scholarly journals IGSF11 is required for pericentric heterochromatin dissociation during meiotic diplotene

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009778
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Gengzhen Zhu ◽  
An Yan ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Pericentric Heterochromatin ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Testicular Cell ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
Fluorescent Reporter ◽  
Late Pachytene

Meiosis initiation and progression are regulated by both germ cells and gonadal somatic cells. However, little is known about what genes or proteins connecting somatic and germ cells are required for this regulation. Our results show that deficiency for adhesion molecule IGSF11, which is expressed in both Sertoli cells and germ cells, leads to male infertility in mice. Combining a new meiotic fluorescent reporter system with testicular cell transplantation, we demonstrated that IGSF11 is required in both somatic cells and spermatogenic cells for primary spermatocyte development. In the absence of IGSF11, spermatocytes proceed through pachytene, but the pericentric heterochromatin of nonhomologous chromosomes remains inappropriately clustered from late pachytene onward, resulting in undissolved interchromosomal interactions. Hi-C analysis reveals elevated levels of interchromosomal interactions occurring mostly at the chromosome ends. Collectively, our data elucidates that IGSF11 in somatic cells and germ cells is required for pericentric heterochromatin dissociation during diplotene in mouse primary spermatocytes.

scholarly journals Spermatogenesis and spermiogenisis in the testes of local Iraqi breed cat (Felis catus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
AL-Samarrae N. S.
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Type I ◽  
Nuclear Chromatin ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Type B ◽  
Secondary Spermatocyte ◽  
Spherical Nuclei

The seminiferous epithelium of the testes of cat consists of two groups of cells; Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells. The interstitial areas are filled with Leydic cells, blood and lymph vessels, and connective tissue. Germ cells in the Spermatogenic process of the testis of cat can be classified into ten steps, based on the pattern degree of nuclear chromatin condensation. Primary spermatogonia contain large spherical nuclei with mostly euchromatin. Spermatogonia proliferate to give rise to spermatogonia type –A; Intermediate or type-I spermatogonia, and spermatogonia type-B. Type–B spermatogonia yield primary spermatocyte at the end of mitosis. The primary spermatocyte is transformed into secondary spermatocyte during meiosis I. These cells are converted into spermatid during meiosis II. Metamorphosis of spermatids shows: Golgi step, Cap step, Acrosomal step, Maturation step.

scholarly journals Expression Analysis ofGnrh1andGnrhr1in Spermatogenic Cells of Rat

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Ciaramella ◽  
Rosanna Chianese ◽  
Paolo Pariante ◽  
Silvia Fasano ◽  
Riccardo Pierantoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Myoid Cells ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
The Past ◽  
Expression Rate ◽  
Sperm Functions

Hypothalamic Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH),viaGnRH receptor (GnRHR), is the main actor in the control of reproduction, in that it induces the biosynthesis and the release of pituitary gonadotropins, which in turn promote steroidogenesis and gametogenesis in both sexes. Extrabrain functions of GnRH have been extensively described in the past decades and, in males, local GnRH activity promotes the progression of spermatogenesis and sperm functions at several levels. The canonical localization ofGnrh1andGnrhr1mRNA is Sertoli and Leydig cells, respectively, but ligand and receptor are also expressed in germ cells. Here, we analysed the expression rate ofGnrh1andGnrhr1in rat testis (180 days old) by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and byin situhybridization we localizedGnrh1andGnrhr1mRNA in different spermatogenic cells of adult animals. Our data confirm the testicular expression ofGnrh1and ofGnrhr1in somatic cells and provide evidence that their expression in the germinal compartment is restricted to haploid cells. In addition, not only Sertoli cells connected to spermatids in the last steps of maturation but also Leydig and peritubular myoid cells expressGnrh1.

Differential expression of acidic cytokeratins 18 and 19 during sexual differentiation of the rat gonad

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-517
Author(s):  
V. Fridmacher ◽  
O. Locquet ◽  
S. Magre
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Testicular Differentiation

The expression of cytokeratins (CKs) 8, 18 and 19 was analyzed in male and female rat gonads from the undifferentiated stage (12.5 days of gestation) until two weeks after birth by indirect immunofluorescence, using specific monoclonal antibodies anti-CK 8 (LE41), anti-CK 19 (LP2K) and anti-CK 18 (LE65 and RGE53). In the undifferentiated blastema, the somatic cells were stained for CK 8 and CK 19, whereas no detectable immunoreactivity for CK 18 was obtained. The same staining CK pattern was observed in ovaries, in the somatic cells of ovigerous cords and in primary follicles. The staining was progressively decreasing in growing follicles after one week after birth. At the onset of testicular differentiation, when the first Sertoli cells differentiate in the gonad of 13.5-day old male fetuses, positive staining for CK 18 became evident, in addition to CK 8 and CK 19 expression. In the following days, CK 8, CK 18 and CK 19 were detected in Sertoli cells in the differentiating seminiferous cords, but progressively the reactivity for CK 19 decreased and was no longer observed after 18.5-19.5 days of gestation. In all cases, CKs were found to be coexpressed with vimentin, and germ cells were negative for both vimentin and CKs. The results reported here show first, that CKs are expressed before sexual differentiation in gonadal blastema in which no epithelial organization is observed, and second, that there is a CK 18/CK 19 shift in expression during morphogenesis of the testis which is not observed in the differentiating ovary. Future studies will have to determine whether these differences in CK expression are due to epitope-masking phenomena or to the regulation of CK synthesis.

scholarly journals Androgen Receptor Roles in Spermatogenesis and Fertility: Lessons from Testicular Cell-Specific Androgen Receptor Knockout Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruey-Sheng Wang ◽  
Shuyuan Yeh ◽  
Chii-Ruey Tzeng ◽  
Chawnshang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Myoid Cells ◽  
Testicular Cell ◽  
Male Phenotype ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Androgens are critical steroid hormones that determine the expression of the male phenotype, including the outward development of secondary sex characteristics as well as the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis. Their actions are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. AR functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor, regulating expression of an array of androgen-responsive genes. Androgen and the AR play important roles in male spermatogenesis and fertility. The recent generation and characterization of male total and conditional AR knockout mice from different laboratories demonstrated the necessity of AR signaling for both external and internal male phenotype development. As expected, the male total AR knockout mice exhibited female-typical external appearance (including a vagina with a blind end and a clitoris-like phallus), the testis was located abdominally, and germ cell development was severely disrupted, which was similar to a human complete androgen insensitivity syndrome or testicular feminization mouse. However, the process of spermatogenesis is highly dependent on autocrine and paracrine communication among testicular cell types, and the disruption of AR throughout an experimental animal cannot answer the question about how AR in each type of testicular cell can play roles in the process of spermatogenesis. In this review, we provide new insights by comparing the results of cell-specific AR knockout in germ cells, peritubular myoid cells, Leydig cells, and Sertoli cells mouse models that were generated by different laboratories to see the consequent defects in spermatogenesis due to AR loss in different testicular cell types in spermatogenesis. Briefly, this review summarizes these results as follows: 1) the impact of lacking AR in Sertoli cells mainly affects Sertoli cell functions to support and nurture germ cells, leading to spermatogenesis arrest at the diplotene primary spermatocyte stage prior to the accomplishment of first meiotic division; 2) the impact of lacking AR in Leydig cells mainly affects steroidogenic functions leading to arrest of spermatogenesis at the round spermatid stage; 3) the impact of lacking AR in the smooth muscle cells and peritubular myoid cells in mice results in similar fertility despite decreased sperm output as compared to wild-type controls; and 4) the deletion of AR gene in mouse germ cells does not affect spermatogenesis and male fertility. This review tries to clarify the useful information regarding how androgen/AR functions in individual cells of the testis. The future studies of detailed molecular mechanisms in these in vivo animals with cell-specific AR knockout could possibly lead to useful insights for improvements in the treatment of male infertility, hypogonadism, and testicular dysgenesis syndrome, and in attempts to create safe as well as effective male contraceptive methods.

GONADOTROPHINS, TESTOSTERONE AND SPERMATOGENESIS IN NEONATALLY IRRADIATED MALE RATS: EVIDENCE FOR A ROLE OF THE SERTOLI CELL IN FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE FEEDBACK

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. DE JONG ◽  
R. M. SHARPE
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Testicular Cell

Peripheral concentrations of FSH in the male rat seem to be regulated in part by a protein hormone, inhibin, which originates from the testes. In an attempt to ascertain which type of testicular cell secretes inhibin, groups of male rats were irradiated prenatally or on days 4, 6 or 8 of postnatal life, and killed at 21, 51 or 81 days of age together with castrated and intact controls. The concentrations of FSH and LH in the pituitary gland, and FSH, LH and testosterone in the plasma were estimated for each animal, and the numbers of each class of intratubular cell in the testes were calculated. Rats irradiated neonatally had fewer Sertoli cells than controls at all ages studied, while the numbers of Sertoli cells in rats irradiated prenatally were higher than those in controls on day 21. The number of spermatogenic cells was usually decreased in rats irradiated postnatally. In the rats irradiated prenatally normal numbers of spermatogenic cells were found at day 51. Numbers of spermatogenic cells were significantly correlated with the number of Sertoli cells at the ages of 51 and 81 days. The concentration of FSH in the plasma usually increased in the postnatally irradiated animals on days 21 and 51, but not on day 81; prenatal irradiation did not result in altered levels of FSH at any age. Peripheral levels of LH and testosterone were not affected by irradiation. The concentration of FSH in the plasma was negatively correlated with the number of Sertoli cells in all age groups, whereas significant correlations between the level of FSH and the number of spermatogenic cells were only found at days 51 and 81. It is concluded from these data that the Sertoli cell is the most likely source of inhibin.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of dead end knockout testis reveals germ cell and gonadal somatic factors in Atlantic salmon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Kleppe ◽  
Rolf Brudvik Edvardsen ◽  
Tomasz Furmanek ◽  
Eva Andersson ◽  
Kai Ove Skaftnesmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Testis Tissue

Abstract Background Sustainability challenges are currently hampering an increase in salmon production. Using sterile salmon can solve problems with precocious puberty and genetic introgression from farmed escapees to wild populations. Recently sterile salmon was produced by knocking out the germ cell-specific dead end (dnd). Several approaches may be applied to inhibit Dnd function, including gene knockout, knockdown or immunization. Since it is challenging to develop a successful treatment against a gene product already existing in the body, alternative targets are being explored. Germ cells are surrounded by, and dependent on, gonadal somatic cells. Targeting genes essential for the survival of gonadal somatic cells may be good alternative targets for sterility treatments. Our aim was to identify and characterize novel germ cell and gonadal somatic factors in Atlantic salmon. Results We have for the first time analysed RNA-sequencing data from germ cell-free (GCF)/dnd knockout and wild type (WT) salmon testis and searched for genes preferentially expressed in either germ cells or gonadal somatic cells. To exclude genes with extra-gonadal expression, our dataset was merged with available multi-tissue transcriptome data. We identified 389 gonad specific genes, of which 194 were preferentially expressed within germ cells, and 11 were confined to gonadal somatic cells. Interestingly, 5 of the 11 gonadal somatic transcripts represented genes encoding secreted TGF-β factors; gsdf, inha, nodal and two bmp6-like genes, all representative vaccine targets. Of these, gsdf and inha had the highest transcript levels. Expression of gsdf and inha was further confirmed to be gonad specific, and their spatial expression was restricted to granulosa and Sertoli cells of the ovary and testis, respectively. Finally, we show that inha expression increases with puberty in both ovary and testis tissue, while gsdf expression does not change or decreases during puberty in ovary and testis tissue, respectively. Conclusions This study contributes with transcriptome data on salmon testis tissue with and without germ cells. We provide a list of novel and known germ cell- and gonad somatic specific transcripts, and show that the expression of two highly active gonadal somatic secreted TGF-β factors, gsdf and inha, are located within granulosa and Sertoli cells.

143 The Dynamics of Spermatogenesis in Guinea Fowls

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
N. A. Volkova ◽  
A. N. Vetokh ◽  
I. P. Novgorodova ◽  
A. V. Dotsev ◽  
N. A. Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Generative Cells ◽  
Selection Of

Male gonads are valuable genetic material for creation of biomaterial cryobanks to preserve the genes of various animals, including poultry. Spermatogonia, which are stem cells of the testes, are of greatest interest. For effective selection of spermatogenic cells, including spermatogonia, it is necessary to know the specific features of spermatogenesis of the species of interest. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of spermatogenesis in guinea fowl. Histological examinations of guinea fowl testes (n = 90 birds) were done for 9 age categories, from 2 wk to 6 months. For each individual, at least 30 seminiferous tubules were examined. Seminiferous tubule diameters and numbers and types of spermatogenic cells (based on morphology) were determined. Overall, the histologic structure of guinea fowl testes was similar to that of mammals. Cell populations of the seminiferous tubules included Sertoli cells and generative cells, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperm, at various stages of differentiation. Diameter of seminiferous tubules was (mean ± SEM) 36 ± 1, 58 ± 1, 64 ± 1, 65 ± 1, 110 ± 3, 178 ± 4, 233 ± 4, 274 ± 6, and 295 ± 5 µm at 2 wk, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months, respectively. Furthermore, at those ages, the number of spermatogenic cells per tubule was 18 ± 1, 20 ± 1, 29 ± 2, 30 ± 2, 68 ± 5, 114 ± 8, 186 ± 10, 400 ± 20, and 447 ± 24. Maximum percentage of spermatogonia was 72 ± 2% at 6 wk. Primary and secondary spermatocytes were first observed at 10 and 12 wk of age, respectively, whereas spermatids were first apparent at 4 months. Sperm were first identified at 5 months, with more present at 6 months. We concluded that the optimal age for retrieving testicular germ cells in guinea fowl was no later than 8 wk, as that represented the age when seminiferous tubules were dominated by spermatogonia. The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project no.16-16-04104).

scholarly journals PSII-36 The application of busulfan to inhibit the spermatogenesis in quail testis

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 373-373
Author(s):  
Tatyana Kotova ◽  
Anastasia N Vetokh ◽  
Ludmila A Volkova ◽  
Natalia Volkova ◽  
Natalia A Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Multiple Injection ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Spermatogonia Cells

Abstract The use of testicular stem cells (spermatogonia) is of most interest for obtaining individuals with predetermined traits and genome genetic modification and for conservation of poultry gene pool. A significant population of mature donor germ cells (sperm) is formed upon successful spermatogonia cells transplantation into the testes of male recipients. Obtained sperm can be used to produce offspring with the desired traits. A key step in this technology is the removal of own spermatogenic cells (inhibition of spermatogenesis) in male recipients. The aim of research was to develop and optimize methodological approaches to inhibit the spermatogenesis in quail using busulfan. This drug was injected directly into the testes parenchyma of mature males by multiple injection at the concentration from 20 to 100 mg per 1kg of body weight (n = 25). Histological preparations of testes from the experimental quails were obtained to study composition of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules after busulfan administration. The male peers who were not injected with busulfan were used as a control. Experimental quails showed a decrease in the number of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules 32, 75, 111, 119 and 118 times compared with the control when using busulfan in concentrations 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg of weight, respectively (P < 0.001). The cells composition in the seminiferous tubules from experimental quails was represented mainly by Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. After busulfan introduction at the concentrations 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg, the percentage of spermatogonia was 55±5 %, 24±4 %, 6±2 %, 5±2 % and 4±1 %, respectively. The use of busulfan at the concentration of 80–100 mg/kg led to high mortality of quails. Thus, it was found that the optimal busulfan concentration for elimination of quail spermatogenic cells was 60 mg/kg. Supported by RFBR within Project №18-29-07079.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of dead end knockout testis reveals germ cell and gonadal somatic factors in Atlantic salmon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Kleppe ◽  
Rolf Brudvik Edvardsen ◽  
Tomasz Furmanek ◽  
Eva Andersson ◽  
Kai Ove Skaftnesmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Testis Tissue

Abstract Background Sustainability challenges are currently hampering an increase in salmon production. Using sterile salmon can solve problems with precocious puberty and genetic introgression from farmed escapees to wild populations. Recently sterile salmon was produced by knocking out the germ cell-specific dead end (dnd). Several approaches may be applied to inhibit Dnd function, including gene knockout, knockdown or immunization. Since it is challenging to develop a successful treatment against a gene product already existing in the body, alternative targets are being explored. Germ cells are surrounded by, and dependent on, gonadal somatic cells. Targeting genes essential for the survival of gonadal somatic cells may be good alternative targets for sterility treatments. Our aim was to identify and characterize novel germ cell and gonadal somatic factors in Atlantic salmon.Results We have for the first time analysed RNA-sequencing data from germ cell-free (GCF)/dnd knockout and wild type (WT) salmon testis and searched for genes preferentially expressed in either germ cells or gonadal somatic cells. To exclude genes with extra-gonadal expression, our dataset was merged with available multi-tissue transcriptome data. We identified 389 gonad specific genes, of which 194 were preferentially expressed within germ cells, and 11 were confined to gonadal somatic cells. Interestingly, 5 of the 11 gonadal somatic transcripts represented genes encoding secreted TGF-β factors; gsdf, inha, nodal and two bmp6-like genes, all representative vaccine targets. Of these, gsdf and inha had the highest transcript levels. Expression of gsdf and inha was further confirmed to be gonad specific, and their spatial expression was restricted to granulosa and Sertoli cells of the ovary and testis, respectively. Finally, we show that inha expression increases with puberty in both ovary and testis tissue, while gsdf expression does not change or decreases during puberty in ovary and testis tissue, respectively.Conclusions This study contributes with transcriptome data on salmon testis tissue with and without germ cells. We provide a list of novel and known germ cell- and gonad somatic specific transcripts, and show that the expression of two highly active gonadal somatic secreted TGF-β factors, gsdf and inha, are located within granulosa and Sertoli cells.

scholarly journals Gas6 and the Tyro 3 receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily regulate the phagocytic function of Sertoli cells

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weipeng Xiong ◽  
Yongmei Chen ◽  
Huizhen Wang ◽  
Haikun Wang ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Phagocytic Function ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Dramatic Decrease ◽  
Phagocytic Ability

The apoptotic spermatogenic cells and residual bodies are phagocytosed and degraded by Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis. The mechanisms of this process are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Gas6 and its receptors, the Tyro 3 subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs; Tyro 3, Axl, and Mer), regulate the phagocytic function of Sertoli cells. The phagocytic ability of Sertoli cells increased by five times in the presence of Gas6 in serum-free medium when compared with controls. The Sertoli cells lacking Mer showed a 35% reduction in phagocytosis of apoptotic spermatogenic cells when compared with wild-type (WT) controls, whereas the Sertoli cells lacking Tyro 3 or Axl exhibited phagocytic activity comparable with the controls. Notably, the Sertoli cells lacking all three members of the Tyro 3 RTK subfamily showed a dramatic decrease in phagocytic ability of 7.6-fold when compared with WT Sertoli cells. The deficiency in phagocytosis by the triple-mutant Sertoli cells was due to the deficit in binding of the Sertoli cells to apoptotic germ cells. These findings suggest that Mer is responsible for triggering phagocytosis of apoptotic spermatogenic cells by Sertoli cells and that Tyro 3, Axl, and Mer participate in recognizing and binding apoptotic germ cells by Sertoli cells in a redundant manner. Gas6 is a functional ligand of the Tyro 3 RTK subfamily in mediating phagocytic ability of Sertoli cells.

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