scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 government travel restrictions on mobility in a rural border area of Northern Thailand: A mobile phone tracking study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245842
Author(s):  
Peter Haddawy ◽  
Saranath Lawpoolsri ◽  
Chaitawat Sa-ngamuang ◽  
Myat Su Yin ◽  
Thomas Barkowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Radius Of Gyration ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross Border Movement

Background Thailand is among the top five countries with effective COVID-19 transmission control. This study examines how news of presence of COVID-19 in Thailand, as well as varying levels of government restriction on movement, affected human mobility in a rural Thai population along the border with Myanmar. Methods This study makes use of mobility data collected using a smartphone app. Between November 2019 and June 2020, four major events concerning information dissemination or government intervention give rise to five time intervals of analysis. Radius of gyration is used to analyze movement in each interval, and movement during government-imposed curfew. Human mobility network visualization is used to identify changes in travel patterns between main geographic locations of activity. Cross-border mobility analysis highlights potential for intervillage and intercountry disease transmission. Results Inter-village and cross-border movement was common in the pre-COVID-19 period. Radius of gyration and cross-border trips decreased following news of the first imported cases. During the government lockdown period, radius of gyration was reduced by more than 90% and cross-border movement was mostly limited to short-distance trips. Human mobility was nearly back to normal after relaxation of the lockdown. Conclusions This study provides insight into the impact of the government lockdown policy on an area with extremely low socio-economic status, poor healthcare resources, and highly active cross-border movement. The lockdown had a great impact on reducing individual mobility, including cross-border movement. The quick return to normal mobility after relaxation of the lockdown implies that close monitoring of disease should be continued to prevent a second wave.

MITIGATING THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON RURAL FARM FAMILIES IN NIGERIA THROUGH INNOVATIVE INFORMATION TRANSFER

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Cecy Balogun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
The Face ◽  
Farm Produce ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The role of new technologies in driving agricultural sustainability is crucial for the socio-economic survival of rural households in Nigeria. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the livelihood of farm families as they had difficulties accessing inputs, supplies and farm labour needed for maximum productivity of their farming enterprises, and in selling farm produce due to the lockdown restrictions policies imposed by the government.Additionally, the income of farm families was affected as a result of spoilage of perishable produce. This review highlighted the impact of COVID-19 on agricultural activities of rural families, constraints to accessing agricultural information, responses of the government in providing information to farmers and the innovative information sources for improved livelihood outcome. This review concluded that innovative information dissemination methods can enhance the livelihood of farm families in the face of crisis like the covid-19 outbreak.

scholarly journals Globalization and Economic Development: A Study of Nagaland

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-211
Author(s):  
Komol Singha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Informal Trade ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

With the emergence of globalization, economic integration among nations has become a necessity. Cross border trade is the most important medium of the current wave of globalization. In this process, knowingly or unknowingly the North East economy has emerged in to a new dimension of cross border trade (informal trade) with neighboring nations and that increases Social Welfare of the poor masses of the region. But the formal arrangements, like ‘Look East Policy’ stumbles the social welfare of the region. Border trade is the first and foremost important component of globalization and informal trade is multiple times more than the formal trade in this region. By this process, sustainable development is generated and it is visible now in this region. With the help of primary and secondary data, this paper tries to analyze the impact of globalization or cross border trade in the North East India (NEI). How far this globalization through cross border trade increases social welfare or generates sustainable economic development of the region is the core issue of this paper. For this purpose, the author has selected Nagaland as an area of study. Of late, the Government has initiated several pro-active measures to strengthen its economic growth further. In this direction, India’s Look East Policy is worth mentioning. Under this policy, India seeks economic cooperation with ASEAN and other neighbouring countries through the gateway of the North-Eastern Region. Despite initiatives of economic development, still the process is not heading towards the right direction. There are some institutional lacunae in this process. This paper is the modest attempt to highlight these lacunae and tries to recommend some feasible suggestions to overcome in this direction.

Concerns and Prospects of Yuan’s Internationalization

2014 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
M. Zharikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Reserve ◽  
Reserve Currency ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chinese Yuan

The purpose of this article is to analyze Chinese Yuan and major international reserve currencies on the basis of particular criteria such as a currency’s use in settling cross-border trade and financial transactions. The author estimates the potential of Yuan’s convertibility and its achieving the status of an international reserve currency. The author lays out a background to assess the impact of these probabilities on stable and sustainable economic development in China itself. The conclusion is that the character of Yuan’s internationalization is strikingly different from similar examples of other currencies’ historic paths to an international reserve currency status in that it is closely controlled by the government.

scholarly journals Exit Taxation as an Obstacle to Corporate Emigration from the Spectre of EU Tax Law

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 245-281
Author(s):  
Christiana Hji Panayi
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Tax ◽  
Cross Border Movement

AbstractIn this chapter I examine how the cross-border movement of companies may be affected by some tax rules and I consider the impact of EU law on such rules. The examination is in the context of the case law of the Court of Justice and the limited EU direct tax legislation. I assess how these affect the cross-border movement of companies as well as their investment strategies. I conclude by considering whether this is a satisfactory way of dealing with the issues. The contents of this chapter are based on materials available up to 1st March 2011.

scholarly journals Editörden: KOVİD-19’un Uluslararası Hareketlilik ve Göçmenliğe İlişkin Etkisi Üzerine

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sirkeci ◽  
Mehmet Gökay Özerim ◽  
Tuncay Bilecen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The World ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

Elimizdeki mevcut verilere göre ilk vakanın 2019 yılı Aralık ayı sonunda Çin’in Vuhan kentinde tespit edilmesinin ardından Ocak ayı itibariyle başka ülkelerde de vakaların ortaya çıkmasıyla COVID-19 salgınının yarattığı ilk etki, küresel bir kriz algısı oldu. Ancak virüs ve salgın, bu küresel niteliğinden beklenmeyecek bir yan etki doğurdu ve “sınır tanımayan” bir soruna ulusal sınırlara yönelik önlemler dönemini başlattı. Daha da önemlisi, bu salgın sürecinin insan sağlığı dışında belki de somut olarak gözlemleyebildiğimiz en büyük etkilerinden biri insan hareketliliği üzerinde oluştu. Dergimizin bu sayısını hazırladığımız dönem içerisinde salgının birçok konu ve alanla birlikte uluslararası hareketlilik ve göçmenlik üzerinde nasıl etkiler yaratacağına ilişkin kaygılar devam ediyor. Salgının başlangıcı, ilerlemesi ve henüz tam olarak bilmediğimiz sonrası olmak üzere üç safha açısından baktığımızda, daha ilk safhayı oluşturan başlangıcında bile “sınırlar” ve “göçün” COVID-19 ile bir arada düşünülmesinin aslında bir tesadüf veya sadece bir akademik merakın sonucu olmadığını söylememiz mümkün. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH Editorial: On the Impact of COVID-19 on Crossborder Human Mobility and Migration The first COVID-19 case was reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and the subsequent cases had been identified in some other countries around the world by January 2020. Among many others, one of the most prominent and immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic was the anxiety of a “global crisis”. Despite its’ global and cross-border nature, COVID-19 triggered a period of national precautions regarding the borders. Consequently, beyond human health, a concrete side effect of the pandemic is observed on human mobility. The debates about the perturbative outcomes of the COVID-19 on cross-border human mobility and migration have been still going on within the period that we have been preparing this volume of our journal. A general overview of the daily politics and practices about the breakout, progression and post-pandemic periods of the COVID-19 reveal that the linkage between migration, borders, and COVID-19 is a fact, which is highly related to the nature of the pandemic and national precautions, rather than a coincidence or a result of academic curiosity.

“I Want to Be Trafficked so I Can Migrate!”: Cross-Border Movement of North Koreans into China through Brokerage and Smuggling Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 676 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyunghee Kook
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The North ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Cross Border Movement

This article draws on ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews with forty North Korean escapees involved in smuggling and brokerage networks and explores North Korean escapees’ cross-border mobility to China. It addresses the complexities of smuggling, showing how the category spans a continuum of actions that might be described as saving or rescuing at one pole, and the kind of exploitation generally termed trafficking at the other. By focusing on the multiple and varied interests and motivations of different actors who assist with North Korean women’s migration, I argue that differences among trafficking, smuggling, and migration are constructed rather than essential, and reflect a continued tendency among policy-makers to imagine human mobility through the lens of a fictional opposition between actions that are forced and those that are voluntary. The North Korean women’s migratory processes demonstrate the complexities of brokerage and smuggling networks, revealing how they can, but do not necessarily, entail the kind of exploitation generally termed trafficking.

scholarly journals Exit Taxation as an Obstacle to Corporate Emigration from the Spectre of EU Tax Law

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 245-281
Author(s):  
Christiana Hji Panayi
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Tax ◽  
Cross Border Movement

AbstractIn this chapter I examine how the cross-border movement of companies may be affected by some tax rules and I consider the impact of EU law on such rules. The examination is in the context of the case law of the Court of Justice and the limited EU direct tax legislation. I assess how these affect the cross-border movement of companies as well as their investment strategies. I conclude by considering whether this is a satisfactory way of dealing with the issues. The contents of this chapter are based on materials available up to 1st March 2011.

scholarly journals Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 epidemic: A modelling study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212097946
Author(s):  
Salah Al Awaidy ◽  
Ozayr Mahomed
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 epidemic in Oman. Methods: Data were retrieved from published national surveillance data between 24 February and 30 June 2020. To show the impact of the Government introduced public health intervention early in the epidemic, we used a simple disease-transmission model equation of the 2019-n CoV epidemic. Results: From all confirmed cases, the rates of intensive care unit admission were 4.56% (1824). We estimated an R0 of 3.11 with no intervention would result in nearly the entire population of Oman being infected within 65 days. A reduction of the R0 to 1.51 provided an estimated 89,056 confirmed cases, with 167 deaths or 0.4% mortality by June 30 with a requirement of 4052 intensive care unit beds. The current scenario (24 February to 30 June 2020) indicates an R0 of 1.41, resulting in 40,070 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 176 deaths and 69% of confirmed cases recovered. Conclusion: In early implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, an intensive lockdown has had a profound impact on the mitigation of a large-scale COVID-19 outbreak in Oman.

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK: A longitudinal household cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kausik Chaudhuri ◽  
Anindita Chakrabarti ◽  
Joht Singh Chandan ◽  
Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Background: The global morbidity and mortality burden of COVID19 has been substantial, often widening preexisting inequalities. The approved COVID19 vaccines have shown great promise in reducing disease transmission and severity of outcomes. However, the success of the COVID19 vaccine rollout is dependent on public acceptance and willingness to be vaccinated. In this study, we aim to examine how the attitude towards public sector officials and the government impact vaccine willingness with a secondary aim to understand the impact of ethnicity on this relationship. Methods: This crosssectional study used data from a UK population based longitudinal household survey (Understanding Society COVID19 study, Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study) between April 2020 to January 2021. Data from 22421 participants in Waves 6 and 7 of the study were included after excluding missing data. Demographic details in addition to previous survey responses relating to public sector/governmental trust were included in as covariates in the main analyses. A logit model was produced to describe the association between public sector/governmental mistrust and the willingness for vaccination with interaction terms included to account for ethnicity/socioeconomic status. Findings: In support of existing literature, we identified those from BAME groups were more likely to be unwilling to take the COVID19 vaccine. We found that positive opinions towards public sector officials (OR 2.680: 95% CI 1.888 3.805) and the UK government (OR 3.400; 95% CI 2.454 4.712) led to substantive increase in vaccine willingness. Most notably we identified this effect to be vary across ethnicity and socioeconomic status with those from South Asian background (OR 4.513; 95% CI 1.012 20.123) the most unwilling to be vaccinated when their trust in public sector officials were affected. Interpretation: These findings suggests that trust in public sector officials may play a key factor in the low vaccination rates particularly seen in at risk groups. Given the additional morbidity/mortality risk posed by COVID19 to those from lower socioeconomic or ethnic minority backgrounds, there needs to be urgent public health action to review how to tailor health promotion advice given to these groups and examine methods to improve trust in public sector officials and the Government. Funding: No funding

scholarly journals The duration of travel impacts the spatial dynamics of infectious diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (36) ◽  
pp. 22572-22579 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Giles ◽  
Elisabeth zu Erbach-Schoenberg ◽  
Andrew J. Tatem ◽  
Lauren Gardner ◽  
Ottar N. Bjørnstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Trip Duration ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spatial Transmission

Humans can impact the spatial transmission dynamics of infectious diseases by introducing pathogens into susceptible environments. The rate at which this occurs depends in part on human-mobility patterns. Increasingly, mobile-phone usage data are used to quantify human mobility and investigate the impact on disease dynamics. Although the number of trips between locations and the duration of those trips could both affect infectious-disease dynamics, there has been limited work to quantify and model the duration of travel in the context of disease transmission. Using mobility data inferred from mobile-phone calling records in Namibia, we calculated both the number of trips between districts and the duration of these trips from 2010 to 2014. We fit hierarchical Bayesian models to these data to describe both the mean trip number and duration. Results indicate that trip duration is positively related to trip distance, but negatively related to the destination population density. The highest volume of trips and shortest trip durations were among high-density districts, whereas trips among low-density districts had lower volume with longer duration. We also analyzed the impact of including trip duration in spatial-transmission models for a range of pathogens and introduction locations. We found that inclusion of trip duration generally delays the rate of introduction, regardless of pathogen, and that the variance and uncertainty around spatial spread increases proportionally with pathogen-generation time. These results enhance our understanding of disease-dispersal dynamics driven by human mobility, which has potential to elucidate optimal spatial and temporal scales for epidemic interventions.

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