scholarly journals When personality gets under the skin: Need for uniqueness and body modifications

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0245158
Author(s):  
Selina M. Weiler ◽  
Bjarn-Ove Tetzlaff ◽  
Philipp Yorck Herzberg ◽  
Thomas Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Body Modification ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
Social Component ◽  
Body Modifications ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Differential Relationship

Do individuals modify their bodies in order to be unique? The present study sought to investigate need for uniqueness (NfU) subcomponents as possible motives for modifying one’s body. To this end, the study obtained information from 312 participants about their NfU (using the German NfU-G global scale and three sub-scales) and their body modifications (tattoos, piercings, and extreme body modifications such as tongue splitting). By analyzing the three subcomponents of NfU, the study was able to investigate the differential relationship of the sub-scales with the outcome measures, which facilitated a fine-grained understanding of the NfU–body-modification relationship. The study found that tattooed, pierced, and extreme-body-modified individuals had higher NfU-G scores than individuals without body modifications. Moreover, it seemed that individuals with tattoos took a social component into consideration while lacking concern regarding others’ reaction toward their tattoos, although not wanting to cause affront. Pierced and extreme-body-modified individuals, contrarily, tended to display a propensity to actively flout rules and not worry about others’ opinions on their modifications. However, although statistically significant, the effect size (d) for the NfU-G differences in the tattooed and pierced participants’ mean scores was small to medium in all three subcomponents. The extreme-body-modified group presented medium and medium to large effects. Further, the study observed that the number of body modifications increased with an increasing NfU in tattooed and pierced individuals. These findings demonstrated multifaceted interrelations between the NfU, its subcomponents, and the three kinds of body modifications investigated in the present study.

scholarly journals Domain randomization-enhanced deep learning models for bird detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Mao ◽  
Jun Kang Chow ◽  
Pin Siang Tan ◽  
Kuan-fu Liu ◽  
Jimmy Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Bird Detection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAutomatic bird detection in ornithological analyses is limited by the accuracy of existing models, due to the lack of training data and the difficulties in extracting the fine-grained features required to distinguish bird species. Here we apply the domain randomization strategy to enhance the accuracy of the deep learning models in bird detection. Trained with virtual birds of sufficient variations in different environments, the model tends to focus on the fine-grained features of birds and achieves higher accuracies. Based on the 100 terabytes of 2-month continuous monitoring data of egrets, our results cover the findings using conventional manual observations, e.g., vertical stratification of egrets according to body size, and also open up opportunities of long-term bird surveys requiring intensive monitoring that is impractical using conventional methods, e.g., the weather influences on egrets, and the relationship of the migration schedules between the great egrets and little egrets.

scholarly journals Non-Local and Multi-Scale Mechanisms for Image Inpainting

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3281
Author(s):  
Xu He ◽  
Yong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Markov Random Fields ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Image Inpainting ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Relationship Of

Recently, deep learning-based techniques have shown great power in image inpainting especially dealing with squared holes. However, they fail to generate plausible results inside the missing regions for irregular and large holes as there is a lack of understanding between missing regions and existing counterparts. To overcome this limitation, we combine two non-local mechanisms including a contextual attention module (CAM) and an implicit diversified Markov random fields (ID-MRF) loss with a multi-scale architecture which uses several dense fusion blocks (DFB) based on the dense combination of dilated convolution to guide the generative network to restore discontinuous and continuous large masked areas. To prevent color discrepancies and grid-like artifacts, we apply the ID-MRF loss to improve the visual appearance by comparing similarities of long-distance feature patches. To further capture the long-term relationship of different regions in large missing regions, we introduce the CAM. Although CAM has the ability to create plausible results via reconstructing refined features, it depends on initial predicted results. Hence, we employ the DFB to obtain larger and more effective receptive fields, which benefits to predict more precise and fine-grained information for CAM. Extensive experiments on two widely-used datasets demonstrate that our proposed framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches both in quantity and quality.

Structure-properties relationship of ultra-fine grained V-microalloyed dual phase steels

2017 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Scott ◽  
F. Fazeli ◽  
B. Shalchi Amirkhiz ◽  
I. Pushkareva ◽  
S.Y.P. Allain
Keyword(s):  
Dual Phase ◽  
Dual Phase Steels ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Structure Properties

Body Modification - Körperverletzung oder Kultur? Eine amtsärztliche Begutachtung

Praxis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 100 (18) ◽  
pp. 1119-1123
Author(s):  
Erlinger
Keyword(s):  
Body Modification ◽  
Body Modifications ◽  
Medizinische Begutachtung

Im Zusammenhang mit manuell durchgeführten und bleibenden Veränderungen an sich selbst, sog. Body Modifications, prüfte die Vormundschaftsbehörde Zürich gemeinsam mit dem Stadtärztlichen Dienst auf Antrag eines Verwandten der Explorandin, ob vormundschaftliche Massnahmen zu errichten seien, um die Explorandin vor weiteren Veränderungen an ihrem Körper schützen zu können. Die juristische und medizinische Begutachtung ergab, dass die Explorandin als urteilsfähig bezüglich der an ihrem Körper vorgenommenen Veränderungen zu gelten hat und keine weiteren Massnahmen notwendig sind.

scholarly journals A class act? Social background and body modifications in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Tranter ◽  
Ruby Grant
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
State Level ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Body Modification ◽  
Body Modifications

Are we witnessing the democratisation of body modification in Australia? The prevalence and social background of body modifications is examined using national and state-level survey data from Australia. We find body modifications to be more prevalent among younger, less educated, working-class, non-conservative Australians. Women are far more likely than men are to have body piercings, although in Queensland, young women are more likely than young men to be tattooed. Important life events such as pregnancy, separating from a long-term partner or experiencing violence are also associated with body modifications. While body modifications may be on the rise, social factors still influence the uptake of body modification practices in Australia, suggesting these are socially circumscribed taste-based practices, and should not yet be described as normative.

scholarly journals R v BM: Errors in the Judicial Interpretation of Body Modification

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-257
Author(s):  
Samuel Walker
Keyword(s):  
Body Modification ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Judicial Interpretation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Body Modifications ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Case Basis ◽  
Lost Opportunity

R v BM is the latest case to consider the exceptions to the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 (OAPA). The exceptions allow an action causing injury that would be a criminal offence to become lawful if the person injured consents to the action. The consequences of this judgment is that body modifications are categorised as medical procedures (and therefore subject to the medical exception only) and new exceptions should not be developed on a case by case basis, instead allocating development of the exceptions to Parliament. Two implications follow from the BM judgment. First, it provided a limited definition of body modifications which are now categorised as medical procedures. Secondly, their Lordships have restricted further development of the lawful exceptions to offences against the person. This is a lost opportunity for developing the common law exceptions to the OAPA through an autonomy-based liberal judicial interpretation.

scholarly journals A seismically induced onshore surge deposit at the KPg boundary, North Dakota

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (17) ◽  
pp. 8190-8199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. DePalma ◽  
Jan Smit ◽  
David A. Burnham ◽  
Klaudia Kuiper ◽  
Phillip L. Manning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Impact Event ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Hell Creek Formation ◽  
Chicxulub Impact

The most immediate effects of the terminal-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact, essential to understanding the global-scale environmental and biotic collapses that mark the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction, are poorly resolved despite extensive previous work. Here, we help to resolve this by describing a rapidly emplaced, high-energy onshore surge deposit from the terrestrial Hell Creek Formation in Montana. Associated ejecta and a cap of iridium-rich impactite reveal that its emplacement coincided with the Chicxulub event. Acipenseriform fish, densely packed in the deposit, contain ejecta spherules in their gills and were buried by an inland-directed surge that inundated a deeply incised river channel before accretion of the fine-grained impactite. Although this deposit displays all of the physical characteristics of a tsunami runup, the timing (<1 hour postimpact) is instead consistent with the arrival of strong seismic waves from the magnitude Mw∼10 to 11 earthquake generated by the Chicxulub impact, identifying a seismically coupled seiche inundation as the likely cause. Our findings present high-resolution chronology of the immediate aftereffects of the Chicxulub impact event in the Western Interior, and report an impact-triggered onshore mix of marine and terrestrial sedimentation—potentially a significant advancement for eventually resolving both the complex dynamics of debris ejection and the full nature and extent of biotic disruptions that took place in the first moments postimpact.

The Role of Unabsorbed Slack in Internal and Collaborative Innovation Processes — A Resource-Based Framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 1640007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Slack Resources ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Collaborative Innovation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unabsorbed Slack ◽  
Innovation Processes

Extant research has highlighted the critical role of unabsorbed slack resources in internal innovation processes. In recent years, many firms have continued to open up their innovation processes to actively collaborate with external partners. In light of a limited understanding of the determinants of collaborative innovation, we provide new theoretical arguments about the relationship of unabsorbed slack resources with internal and collaborative innovation processes. Specifically, we draw on resource-based and competence-based logic and develop a conceptual framework for intraorganizational and interorganizational innovation with propositions for the impact of unabsorbed slack resources on internal and external knowledge acquisition and commercialization processes. The arguments underscore the critical role of excess resources in collaborative innovation, and they highlight the need for a fine-grained examination of the impact of unabsorbed slack resources in innovation processes. The arguments are particularly important in light of a renewed interest in essential enablers and barriers to collaborative innovation processes.

scholarly journals Sexual networks: measuring sexual selection in structured, polyandrous populations

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1613) ◽  
pp. 20120356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant C. McDonald ◽  
Richard James ◽  
Jens Krause ◽  
Tommaso Pizzari
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Emergent Property ◽  
Sexual Competition ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Multi Level

Sexual selection is traditionally measured at the population level, assuming that populations lack structure. However, increasing evidence undermines this approach, indicating that intrasexual competition in natural populations often displays complex patterns of spatial and temporal structure. This complexity is due in part to the degree and mechanisms of polyandry within a population, which can influence the intensity and scale of both pre- and post-copulatory sexual competition. Attempts to measure selection at the local and global scale have been made through multi-level selection approaches. However, definitions of local scale are often based on physical proximity, providing a rather coarse measure of local competition, particularly in polyandrous populations where the local scale of pre- and post-copulatory competition may differ drastically from each other. These limitations can be solved by social network analysis, which allows us to define a unique sexual environment for each member of a population: ‘local scale’ competition, therefore, becomes an emergent property of a sexual network. Here, we first propose a novel quantitative approach to measure pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection, which integrates multi-level selection with information on local scale competition derived as an emergent property of networks of sexual interactions. We then use simple simulations to illustrate the ways in which polyandry can impact estimates of sexual selection. We show that for intermediate levels of polyandry, the proposed network-based approach provides substantially more accurate measures of sexual selection than the more traditional population-level approach. We argue that the increasing availability of fine-grained behavioural datasets provides exciting new opportunities to develop network approaches to study sexual selection in complex societies.

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