scholarly journals Spatiotemporal association of rapid urbanization and water-body distribution on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: A case study in the city of Xi’an, China

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0010094
Author(s):  
Li Shen ◽  
Minghao Sun ◽  
Xiao Wei ◽  
Yao Bai ◽  
Qingwu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Damage ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Body Distribution ◽  
Periodic Time Series ◽  
The City ◽  
Xi’An City

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonosis characterized by clinical features of high fever, hemorrhage, and renal damage. China has the largest number of HFRS cases worldwide, accounting for over 90% of the total reported cases. In this paper, we used surveyed HFRS data and satellite imagery to conduct geostatistical analysis for investigating the associations of rapid urbanization, water bodies, and other factors on the spatiotemporal dynamics of HFRS from year 2005 to 2018 in Xi’an City, Northwest China. The results revealed an evident epidemic aggregation in the incidence of HFRS within Xi’an City with a phenomenal fluctuation in periodic time series. Rapid urbanization was also found to greatly affect the HFRS incidence in two different time phases. HFRS caused by urbanization influences farmers to a lesser extent than it does to non-farmers. The association of water bodies with the HFRS incidence rate was found to be higher within the radii of 696.15 m and 1575.39 m, which represented significant thresholds. The results also showed that geomatics approaches can be used for spatiotemporally investigating the HFRS dynamic characteristics and supporting effective allocations of resources to formulate strategies for preventing epidemics.

scholarly journals Chemical Incident Analysis Involving Storage of Fertilizer Product

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogerio De Medeiros Tocantins ◽  
Bettina Tomio Heckert ◽  
Rafael Salum de Oliveira ◽  
Hélio João Coelho ◽  
Gisele Chibinski Parabocz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Adjacent Water ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Fertilizer Material ◽  
The City ◽  
Incident Analysis

A forensic engineering analyses of a chemical incident is presented that was classified as a self-sustaining decomposition (SSD) event, which occurred in a load of 10,000 tons of NK 21-00-21 fertilizer bulk stored inside a warehouse in the city of São Francisco do Sul in Brazil. The chemical reaction developed within the fertilizer mass and took several days to be controlled, resulting in the evacuation of thousands of residents. The water used to fight against the reaction, after having contact with the load of fertilizer material, promoted changes in adjacent water bodies, causing the death of animals (fish, crustaceans, and amphibians). The smoke from the chemical reaction products damaged the incident’s surrounding vegetation. Large SSD events are rare, with an average worldwide frequency of one every three years. Therefore, in addition to presenting a case study of this type of phenomenon, the main objective of this work is to discuss the causes that led to SSD reaction at this event, evaluate its consequences, and motivate future studies.

scholarly journals Changes in the phytoplankton diversity of two oxbow lakes in a big city: a case study of Wrocław (Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Dorota Richter ◽  
Paulina Bączek
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Oxbow Lakes ◽  
Phytoplankton Diversity ◽  
Big City ◽  
Algal Assemblages ◽  
Cyanobacteria And Algae ◽  
The City

Abstract The subject of this study is to analyse changes in the taxonomic structure and development intensity of phytoplankton and, thus, to determine the diversity of cyanobacteria and algae along with the trophy state of two oxbow lakes in the Wrocław area (south-western Poland). The analysis of samples and data from previous years showed a total of 244 cyanobacteria and algae species within these two lakes. The species composition changed significantly in both of them – there were found 90 species new to the studied flora (37% of current flora) and 74 species which were previously recorded. The diversity of cyanobacteria and algae reflects the conditions in these water bodies and each change in ecological conditions (e.g., anthropological dangers) is reflected by a change in the phytoplankton assemblage structure. Consequently, knowledge of taxonomic diversity is useful in monitoring water bodies to preserve them in good conditions. Both studied oxbow lakes belong to eutrophic ecosystems as evidenced by their phycoflora, which is rich in species characteristic of high-trophy water, and recorded water blooms. The analysis of changes in cyanobacterial and algal assemblages in these lakes was also a basis for determining their trophy and finding it to be progressively eutrophic. Regular phycological studies of Wrocław numerous water bodies are essential and, in the future, will allow us to protect them and to react quickly in case of danger to these ecosystems. It will also allow us to study eutrophication processes in the water bodies that are crucial to the city.

Impact of rapid urbanization on the microclimate of Indian cities: a case study for the city of Bhubaneswar

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Swain ◽  
G. J. Roberts ◽  
J. Dash ◽  
V. Vinoj ◽  
K. Lekshmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The City ◽  
Indian Cities

A Novel Indicator for Assessing the Spatial Sustainability of Cities in Developing Countries - A Case Study of Xi’an City

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1335-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Ding ◽  
Shuo Xin Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhou Zhong ◽  
Yu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Ecology ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
The City ◽  
Geographical Dimension

The geographical dimension of urbanization is of major importance in depicting the influences of urbanization on the development of a city, since complex social-ecological systems interact in a multitude of ways at many spatial scales across time. This research introduced an indicator for assessing the spatial sustainability of a city from the perspective of landscape ecology, to provide a reasonable way for quantifying the spatial dynamic of the urban area of a city and how close the pattern of urban expansion close to a ‘compact’ way. A case study has been done in Xi’an. With the application of remote sensing technology, landscape ecology and other necessary software, the spacial sustainability of Xi’an from 1988 to 2010 were calculated, the rapid urbanization in Xi’an has significantly promoted the spatial sustainability of city from 1988 to 2000 and 2006 to 2010, whereas exerted negative effects on the spatial sustainability of the city from 2000 to 2006.

scholarly journals Understanding the Informal Morphology of Villages-in-the-City: A Case Study in Hanoi City, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13136
Author(s):  
Ngo Kien Thinh ◽  
Yun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Informal Urbanism ◽  
The City ◽  
Practical Level

This paper explores the production of space in the villages-in-the-city (ViCs) through a morphological perspective. During the urbanization process, rural villages originally located in the peri-area of a metropolis are eventually merged into the urban landscape. Due to lack of proper planning, these villages have faced serious criticism due to informality, self-organized development and sub-standard living conditions, and planning policies tend to focus on demolition rather than on incrementally upgrading ViCs on the same site. In this paper, we focus on the fluidity of spaces in ViCs by drawing on a case study in Hanoi, Vietnam. The key research methods are mapping, observation and visual recording. The findings illustrate how informal urbanism works in ViCs regarding spatial structure, public/private interfaces and incremental upgrading. On a theoretical level, this research helps to enrich the description of the morphological characteristics of ViCs with relation to the effects of rapid urbanization. On a practical level, this study contributes to the ways in which researchers and planners can engage with incremental changes in the integrated village.

scholarly journals A Framework for Measuring Urban Sustainability in an Emerging Region: The City of Duhok as a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5402
Author(s):  
Azad Hassan ◽  
Zeenat Kotval-K
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
The Political ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Sustainability Indicators

The City of Duhok in Iraq, as one of the Kurdistan Region’s (KR) main cities, is concerned about sustainability but lacks the measures to guide urban policies. This study bridges this gap and offers an example of the use of urban sustainability indicators in an emerging region that experiences rapid urbanization and growth. The substantial objective of this study was to develop a functional framework of indicators to assess and measure urban sustainability for the city after KR’s declaration of autonomy in 1991 until 2010. That is, we limited our investigation to examining previous research, which decisively contains the approach to “measuring urban sustainability”. The study followed a three-step approach to examine urban sustainability as an integration of a few other relevant studies. The study concluded with two facts: First, the lack of progress on urban sustainability in the first decades resulted from the destabilized era that left the city administratively fragmented. Second, the political and economic watershed led to steady progress towards urban sustainability post-2005. The study highlights nine urban sustainability indicators, from a total of 39 indicators, that played an important role in navigating the general trend of urban sustainability in the city and how they can be used to promote future sustainable practices.

scholarly journals Comprehensive study on the amount of CO2 absorbed by vegetation: A case study in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Truong Nguyen X ◽  
Phan Cao H H ◽  
Hao Nguyen N ◽  
Huyen Duong T T ◽  
Nhat Tran T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
The City

The city Ho Chi Minh (HCMC) is one of the largest cities in Vietnam with the most dramatically economic development rate. Along with the economic development, the urbanization process in this city is also taking place very fastly. Due to the rapid urbanization and development, the emission rate from the industry and transportation leads to the increase in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) which has been worsening the climate change. Protecting forests and conducting afforestation so that CO2 is transformed to nutrition through photosynthetic conversion is one of the most effective ways to mitigate the effects of climate change. As a result, the accumulation of CO2 emissions has become a global concern. Vegetation absorbs carbon dioxide, helps to conserve the environment, produces oxygen, reduces noise, and helps to stabilize subsurface water. This paper highlights the results of ENVI software which was used to interpret remote sensing images and Arcgis to evaluate the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by vegetation in each administrative unit: district in HCMC and ward. According to the obtained results, the amount of CO2 absorbed in urban districts “District 1”, “District 3”, “District 4”, “District 5”, “Phu Nhuan District” is immensely low due to the high population density in the center of city. The population is mainly concentrated in the center districts but land area for vegetation is low. Regarding the suburban area, with mangrove forests, Can Gio District has the highest amount of CO2 absorbed of 35,894.075 tons/day and followed by Cu Chi District with 21,548.48 tons/day. It can be indicated that Can Gio and Cu Chi districts improtantly function like the greenhouse gas sinks for the whole HCMC. The success of this study could contribute to climate change mitigation and support in urban and land planning, as well as resettlement policies. Aside from that, CO2 emission and absorption assessment and evaluation in large–scale cities like HCMC has become a crucial, urgent, and practical issue nowadays.

scholarly journals Bridge over Troubled Water: Explicating the Perspectives of the Stakeholders on the Urbanization of Heritage Properties—The Case of Intramuros and Filipino–Chinese Friendship Bridge

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
Hansley Eunice M. Duarte ◽  
Grace Nicole V. Garcia ◽  
Alyssa Bianca T. Lejano ◽  
Ana Mariela M. Magpantay ◽  
Alodia Lorraine A. Saavedra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Community ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Local Properties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

This qualitative case study article explicated the perspectives of the stakeholders regarding the urbanization of heritage properties, specifically the old, walled area of Intramuros in the city of Manila with respect to the construction of the Filipino-Chinese Friendship Bridge (or the bridge). This study begins with a documentation analysis involving the collection of researches related to the subject and in-depth interviews with the different stakeholders, specifically the national and local government, the private sectors and the host community in Intramuros and Binondo. The case study approach is incorporated in the study to discern the issues arising from the subject site, while a thematic analysis is used as the most suitable technique to analyse the findings. The outcomes reveal the different viewpoints of the stakeholders concerning the matters in constructing the Filipino–Chinese Friendship Bridge between Intramuros and Binondo. In this context, authorities such as the government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should establish regulations that seek to protect and conserve the different heritage properties, as well as balance the demands for rapid urbanization. Due to the urban development, the integrity and significance of heritage properties are being compromised, which may result in the degradation of the local properties’ identity and culture.

scholarly journals Developing an Open Space Standard in a Densely Populated City: A Case Study of Chittagong City

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maharina Jafrin ◽  
Beau Beza
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Capital City ◽  
World Health ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Structural Plan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

In densely populated settings like Chittagong, Bangladesh cities facing rapid urbanization and economic growth are challenged to provide open space for its citizens. For example, the population of this port city is 14,200 people per square kilometer and there is a struggle to provide open space. Again, the planning proposal did not set any open space standard to achieve its open space aspirations Hence, the objectives of this paper are four-fold: (i) Develop an understanding of open space standards to establish relative benchmarks for potential use in Chittagong. (ii) Examine existing formal open space in Chittagong. (iii) Document the existing informal open space areas in Chittagong according to the planning direction. (iv) Recommend an approach that can be used to realize open spaces in Chittagong. To achieve these, this paper documents the existing open space scenario in the city, examines the recommended open space standards developed by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Dhaka Structural Plan (2016–2035) (the planning document of the capital city of Bangladesh) to identify to what extent these ‘benchmark’ standards are appropriate for use in the city. A discussion on open space in Chittagong and the criteria used to ‘frame’ open space calculations in the city is then conducted to provide a foundation to reflect upon the world’s various open space recommendations. Ultimately, by analyzing existing open space recommendations and their associated well-being aspirations, the research suggests that a new standard relating to the unique characteristics of the city should be used when developing open space standards in Chittagong.

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