Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Hyperbaric Medicine ◽  
Therapy Center ◽  
Hbo2 Therapy

Purpose: Hyperbaric medicine is nascent in Korea when compared to other developed countries, such as the United States and Japan. Our facility has been managed by physicians with certifications from the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in diving and clinical diseases since October 2016. This study was conducted to share similar issues that are encountered during the establishment of a program in a new area through our experiences in the operation of a hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy center. Methods: In this retrospective observational study we collected data on HBO2 patients treated at our center between October 2016 and June 2018 after HBO2 was conducted by HBO2-certified physicians. We then compared demographic data of patients with data from January 2011 to September 2015 – before HBO2 operations were conducted by HBO2-certified physicians. Result: A total of 692 patients received 5,130 treatments. Twelve indicated diseases were treated using HBO2 therapy. Fifty-six critically ill patients with intubation received HBO2. Although two patients experienced seizure due to oxygen toxicity during the study period, certified physicians and inside attendant took immediate corrective action. Conclusion: After the establishment of the HBO2 center operated by physicians with certification, more patients, including critically ill patients, received HBO2 safely for various diseases. In order to improve the practice of hyperbaric medicine in Korea, the Korean Academy of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine (KAUHM), an advanced and well-organized academic society, should communicate often with HBO2 centers, with the aim to set Korean education programs at UHMS course levels and increase reimbursement for HBO2 therapy.

The Rise and Fall of Great Powers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Lundestad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Modernization

There are no laws in history. Realists, liberals, and others are both right and wrong. Although no one can be certain that military incidents may not happen, for the foreseeable future China and the United States are unlikely to favor major war. They have cooperated well for almost four decades now. China is likely to continue to focus on its economic modernization. It has far to go to measure up to the West. The American-Chinese economies are still complementary. A conflict with the United States or even with China’s neighbors would have damaging repercussions for China’s economic goals. The United States is so strong that it would make little sense for China to take it on militarily. There are also other deterrents against war, from nuclear weapons to emerging norms about international relations. It is anybody’s guess what will happen after the next few decades. History indicates anything is possible.

Rethinking Racial Justice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Valls
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Equality ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
Black Institutions ◽  
American Society ◽  
Racial Lines

American society continues to be characterized by deep racial inequality that is a legacy of slavery and Jim Crow. What does justice demand in response? In this book, Andrew Valls argues that justice demands quite a lot—the United States has yet to fully reckon with its racial past, or to confront its ongoing legacies. Valls argues that liberal values and principles have far-reaching implications in the context of the deep injustices along racial lines in American society. In successive chapters, the book takes on such controversial issues as reparations, memorialization, the fate of black institutions and communities, affirmative action, residential segregation, the relation between racial inequality and the criminal justice system, and the intersection of race and public schools. In all of these contexts, Valls argues that liberal values of liberty and equality require profound changes in public policy and institutional arrangements in order to advance the cause of racial equality. Racial inequality will not go away on its own, Valls argues, and past and present injustices create an obligation to address it. But we must rethink some of the fundamental assumptions that shape mainstream approaches to the problem, particularly those that rely on integration as the primary route to racial equality.

Australia—The Hidden Jewel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Joshi ◽  
J.R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Disease

The twenty-first century is being touted as the Asian century. With its stable economy, good governance, education system, and above all the abundant natural resources, will Australia to take its place in the global economy by becoming more entrepreneurial and accelerating its rate of growth, or will it get infected with the so-called Dutch disease? It has been successful in managing trade ties with fast-developing economies like China and India as well as developed countries like the United States. It has participated in the growth of China by providing iron ore and coal. Because it is a low-risk country, it has enabled inflow of large foreign capital investments. A lot will depend on its capability and willingness to invest the capital available in entrepreneurial ventures, its ability to capture the full value chain of natural resources, and to export the finished products instead of raw materials, while building a robust manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals States, firms, and security: How private actors implement sanctions, lessons learned from the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Francesco Giumelli ◽  
Michal Onderco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The United States ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Private Actors

Abstract While the current practice of the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, and the United States leans towards imposing only targeted sanctions in most of the cases, private actors often complain about inability to process financial transactions, ship goods, or deliver services in countries where sanctions targets are located. The impact of sanctions often ends up being widespread and indiscriminate because sanctions are implemented by for-profit actors. This article investigates how for-profit actors relate to the imposition of sanctions, how they reflect them in their decisions, and how they interact with the public authorities. The findings of our research show that for-profit actors, with the possible exception of the largest multinationals, do not engage with public authorities before the imposition of sanctions. The behaviour of for-profit actors in the implementation phase is in line with the assumption of firms and business as profit-maximisers. Weighting the profits from business against the costs of (non-)compliance and make the decisions that in their view maximise their profit. Indeed, de-risking seems to be the most common approach by the companies due to the uncertainties produced by the multiple and overlapping sanctions regimes imposed by the United Nations, the European Union, and the United States.

County Poverty, Urban–Rural Classification, and the Causes of Term Infant Death

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492199916
Author(s):  
Yousra A. Mohamoud ◽  
Russell S. Kirby ◽  
Deborah B. Ehrenthal
Keyword(s):  
Infant Death ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
County Poverty ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Poverty Levels

Objective Higher mortality among full-term infants (term infant deaths) contributes to disparities in infant mortality between the United States and other developed countries. We examined differences in the causes of term infant deaths across county poverty levels and urban–rural classification to understand underlying mechanisms through which these factors may act. Methods We linked period birth/infant death files for 2012-2015 with US Census poverty estimates and county urban–rural classifications. We grouped the causes of term infant deaths as sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI), congenital malformations, perinatal conditions, and all other causes. We computed the distribution and relative risk of overall and cause-specific term infant mortality rates (term IMRs) per 1000 live births and 95% CIs for county-level factors. Results The increase in term IMR across county poverty and urban–rural classification was mostly driven by an increase in the rate of SUDI. The relative risk of term infant deaths as a result of SUDI was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.5-1.8) times higher in medium-poverty counties and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.2-2.5) times higher in high-poverty counties than in low-poverty counties. Cause-specific IMRs of congenital malformations, perinatal conditions, and death from other causes did not differ by county poverty level. We found similar trends across county urban–rural classification. Sudden infant death syndrome was the main cause of SUDI across both county poverty levels and urban–rural classifications, followed by unknown causes and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed. Conclusions Interventions aimed at reducing SUDI, particularly in high-poverty and rural areas, could have a major effect on reducing term IMR disparities between the United States and other developed countries.

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