The association between body mass index and severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A cohort study

Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worst pandemic. The clinical characteristics vary from asymptomatic to fatal. This study aims to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) levels and the severity of COVID-19. Methods and study design A cohort study included 147 adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 were categorized into 4 groups by BMI levels on admission: <18.5 (underweight), 18.5–22.9 (normal weight), 23.0–24.9 (overweight), and ≥25.0 kg/m2 (obese). Rates of pneumonia, severe pneumonia, acute kidney injury (AKI), and ICU stay during hospitalization across BMI group was determined. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between BMI and severe pneumonia. Results Of the totals, patients having a BMI <18.5, 18.5–22.9, 23.0–24.9, and ≥25.0 kg/m2 were 12.9%, 38.1%, 17.7%, and 31.3%, respectively. The rates of pneumonia and severe pneumonia tended to be higher in patients with higher BMI, whereas the rates of AKI and ICU stay were higher in patients with BMI <18.5 kg/m2 and ≥ 25 kg/m2, when compared to patients with normal BMI. After controlling for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia in the logistic regression analysis, having a BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2 was associated with higher risk of severe pneumonia (OR 4.73; 95% CI, 1.50–14.94; p = 0.003) compared to having a BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m2. During admission, elevated hemoglobin and alanine aminotransferase levels on day 7 and 14 of illness were associated with higher BMI levels. In contrast, rising of serum creatinine levels was observed in underweight patients on days 12 and 14 of illness. Conclusions Obesity in patients with COVID-19 was associated with severe pneumonia and adverse outcomes such as AKI, transaminitis and ICU stay. Underweight patients should be closely monitored for AKI. Further studies in body composition are warranted to explore the links between adiposity and COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Download Full-text

Association of Body Mass Index With Postoperative Early Adverse Outcomes in Acute Type a Aortic Dissection Patients in Fujian Province, China: A Retrospective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-96028/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lingyu Lin ◽

Yanjuan Lin ◽

Qiong Chen ◽

Yanchun Peng ◽

Sailan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Aortic Dissection ◽

Body Mass ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Acute Type ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Type A Aortic Dissection

Abstract Background: Abnormal body mass index (BMI) has been related to a higher risk of adverse perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the effects of BMI in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) on postoperative outcomes remain unclear. The aims of this study were to explore the relationships of BMI and postoperative early adverse outcomes in AAAD patientsMethods: Patients who underwent AAAD surgery at Fujian Province Cardiac Medical Research Center from June 2013 to March 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. They were divided into three groups on the basis of Chinese BMI classification established by the World Health Organization: normal group (BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2), overweight group (BMI 24-27.9 kg/m2), and obesity group (BMI > 28kg/m2). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected. Multivariable and univariable logistic regression analysis models were performed to identify whether BMI was independently associated with postoperative adverse outcomes.Results: Of 777 cases, 31.9% were normal weight, 52.5% were overweight, and 15.6% were obese. The percentage of prolonged mechanical ventilation (44.9% vs 55.8% vs 66.1%, respectively; P<0.001) and the median duration of intensive care unit stays (8.1 vs 9.5 vs 12.0 days, respectively; P<0.001) were higher and longer in the overweight and obese group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a higher risk of postoperative early adverse outcomes in the overweight (odds ratio [OR]: 2.374, 95%CI: 1.647–3.422), and obese patients (OR: 3.659, 95%CI: 2.122–6.308) with reference to the normal BMI patients, and age, heart rate, and surgery duration were also associated with postoperative early adverse outcomes (P<0.05).Conclusion: Overweight and obese patients are independently associated with higher postoperative early adverse outcomes in patients who underwent AAAD surgery.

Download Full-text

Association of body mass index with in-hospital major adverse outcomes in acute type A aortic dissection patients in Fujian Province, China: a retrospective study

Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery ◽

10.1186/s13019-021-01432-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lingyu Lin ◽

Yanjuan Lin ◽

Qiong Chen ◽

Yanchun Peng ◽

Sailan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Aortic Dissection ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Acute Type ◽

Type A Aortic Dissection

Abstract Background Abnormal body mass index (BMI) has been related to a higher risk of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the effects of BMI in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) on postoperative outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationships between BMI and in-hospital major adverse outcomes (MAO) in AAAD patients. Methods Patients who underwent AAAD surgery at Cardiac Medical Center of Fujian Province from June 2013 to March 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. They were divided into three groups on the basis of Chinese BMI classification established by the World Health Organization: normal weight group (BMI 18.5–23.9 kg/m2), overweight group (BMI 24–27.9 kg/m2), and obese group (BMI >28 kg/m2). Patients’ baseline characteristics, preoperative, operative, and postoperative data were collected. A multivariable logistic regression analysis model was performed to identify the association between BMI and MAO in AAAD patients. Results Of 777 cases, 31.9% were normal weight, 52.5% were overweight, and 15.6% were obese. A total of 160(20.6%) patients died in-hospital. There was a significant difference between the three groups for MAO (62.9% vs 72.1% vs 77.7%, respectively, P = 0.006). The incidence of postoperative complications did not differ among the three groups, except for postoperative bleeding, and prolonged mechanical ventilation, the proportion of which were higher in the overweight and obese groups. Besides, multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a higher risk of MAO in the overweight [odds ratios (ORs):1.475, 95%CI:1.006–2.162], and obese patients (ORs:2.147, 95%CI:1.219–3.782) with reference to the normal weight patients, and age, white blood cell, prior stroke and cardiopulmonary bypass time were also associated with in-hospital MAO (P<0.05). Conclusions BMI is independently associated with higher in-hospital MAO in patients who underwent AAAD surgery.

Download Full-text

Association of body mass index with in-hospital major adverse outcomes in acute type A aortic dissection patients in Fujian Province, China: a retrospective study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-96028/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lingyu Lin ◽

Yanjuan Lin ◽

Qiong Chen ◽

Yanchun Peng ◽

Sailan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Aortic Dissection ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Acute Type ◽

Type A Aortic Dissection

Abstract Background: Abnormal body mass index(BMI) has been related to a higher risk of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the effects of BMI in patients with acute type A aortic dissection(AAAD) on postoperative outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationships between BMI and in-hospital major adverse outcomes(MAO) in AAAD patients.Methods: Patients who underwent AAAD surgery at Fujian Province Cardiac Medical Research Center from June 2013 to March 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. They were divided into three groups on the basis of Chinese BMI classification established by the World Health Organization: normal weight group(BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2), overweight group(BMI 24-27.9 kg/m2), and obese group(BMI ＞28kg/m2). Patients’ baseline characteristics, preoperative, operative, and postoperative data were collected. A multivariable logistic regression analysis model was performed to identify the association between BMI and MAO in AAAD patients.Results: Of 777 cases, 31.9% were normal weight, 52.5% were overweight, and 15.6% were obese. A total of 160(20.6%) patients died in-hospital. There was a significant difference between the three groups for MAO(62.9% vs 72.1% vs 77.7%, respectively; P=0.006). The incidence of postoperative complications did not differ among the three groups, except for postoperative bleeding, and prolonged mechanical ventilation, the proportion of which were higher in the overweight and obese groups. Besides, multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a higher risk of MAO in the overweight [odds ratios(ORs):1.475, 95%CI:1.006-2.162], and obese patients(ORs:2.147, 95%CI:1.219-3.782) with reference to the normal weight patients, and age, white blood cell, prior stroke and cardiopulmonary bypass time were also associated with in-hospital MAO (P＜0.05).Conclusions: BMI is independently associated with higher in-hospital MAO in patients who underwent AAAD surgery.

Download Full-text

Association between obesity and venous thromboembolism

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports ◽

10.15386/mpr-1372 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cristina Hotoleanu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Body Mass ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Increased Risk

Background and aims. Obesity is associated with numerous pathological conditions, including venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is a multifactorial disease; more than half of the hospitalized patients are at risk for VTE. We aimed to assess the risk of VTE associated with obesity, taking into account the class of obesity (according to the body mass index), gender, age and the intervention of other acquired risk factors. Method. A case-control study including 732 patients was designed. Collected data included: age, gender, body mass index, pregnancy/ postpartum state, use of hormonal therapy, personal and family history of VTE, smoking, prolonged immobilization and the presence of comorbidities- acquired risk factors for VTE. The risk of VTE was expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to detect the independent risk factors. P value < 0.05 was considered significant statistic. Results. Obesity was associated with a 6.2- fold increased risk for VTE. The risk of VTE associated with obesity was highest in patients aged >50 years and in cases included in classes II and III of obesity. The interaction between obesity and another acquired risk factor has almost doubled the risk of VTE. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed obesity as an independent risk factor for VTE for both female and male patients. Conclusion. Obesity is an independent and moderate risk factor for VTE. The risk increases with body mass index, age and the presence of other acquired risk factors.

Download Full-text

Changes in body mass index and risk of adolescent psychopathology: a longitudinal cohort study

Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/ipm.2020.28 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

I. Cotter ◽

C. Healy ◽

R. King ◽

DR. Cotter ◽

M. Cannon

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Body Mass ◽

Adolescent Psychopathology ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Growing Up ◽

Overweight Children ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Reduced Risk

Abstract Background. Abnormal body mass index (BMI) has been associated with development of psychopathology. This association in children is well documented, for both overweight and underweight children. However, the association between change in BMI and the development of psychopathology has been less investigated. Aim. To investigate the association between change in BMI between childhood and adolescence and psychopathology in adolescence. Methods. Data from the Growing Up in Ireland cohort were used. We investigated the ’98 cohort (also known as the child cohort) at age 9/13. BMI, defined using internationally recognised definitions as underweight, healthy or overweight, was used as the exposure, and abnormal Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire scores were used as the outcome. Logistic regression was undertaken for the analysis. All analyses were adjusted for confounders. Results. A change to overweight from healthy BMI was significantly associated with increased risk of psychopathology (adjusted OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.19–2.32). Both change from underweight to healthy (adjusted OR 0.12; 95% CI 0.03–0.43) or from overweight to healthy (adjusted OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.79–0.8) was associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing psychopathology. Discussion. As a child’s BMI returns to within the healthy range, their risk of adolescent psychopathology is reduced. Interventions to restore healthy BMI, in both underweight and overweight, children may reduce their risk of adolescent psychopathology.

Download Full-text

Incidence of Keratoconus and Its Association with Systemic Comorbid Conditions: A Nationwide Cohort Study from South Korea

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2020/3493614 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jong Youn Moon ◽

Jesang Lee ◽

Yoon Hyung Park ◽

Eun-Cheol Park ◽

Si Hyung Lee

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Propensity Scores ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

National Sample ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Adjusted Logistic Regression

Purpose. To determine the incidence of keratoconus and to determine its possible association with common systemic diseases using a nationwide cohort. Methods. This retrospective nationwide cohort study included 1,025,340 subjects from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database from 2004 to 2013. Estimates for incidence rates of keratoconus were identified. After 1 : 5 matching using propensity scores, associations between keratoconus and certain systemic comorbidities were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. The incidence during the same period was 15.1 cases per 100,000 person-years. Adjusted logistic regression analysis after propensity score matching revealed significant associations between keratoconus and allergic rhinitis (odds ratio (OR): 1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63–2.13; p<0.001), asthma (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.36; p<0.001), atopic dermatitis (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.13–1.56; p<0.001), and diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.15–1.58; p<0.001). Conclusion. Estimates of the incidence of keratoconus may help in the planning of eye-care policies, and the results of this study determined the associations between allergic diseases and keratoconus. Conflicting results regarding the association between keratoconus and DM should be further evaluated.

Download Full-text

Development of a preoperative index-based nomogram for the prediction of hypokalemia in patients with pituitary adenoma: a retrospective cohort study

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11650

Author(s):

Wenpeng Li ◽

Lexiang Zeng ◽

Deping Han ◽

Shanyi Zhang ◽

Bingxi Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Pituitary Adenoma ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Training Set ◽

Nonlinear Association

Objective To develop and validate a preoperative index-based nomogram for the prediction of hypokalemia in patients with pituitary adenoma (PA). Methods This retrospective cohort study included 205 patients with PAs between January 2013 and April 2020 in the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China. The patients were randomly classified into either a training set (N = 143 patients) and a validation set (N = 62 patients) at a ratio of 7:3. Variables, which were identified by using the LASSO regression model were included for the construction of a nomogram, and a logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the training set. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram for predicting hypokalemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with a restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to identify a potential nonlinear association between the preoperative index and hypokalemia. Results The incidence of hypokalemia was 38.05%. Seven preoperative indices were identified for the construction of the nomogram: age, type of PA, weight, activated partial thromboplastin time, urea, eosinophil percentage, and plateletocrit. The AUCs of the nomogram for predicting hypokalemia were 0.856 (95% CI [0.796–0.915]) and 0.652 (95% CI [0.514–0.790]) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Restricted cubic splines demonstrated that there was no nonlinear association between hypokalemia and the selected variables. Conclusion In this study, we constructed a preoperative indices-based nomogram that can assess the risk of hypokalemia after the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas. This nomogram may also help to identify high risk patients who require close monitoring of serum potassium.

Download Full-text

Association of lipid profile parameters, atherogenic index of plasma, anthropometric parameters with the severity of the COVID-19 course in Novosibirsk women

Атеросклероз ◽

10.52727/2078-256x-2021-17-4-20-27 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 20-27

Author(s):

N. E. Evdokimova ◽

E. V. Striukova ◽

N. A. Maslatsov ◽

A. D. Khudyakova ◽

M. V. Volkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Hip Circumference ◽

Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽

Coronavirus Infection

Background: Our study aimed to assess the relationship between the parameters of the lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), anthropometry influence with the severity of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in women. Material and methods. The study design was a cross-sectional study. The research included 138 women aged 29–82 years who had undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 at least two months ago. Participants were divided into three groups by severity of infection: mild (n = 61), moderate (n = 70) and severe (n = 7). Body mass index, waistline and hip circumference, waistline circumference to hip circumference index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, AIP were calculated. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the SPSS software package (version 20.0) using the Mann-Whitney test, univariate logistic regression analysis, Pearson chi-squared test. Results. The levels of HDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in group 3 compared with the level of HDL-cholesterol in women in group 2 (p2-3 = 0.046). BMI was higher in the moderately severe group compared to the mild one (26.32 [23.305; 30.4] versus 28.78 [24.72; 34.77], p1-2 = 0.026). Hip circumference was higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in patients with mild course (104 [98; 112] versus 114 [109.5; 126], p1-3 = 0.039), AIP was higher in women with severe course compared to women with moderate and mild course (p1-3 = 0.043, p2-3 = 0.04). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the moderate course of COVID-19 is associated with BMI (OR = 1.09, 95 % CI 1.019–1.166, p1-2 = 0.012), and the severe course with WC (OR = 1.041, 95 % CI 1.001–1.084, p1-3 = 0.046), AIP value ≥ 0.11 (OR = 13.824, 95 % CI 1.505–126.964, p1-3 = 0.02; OR = 11,579, 95 % CI 1,266–105,219, p2-3 = 0.03) and HDL level < 40 mg/dl (OR = 14,750, 95 % CI 2,317–93,906, p1-3 = 0.004; OR = 8,000, 95 % CI 1,313– 48,538, p1-3 = 0.024). Conclusion. Patients from the group with moderate and severe course of the new coronavirus infection have higher body mass index, hip circumference, AIP, lower HDL values. The chance of a moderate course of COVID-19 is associated with an increased BMI value, and a severe course with WC, AIP ≥ 0.11 and HDL level < 40 mg/dl.

Download Full-text

Anemia during different trimesters of pregnancy and hypertensive disorders are associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in Bekwai Municipality, Ghana: protocol for a prospective cohort study.

10.21203/rs.2.19506/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kwabena Acheampong ◽

Xiongfeng Pan ◽

Aizhong Liu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Baseline Characteristics

Abstract Background: Data examining whether anemia during different trimesters of pregnancy affects maternal and birth outcomes is lacking. Studies typically look at associations between risk factors and anemia or anemia and birth outcomes but have limited information as to whether birth outcomes differ with different trimesters of anemia. The main objective of this study is to determine whether anemia during different trimesters of pregnancy and hypertension disorders is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in Ghana.Methods: This will be a primary analysis of data from a hospital-based prospective cohort study in four selected hospitals in the Bekwai Municipality, Ghana from February 2020 to August 2020. All singleton pregnancy at less than 20 weeks to women with at least one hemoglobin measure during pregnancy will be included. The risk of maternal and perinatal outcomes will be measured. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the baseline characteristics of our cohort. Baseline characteristics of the two groups will be compared using Pearson Chi-square (χ2) test for categorical variables; the independent t-test and Mann–Whitney U test for parametric and nonparametric continuous variables, respectively. The risk associated with anemia and maternal and perinatal outcomes, using the history of anemia (Hb<11g/dL) in different trimesters will be calculated by logistic regression analysis, conditional on the baseline covariates. Possible confounding variables will be identified from background data, obstetric risk factors, and health behaviors. Multivariate analysis of significant effects (p<0.05) will be based on multiple logistic regression analysis. Confidence intervals will be evaluated at 95%. Data will be coded and examined using the SPSS program IBM version 20.Discussion: The better understanding of whether anemia during different trimesters of pregnancy and hypertension disorders is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in Bekwai Municipality of Ghana. This study will establish targets for early intervention and identify risk factors to save and improve the lives of pregnant women and inborn by developing solutions that promote the quality and accountability of health services for the most vulnerable. These findings will be served as a policy document to governments in designing effective programs to curb the increasing prevalence of anemia and its associated health consequences.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Hospitalized Patients with Severe Pneumonia Caused by COVID-19 and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H7N9): A Retrospective Study from A Designated Hospital

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28119/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Binbin Gu ◽

Lin Yao ◽

XinYun Zhu ◽

Pei-jun Tang ◽

Cheng Chen

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Exact Test ◽

Viral Shedding ◽

Medical Supplies

Abstract Background Considerable attention has been focused on clinical features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is also important for clinicians to differentiate it from influenza virus infections. Methods The clinical data of 23 cases of H7N9 and 23 cases of COVID-19 with severe pneumonia were collected. The comparisons were performed with the t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher exact test or the chi-squared test, and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results All of the cases were under the circumstance of sufficient medical staff and medical supplies. The rate of coexisting disease was lower in the severe COVID-19 group than in the severe H7N9 group (p < 0.05). Radiologically, severe COVID-19 patients had less consolidation and pleural effusion, but more crazy-paving pattern than severe H7N9 patients (p < 0.05). Clinically, compared to severe H7N9, severe COVID-19 patients were more inclined to surfer to relative better disease severity score, less secondary bacterial infection, a shorter time to beginning absorption on CT, but a longer duration of viral shedding from the admission (p < 0.05). Although more severe H7N9 patients needed non-invasive respiratory support, these two groups ultimately yielded comparable mortality. Based on multiple logistic regression analysis, severe COVID-19 infection was associated with a lower risk of the presence of severe ARDS (OR 0.964, 95% [CI] 0.931–0.998, p = 0.040), but exhibited longer duration of viral shedding (OR 0.734, 95% [CI] 0.550–0.980, p = 0.036) than severe H7N9 infection. Conclusion Although the conditions of severe H7N9 patients seemed to be more critical than those of severe COVID-19 patients, the relatively lower mortality of these two severe cases is to be expected in context of sufficient medical supplies.

Download Full-text