scholarly journals Science Intensity of the Business Sector in Russia: An Analysis and Development Proposals

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-448
Author(s):  
Irina E. Ilina ◽  
Elena N. Zharova
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Customer Model ◽  
Science Intensity

Introduction. In the context of global competition between intellectual industries and building transnational structures that ensure socio-economic development, joining the world’s top 5 most innovative economies is possible only in case of increasing the science intensity of the business sector of the economy. Based on the results of the study conducted, the article gives an analysis of the industry average values of the costs of enterprises for research and development (R&D) in economically developed countries and outlines proposals for achieving a similar level of costs for such work in Russia. Materials and Methods. The study used data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development international statistical database, those from Rosstat, and reports from companies implementing innovative development programs. The results of the implementation of the programs for innovative development of Russian state corporations were evaluated. The study employed the methods of economic analysis, comparison, generalization, induction, and deduction. Results. On the basis of the study conducted, the authors have proposed recommendations for bringing the R&D costs to the level of the industry average values in economically developed countries. The authors have also proposed to secure the coefficients of the R&D costs corresponding to those in countries leading in innovative development in the programs of innovative development of organizations, taking into account the industry specifics. The authors have recommended introduction of such tools that ensure the achievement of the level of investment expenditures in R&D of economically developed countries, as the “qualified customer” model and the innovation voucher. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the results of the analysis performed, a conclusion has been drawn that not all state corporations fully implement the assigned tasks. In order to ensure the technological development of the country, a number of federal executive bodies have been implementing a set of measures which lack synchronization. The results of this study can be used by public authorities when making managerial decisions in research and development.

Assessment of the Volume of State Funding for the Development of Biomedicine in Russia and in the USA

Acta Naturae ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
A. N. Petrov ◽  
N. G. Kurakova
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Russian Medical ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

This article demonstrates that Russias funding for research and development is less than 2.5 % of global funding, whereas the amount of financing of just three countries, the USA, China, and Japan amounts to 50%. It is argued that the inadequacy of Russias domestic financing for the development of the science sector vis a vis that of developed countries allows the country to prioritize only a limited number of research fields in its scientific and technological development. We have compared and contrasted expenditures on research and development in biomedicine in the USA and Russia. It has been demonstrated that in 2014, basic funding for 27 research centers included in the US National Health Institutes network exceeded the amount of financing for 104 Russian medical scientific and research institutes subordinated to the Russian Ministry of Health and Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations by 173 times. We have concluded that a substantial increase in state funding for fundamental, exploratory, and applied research in the field of biomedicine is required if life sciences are to be preserved as one of the priorities in the scientific-technological and social development of Russia. It is also necessary to eliminate all administrative and tax barriers that prevent active participation of domestic industrial entities in the co-financing of the development of Russian drugs and medical equipment.

scholarly journals CONSULTING IN INCREASING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Natalia Yevtushenko ◽  
Anatoliy Salo
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of the article is to study economic phenomena and processes in Ukraine in order to substantiate the need to intensify innovative activity on its territory and to search for promising opportunities to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises during the political and economic crisis. Measurement of the level of innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises was carried out using data for a nine-year period of time (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019). Methodology. The use of economic, abstract and logical research methods through methods of analysis, synthesis and graphical presentation made it possible to assess the level of innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises for the main international rating and macroeconomic indicators. Results. The content of the concept of “innovative activity” was clarified, which made it possible to highlight the main directions of innovative development of enterprises in the country. A methodology for conducting a step-by-step assessment of the level of innovative development of enterprises in Ukraine through the criteria that determine the profile of the National Innovation System of Ukraine is proposed. According to the results of the assessment, it has been found that during the analysed period, Ukraine’s positions in The Global Competitiveness Index in the context of individual rating indicators do not have stability and are positioned at the level of underdeveloped countries. At the macroeconomic level of Ukraine, this is confirmed by the annual decrease in the part of expenses for the implementation of innovative developments in the structure of GDP expenditures to a critically low level. In the process of assessing the costs of performing innovative developments by type of work, it has been found that the most funded type in Ukraine is scientific and technical (experimental) developments. Practical implications. The results of the assessment confirm the drop in the level of innovative activity of Ukrainian enterprises, the low efficiency of the National Innovation System, and explain the passive role of the state and the further lag of the country in technological development from the developed countries of the world. In such conditions, there is the need to attract consulting companies to increase innovative activity. Value/originality. A methodology for assessing the level of innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises has been formed according to the results of which it is proposed to use consulting as an effective tool of the National Innovation System in order to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises.

scholarly journals Features of the infocommunication infrastructure development management mecha-nism

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
Yuriy O. Kolotov ◽  
Irina O. Yablochnikova
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Status ◽  
High Level

In the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the total digitalization of socio-economic processes in society, research related to the development and justification of effective mechanisms for managing the innovative development of modern infocommunication infrastructure and ensuring a high level of efficiency of the practical application of infocommunication technologies (ICT) is relevant. The most important feature of the evolution of such infrastructure and the ICTs themselves is their significant correlation with the totality of processes carried out in the global and national economies. In fact, ICTs play the role of a catalyst for the above-mentioned global and local processes, predetermine the pace of scientific and technological progress. An analysis of the achievements of a number of economically developed countries over the past few decades indicates that the state of a single national economy and the dynamics of its processes directly depend on the pace of introduction of modern means of communication and telecommunications, computer networks, data centers and other innovations into all spheres. In connection with the above, a number of global problems and local tasks arise regarding not only the adequate determination of the necessary level of development of the infocommunication infrastructure, due to the formation of new socio-economic realities, and forecasting the likely consequences of intensive use of ICT tools in various fields of activity, but also the formation of mechanisms for managing innovative development. These mechanisms should be effective and efficient in achieving the relevant management objectives. The article pays attention to a number of aspects and features of the mechanism proposed by the authors for managing the development of the infocommunication infrastructure for the formation of the digital economy and the information society as a whole. This mechanism is based on the practical application of specific methodological tools that allow monitoring the status and potential of the infocommunication infrastructure through a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the introduction of ICT. The mechanism developed by the authors for managing the development of the infocommunication infrastructure will allow public authorities to specify the strategy and tactics of forming the foundations of the digital economy and the information society as a whole.

scholarly journals Synergistic interaction of education, science, and industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Vladimir Klimuk ◽  
Anna Tarasova ◽  
Kuznetsova Yulia ◽  
Dzhabrailova Laura
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Model ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Science Park ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Education Science ◽  
Economic Modernization

Abstract Economic and social development of a country rely on advanced science and technology, skilled, educated workforce, extensive growth of innovation and population density. The process of innovation creation can be long and winding and should take into account the needs of technological development and definitely bring benefits to business. The concept of a science park has not been new. The United States of America were pioneers who in early 1950s suggested a brand new model for bridging the gap between academia and industry. Nowadays developed countries employ that model, though its objectives, funds, inputs and outcomes may vary. This paper will focus of the issue of real interaction of institutions of education, science and industry and will raise a number of controversial issues in the correction of the vector for socio-economic modernization. The authors analyzed a set of legislation acts on regulating the cooperation of academia and business. The paper gives a graphical model of reciprocity of institutions of education, science, and industry taking into account the interests of public authorities, and offers a set of additional indicators of evaluation of the efficiency of functioning of an innovation structure in the country (region).

Trends And Characteristics Of Innovation World And Russian Economy

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Prigulnyy
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Growth Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

Innovative development of Russia is explored in the article as a complex process that reflects the latest trends in the production, stockpiling and use of modern knowledge, priorities of scientific and technological development, changes in the structure and dynamics of the financing, development and implementation of innovative technologies in the public research centers, universities and private sector companies economy, formation of research and innovation policies aimed at making the research and preparation for the future of innovation sphere. The problem is to organize support the positive dynamics of the innovation process. The solution is possible based on the integration efforts of the Russian society to create a system of technological and socio-economic forecasting, select sources of funding long-term priorities of fundamental and applied science, education for constructive solutions to the problems facing Russia. In line with the above priorities, the author examined the key factors that characterize tendenuiyu accelerate the innovative development of the Russian economy: the global growth of knowledge-intensive production of gross domestic product, the priorities of the state scientific and technical policy of the most economically developed countries, strategies for high-tech business leaders.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE-INVESTMENT BASES FOR SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оlena Garashchuk ◽  
Vira Kutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The article notes that in modern conditions, an important direction of ensuring socio-economic development is its transition to innovative models, which should cover all reproduction processes. Ukraine proclaimed a course on innovative development. However, in terms of the coefficient of innovative development, our country is significantly behind not only highly developed countries, but also from Poland and the Baltic countries. And, unfortunately, this gap is growing. The authors cite the reasons for this situation, in particular the lack of a national innovation system in Ukraine. The article presents the dynamics of indicators characterizing the processes of development and implementation of innovative products. Among them are goods, services, technological processes and the like. The presence of a significant differentiation of indicators characterizing the level of innovative activity, namely: from 55.7% among enterprises in the field of pharmaceutical products and preparations to 3.3% in the field of water supply, sewage, waste management, is emphasized. Considerable attention is paid to the disclosure of factors that can ensure the transformation of Ukraine into a high-tech society based on an innovative model. This should be facilitated by the availability of appropriate resources, including human resources. It is noted that in Ukraine the number of workers who are engaged in research and development is decreasing. And this trend is characteristic of almost all branches of science, except for medical ones. The greatest decline is characteristic of the technical branches of science, which, of course, negatively affects the introduction of an innovative model of socio-economic development. A negative indicator in this context is the deterioration of the age structure of researchers: the number of employees involved in the implementation of scientific research and development under the age of 25 is quite low and high enough at the age of 65 and older. This is a threat to the intellectual continuity of generations, the loss of scientific schools, the scientific and personnel potential of the country. Improving the material and technical and personnel component of innovation, in turn, requires further strengthening of the financial and investment potential, which can be achieved not only by increasing the state budget for these purposes, but also by attracting funds from outside and by effectively managing the use of existing financial resources.

scholarly journals MECHANISM OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD AND FUNDAMENTALS FOR ITS CREATION IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Inna Barbanova
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Education Science

In today's world, one of the important indicators of each country is the mechanism of its innovative development. It is proved that countries with stable and developed economic system, high standard of living, education, science and business sector have created and regulated a mechanism of innovative development. In order to create, launch and effectively operate the mechanism of innovative development in Ukraine, it is necessary to create favorable conditions while applying world experience and taking into account its capabilities and features.  The article considers the content of the concept of "innovation development mechanism", identifies and analyzes the ten leading countries according to the Global Innovation Index 2019, highlights the main factors of influence of each country that have become key and common elements in successfully achieving innovation at the national level. The state and the business sector have given effective cooperation and interaction. The availability and sufficiency of resources for the creation of a mechanism of innovative development in Ukraine are studied, the main elements are identified and the scheme of interaction of these elements of innovative development is developed.

scholarly journals About Problems and Prospects of Humanities and Humanitarian Education in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
O. V. Vorobieva
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Basic Program ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Economic Understanding ◽  
Nature And Society

The article presents reflections on the problems and prospects of humanities and humanitarian education in Russia, taking into account the basic program documents of the Russian state in the field of science and education. The author believes that in these documents the so-called social and humanitarian aspects characterizing functioning of science and innovations are insufficiently thought out. Meanwhile, these aspects reveal a powerful conglomerate of problems and opportunities – from the use of social and cultural knowledge as one of the sources of creativity and innovation, to the the implementation of forecasts and foresight, expert perception of development scenarios and managerial decisions, identifying risks and consequences in the process of increasing influence of science on nature, society and man, formation of value orientations and educational prospects. It is noted that in this situation it is very important to move away from a predominantly technocratic and economic understanding of the priorities and results of the scientific and technological development of Russia for a historical perspective, to avoid reducing information about the progress of a person, society, and the state to technological and economic criteria; to recognize a special status of Humanities, social sciences, and education as the most important resource confronting the technologically accelerated destruction of nature and society, to view them as a factor of cognition, dialogue and management.

scholarly journals The path of catching and the path of innovative development: what will Russia choose?

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-752
Author(s):  
Elena B. Zavyalova ◽  
Ekaterina I. Shumskaia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Past Half Century

Over the past half century, global GDP growth has been exceptionally rapid, helped by significant labor force growth and increased labor productivity. Employment growth from 1964 to 2014 decreased from 1.7 to 0.3 % per year. Over the past 20 years, overall productivity growth in OECD countries has also slowed significantly. However, the introduction of digital technology is already changing the picture for the better in developed countries. Therefore, achieving the desired economic growth is seen in increasing labor productivity through the active development and implementation of key technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, but with the need to effectively redistribute existing resources within countries, both developed and developing. As a hypothesis, the thesis was put forward on the need for scientific and technological development as the main answer to the challenges of our time with the aim of further growth and development of the Russian economy. However, the study proved that in modern conditions the main solution for Russia is a more efficient distribution of existing factors of production and, as a result, economic activity. At the same time, further technological and innovative development is necessary from the point of view of long-term economic growth, since the catch-up path has its own logical limit.

scholarly journals Scientific and technological determinants of innovation development strategy

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-23
Author(s):  
Vladimir Alexeevich Eliseev
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
National Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The subject content of the work is domestic innovative development, the theme – scientific and technological aspects, and purpose – consideration of the determinants of the current Strategy until 2020 and prospective one – anticipated Strategy until 2030. The Methodology of work is the application of elements of system analysis (taken and expected government decisions) in the field of innovation research and technological development relating to directions, outcomes, determinants, indicators, challenges and priorities. The research is based on the general scientific method (problem statement, information-analytical generalizations, classification and analogies, analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive approach). The results of the work consist in the formulation of scientific and technological determinants of innovative development. The application scope of the results is the strategy of innovative development until 2030. Conclusion. The strategy of innovative development until 2020 takes into account the bases of strategic planning and scientific and technological development of the country, the selected model and the tempos of innovative development take into account the world experience and domestic characteristics, aimed at parity-adapted integration into the world economy, contribute to reducing the retardation from developed countries. Step-by-step formulation of scientific and technological determinants of innovation Strategy until 2030 can be expected from the discussed draft Program «Scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation for 2019–2030». For comparative and analytical clarification of the development model (within the framework of the Strategy until 2030), it is important to display its innovative characteristics (scientific and technical novelty, satisfaction of market demand, tradability) against the background of global trends and projected features of the «road map» of the new technological mode. At the same time, the scientific and technological determinants of innovative development will definitely remain trans-parently oriented priority areas for the development of science, technology and technology, critical technologies and technological platforms. In addition, due to the multiplicative role of attracted investments in the growth of national income and employment, it seems promising to continue to remove obstacles to the development of public-private partnerships; although, in order to increase the level of technological development of the private sector and change for the better the unsatisfactory financing of R&D by business, in the foreseeable future, limited state protectionism is intended to initiate demand for innovations.

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