Executive Functions of Six-Year-Old Boys with Normal Birth Weight and Gestational Age

ABSTRACT Objectives The incidence of low birth weight babies and the perinatal morbidity and mortality is inter-related. An understanding of the risk factors can help us to reduce their incidence and studying their management and outcome could help us to evolve optimal management strategies. The aim of the study was to find out the incidence of low birth weight and first week neonatal mortality rate. Methods The gestational age of the babies were determined and a comparison of the prenatal mortality ratio was done among vaginal and cesarean deliveries. During the study period all the patients irrespective of their gestational age admitted for delivery were recruited for the prospective analysis. Their gestational age, mode of delivery, birth weight and outcome were collected in a preformed data-sheet. Results During the study period there were 2689 deliveries at BSMMU and among them 301 were low birth weight (LBW), rest were normal birth weight babies. Forty-eight from low birth weight and seven from normal birth weight babies died within first-week of delivery. The LBW babies were grouped in to three groups according to their birth weight, 1-1.5 kg = group one, 1.6-2 kg = group two, 2.1- 2.4 kg = group three. It was found that 70% babies of group I, 40% of group II and 17% of group III were in the gestational age of 28-34 weeks. On the other hand 30% babies of group I, 60% of group II and 83% of group III were in the gestational age of 35-40 weeks. 79.36% of group I, 6.67% of group II and 0.63% of group III died within 7 days of birth. Conclusion Significant difference (p value < 0.001) was observed in first-week neonatal mortality among normal and low birth weight babies. Therefore, it can be concluded that birth weight and gestational age is an important determining factor for early neonatal death.

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Profil Sindrom Aspirasi Mekonium pada Bayi Baru Lahir di RSUD Dr. Soetrasno Rembang

Smart Medical Journal ◽

10.13057/smj.v1i2.28692 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Ahimsa Yoga Anindita ◽

Dwi Hidayah ◽

Yulidar Hafidh ◽

Annang Giri Moelyo ◽

Mayasari Dewi

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Term Infants ◽

Meconium Aspiration ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Minute Apgar Score

Introduction: The presence of meconium in amniotic fluid occurs in 13% of live births in developing countries. This condition develops when the gestational age increases at delivery. Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs in 5% of newborns in meconium stained amniotic fluid. The aim of this study is to determine the profile of newborns who experience meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) who are treated at Dr. Soetrasno Hospital, Rembang and its outcome.Methods: Prospective study, data were obtained from medical records of Dr. Soetrasno Hospital, Rembang during September to October 2018, on newborns with MAS.Results: Of 12 newborns with MAS were obtained, consisting of 7 (58.3%) male and 5 (41.7%) female. All cases were term infants (gestational age above 37 weeks) and normal birth weight (above 2500 grams). Based on the first minute APGAR score, there were 4 newborns had score 1 and 2, respectively (33.3%). Based on the fifth minute APGAR score, there were 7 newborns had score 3 (58.3%). The outcome of newborns with MAS were 7 alive (58.3%) and 5 died (41.7%).Conclusion: There were 12 newborns suffering from MAS (54.5%) of 22 babies hospitalized at the NICU dr. Soetrasno Hospital Rembang. All newborns with MAS were term infants and normal birth weight. There were 5 newborns with MAS which required invasive mechanical ventilation (intubation) and all died (41.7%).

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The Thin But Fat Phenotype is Uncommon at Birth in Indian Babies

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxz305 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 150 (4) ◽

pp. 826-832 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rebecca Kuriyan ◽

Saba Naqvi ◽

Kishor G Bhat ◽

Santu Ghosh ◽

Suman Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Adult Life ◽

Whole Body ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth

ABSTRACT Background Indian babies are hypothesized to be born thin but fat. This has not been confirmed with precise measurements at birth. If it is true, it could track into later life and confer risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Objectives Primarily, to accurately measure percentage of body fat (%BF) and body cell mass (BCM) in Indian babies with normal birth weight, compare them across different gestational ages and sex, and test the hypothesis of the thin but fat phenotype in Indian babies. Secondarily, to examine the relation between body weight and body fat in Indian babies. Methods Term newborns (n = 156) weighing ≥2500 g, from middle socioeconomic status mothers were recruited in Bengaluru, India, and their anthropometry, %BF (air displacement plethysmography), and BCM (whole-body potassium counter) were measured. Maternal demography and anthropometry were recorded. The mean %BF and its dispersion were compared with earlier studies. The relation between newborn %BF and body weight was explored by regression analysis. Results Mean birth weight was 3.0 ± 0.3 kg, with mean %BF 9.8 ± 3.5%, which was comparable to pooled estimates of %BF from published studies (9.8%; 95% CI: 9.7, 10.0; P > 0.05). Appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) babies had higher %BF (1.8%) compared to small-for-gestational age (SGA) babies (P < 0.01). Mean %BCM of all babies at birth was 35.4 ± 10.5%; AGA babies had higher %BCM compared to SGA babies (7.0%, P < 0.05). Girls in comparison to boys had significantly higher %BF and lower %BCM. Body weight was positively associated with %BF. Conclusion Indian babies with normal birth weight did not demonstrate the thin but fat phenotype. Body weight and fat had positive correlation, such that SGA babies did not show a preservation of their %BF. These findings will have relevance in planning optimal interventions during early childhood to prevent NCDs risk in adult life.

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Study of fetal hemoglobin with different gestational age and birth weight of the newborn

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20210522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 434

Author(s):

Santosh Kumar Roy ◽

Ajit Kumar Shrivastava ◽

Prema Ram Choudhary

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Perinatal Care ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Fetal Hemoglobin ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Fetal Hemoglobin Level

Background: In many parts of the developing country estimation of antenatal gestational age is still not possible and challenging condition of proper perinatal care. This study aimed to find out relationship between the gestational age and birth weight of the newborn with fetal hemoglobin concentration.Methods: In this comparative study, we included 90 pregnant women who delivered their babies by normal vaginal delivery. Out of these 90 babies, 27 were preterm with gestational age 28-36 weeks, 55 were term with gestational age 37-41 weeks and remaining 8 were post term with gestational age of more than 41 weeks. All these 90 newborn infants were also divided into two groups: low birth weight (birth weight <2.5 kg) and birth weight ≥2.5 kg. Fetal hemoglobin was estimated by using alkali denaturation technique of Chernoff and Singer on appropriate spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS windows version 20.0 software.Results: The total number of newborns were significantly (p<0.001) higher in term group and with normal birth weight group. Fetal hemoglobin level was significantly (p<0.0001) lower in term, post term and normal birth weight groups. Study showed a definite negative correlation between gestational age and the fetal hemoglobin concentration. Fetal hemoglobin level was gradually declining with increasing gestational age and birth weight.Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that the concentration of fetal hemoglobin decreases at the rate of 2.4% per week with considerable variation of values at every week of advancing gestational age. Hence level of fetal hemoglobin estimation can be taken as an important criterion for evaluation of gestational age.

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Prevalence and correlates of low birth weight babies born in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203378 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 3052

Author(s):

Tanaya Paul ◽

Kaustav Chakraborty ◽

Nayan Sarkar ◽

Moumita Chatterjee ◽

Suman Kumar Roy

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Total Weight Gain ◽

History Of ◽

Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the long-standing birth outcomes amongst all adverse pregnancy outcomes, which have lasting influences in the later life span. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of LBW babies; to examine the correlation between maternal socio-demographic, lifestyle, obstetrics, and clinical factors with LBW; and to compare the above factors between mothers with low and normal birth weight babies.Methods: All the pregnant women admitted for delivery in the inpatient Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and providing informed consent were interviewed with the help of the semi-structured questionnaire. The antenatal card and labour room log book were also scrutinized for relevant data.Results: The prevalence of LBW and VLBW were 33.8% and 2.8% respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between strenuous working environment, duration of standing, consumption of alcohol and smoking in pregnancy, previous history of premature birth and LBW babies, high blood pressure and pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, total weight gain during pregnancy and gestational age at birth and LBW. Mothers of LBW and normal birth weight babies significantly differed in their age, total weight gain during pregnancy, religion, level of education, history of premature baby and LBW baby, high blood pressure and preeclampsia during pregnancy. In the regression model, there was also a significant positive linear relationship between LBW and strenuous work environment & gestational age at birth.Conclusions: One third of the pregnant mothers delivered LBW child and various socio-demographic and clinical factors had significant correlation with LBW.

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Plasma homocysteine and blood pressure in small for gestational age children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi53.5.2013.254-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 254

Author(s):

Irene Melinda Louis ◽

Adrian Umboh

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Homocysteine Level ◽

Age Group ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Gestational Age At Birth ◽

Age At Birth

Background Homocysteine is associated with endothelial damage and hypertension. Increased plasma homocysteine levels are often accompanied by cardiovascular impairment, including hypertension. Small for gestational age children have been found to have morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular diseases.Objective To assess for a possible association between homocysteine level and blood pressure in small for gestational age children.Methods This observational study was undertaken from December 2011 to April 2012 in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, North Sulawesi, on children who were born small for gestational age in year 2004-2005. Data was analyzed by T-test to compare homocysteine levels in small for gestational age and normal birth weight children. Regression analysis and simple coefficient test were used to assess for an association between homocysteine levels and blood pressure in children who were small for gestational age at birth.Results The mean homocysteine level in small for gestational age children was significantly higher than that of normal birth weight children (P<0.001). We observed no correlation between homocysteine level and systolic blood pressure in the small for gestational age group (r=0.151, P=0.189). However, there was a weak correlation between homocysteine level and diastolic blood pressure in the small for gestational age group (r=0.237, P=0.049).Conclusion Children who were small for gestational age at birth have significantly higher mean homocysteine level than that of normal birth weight children. Higher homocysteine levels are associated with higher diastolic blood pressure in children who were small for gestational age at birth.

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Level of serum uric acid in patients with preeclampsia compared to controls and its relation to feto-maternal outcome

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20192452 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 2471

Author(s):

Ramraj Meena ◽

Purnima Pachori ◽

Sandhya Chaudhary ◽

Chandrakanta .

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Study Group ◽

Age Group ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth

Background: Uric acid is the final product of the purine metabolism in humans. The two final reactions in its production which catalyze the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and the latter to uric acid are catalyzed by the enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase. The role of uric acid in the progression of prediabetes to diabetes has been known. Serum uric acid has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. The present study was done to see the level of uric acid in preeclampsia and healthy pregnant controls, to relate serum uric acid results to the severity of hypertension and its relation to fetomaternal outcome in patients attending OPD at RMC Ajmer.Methods: 100 cases of preeclampsia of age group between 20-40 year and gestational age ≥28 weeks and 100 normal healthy women with similar gestational age and age group were included in the study and maternal serum uric acid was estimated in both groups.Results: Mean serum uric acid levels in preeclampsia was 7.65±081 mg/dl and 3.21±072 mg/dl in control group. Perinatal complication was more in case group, 74 % were preterm compared to 11% in control group. Mean birth weight in study group was 2.07 kg, of which 24% babies were VLBW 52% were LBW, and 24% babies had normal birth weight, in control group mean birth weight was 2.82 kg. The difference was found to be statistically signiﬁcant (p value 0.001). In the study group, the MSUA concentration is found higher in LBW and VLBW babies compared to normal birth weight babies.Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between SUA & severity of preeclampsia, and a signiﬁcant adverse fetal outcome is observed with raised MSUA in preeclamptic patients.

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Weight gain by gestational age in both black and white women delivered of normal-birth-weight and low-birth-weight infants

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/0002-9378(91)90519-w ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 164 (3) ◽

pp. 801-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Diana B. Petitti ◽

Mary S. Croughan-Minihane ◽

Robert A. Hiatt

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

White Women ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Black And White ◽

Normal Birth

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Homeostasis Model Assessment - Insulin Resistance and Sensitivity (HOMA-IR and IS) Index in Overweight Children Born Small for Gestational Age (SGA)

PRILOZI ◽

10.2478/prilozi-2018-0027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 83-89

Author(s):

Aleksandra Janchevska ◽

Zoran Gucev ◽

Velibor Tasic ◽

Momir Polenakovic

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Obese Children ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Normal Birth ◽

The Mean

Abstract Introduction: Children born small for gestational age (SGA) have increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), hypertension and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in adulthood. Patients and Methods: In 100 children born SGA, and in second cohort having 32 obese children born in term with normal birth weight and height, anthropometric measurements and biochemical metabolic profiles were analysed. The Homeostasis Model Assessment - Insulin Resistance and Sensitivity (HOMA-IR and IS) were calculated. Results: Four overweight/obese children (M:F=3:1) with normal height were found among 100 SGA children. The body mass index (BMI) in all 4 children was above the 98th percentile and the mean BMI z-score was (2.04±0.30 SDS). The HOMA-IR index in all four children was increased: 1.26-2.65 (>1). Two teenagers had significant hyperinsulinemia (198.00 uIU/ml and 275 uIU/ml) and were treated with metformin. Two girls needed only a diet and increased physical activity. The mean values of HOMA-IR (1.26-2.65; N< 1) and IS (58 ±17.12) in fo-ur SGA overweight/obese children who caught-up growth had indistinguishable values with the group of 32 (M: F=21:11) obese children (HOMA-IR 1.83±1.2 SDS; IS 82.99±64.53 SDS) born in term with normal birth weight and height. Conclusions: SGA born children are usually thin; nevertheless we found overweight and obesity in 4% of the patients. Two of those children have metabolic syndrome. Excess weight, obesity and metabolic syndrome in SGA children result with increase of their inherent risk for DM2, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in adulthood.

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Observation of Birth Weight of Babies in relation on maternal age, parity and gestational age in Tertiary Level Hospital

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v19i2.45010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 291-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md Khoybar Ali ◽

Md Shafiul Alam Quarashi ◽

Shahin Sultana ◽

Md Ziaur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Medical Science ◽

Study Data ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Medical College ◽

Healthy Growth

Background: Birth weight of an infant is the most important determinant of its chances of survival, healthy growth, and development. It depends on many maternal factors. Maternal age, parity and gestational age have been shown to increase the risk of adverse neonatal outcome, such as intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, mortality and low birth weight. Objective: This study was planned to observe the incidence of low birth weight baby and to correlate the maternal age, parity and gestational age on birth weight of babies. Methodology: It was a retrospective study. Data were collected from medical records. Total 2850 live births new born baby were enrolled in this study during the period January 2013 to December 2018 in Ibn Sina medical college and hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh with inclusion criteria. The weights of the newborns were measured without clothes on a digital weighing scale soon after the birth. Parameters such as birth weight, gender of baby, maternal age, parity and gestational age of the mother were noted. Data were analyzed statistically. Results: 52.99% baby was male and 47.01% were female. Low birth weight baby were 33.3% in the age group of less than 18 years of aged mother. With increasing the age of mother, birth weight of babies increase. Primipara mother delivered 15.52% low birth weight baby and 84.48% normal birth weight baby. With increasing parity birth weight of baby increased. The birth weight of <2.5 kg was 19.27% and 80.73% baby’s birth weight >2.5 kg in mother more than 37 weeks of gestation. Baby born by 35-37 weeks of gestation had 27.69% low birth weight and 72.31% were normal birth weight. Incidence of low birth weight was 79.3% and normal birth weight 20.7% found by 32-34 weeks of gestation. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(2) 2020 p.291-295

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