Effect of two phytases at two doses on performance and phytate degradation in broilers during 1–21 days of age

The effect of two microbial phytases at two dose-levels on performance and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients in broilers fed European-type diets was studied. A total of 1,200 d-old Ross 308 male broilers were randomly assigned to 5 treatments with 30 birds/pen and 8 pens/treatment. A nutritionally adequate positive control (PC) diet was tested against 4 experimental diets containing reduced total P, retainable P, Ca and Na as per the recommended nutritional contribution for Buttiauxella phytase (Phy B) at 1,000 FTU/kg (-1.87 g/kg, -1.59 g/kg, -1.99 g/kg and -0.4 g/kg vs. PC, respectively). Experimental diets were supplemented with Phy B at 500 FTU/kg or 1,000 FTU/kg, or Citrobacter phytase (Phy C) at 1,000 FTU/kg or 2,000 FTU/kg. Diets were based on corn, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and sunflower meal and formulated by phase (starter 1–10 d, grower 11–21 d) in crumbled or pelleted form. Overall (d 1–21), at 1,000 FTU/kg, birds fed Phy C exhibited lower BWG (-2.7%), FI (-3.4%) and tibia ash (-2.2%) vs. PC (P < 0.05), and reduced BWG (-3.6%), FI (-3.9%) and tibia ash (-1.8%) vs. Phy B (P < 0.05). Phy B at 1,000 FTU/kg and Phy C at 2,000 FTU/kg maintained performance equivalent to the PC. Digestibility of Ca did not differ among phytase treatments but at 1,000 FTU/kg AID P was greater with Phy B than Phy C (72.3% vs. 62.7%, P < 0.05). Ileal phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, IP6) digestibility was greatest with Phy B at 1,000 FTU/kg which was higher than Phy C at 1,000 FTU/kg (87.6 vs. 60.6%, P < 0.05). The findings indicate a higher phytate degradation rate of Phy B than Phy C at equivalent dose-level and this is correlated to the performance of the broilers.

Download Full-text

Ileal amino acid digestibility and estimates of endogenous amino acid losses in pigs fed rapeseed meal, sunflower meal and soybean meal

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a99-104 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 495-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

C. Jondreville ◽

J. van den Broecke ◽

F. Gâtel ◽

F. Grosjean ◽

S. Van Cauwenberghe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Multiple Regression Model ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Sunflower Meal ◽

N Losses ◽

Oilseed Meal ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Protein Free Diet

Four commercial samples of rapeseed meal (RSM), four of sunflower meal (SFM) and nine of soybean meal (SBM) were analysed and their ileal N and amino acid (AA) digestibilities in growing pigs were studied. Each batch was tested on four castrated male pigs weighing between 40 and 100 kg and fitted with an end-to-end ileo-rectal anastomosis. True ileal digestibility (TD) of AA was calculated by correcting apparent ileal digestibility (AD) for basal endogenous AA losses, measured by means of a protein-free diet. For RSM and SBM, total endogenous gut AA losses were estimated by a multiple regression model and real ileal digestibility (RD) of AA was calculated. In RSM, average TD of lysine, threonine and methionine were 70.7, 73.2 and 86.0%, respectively. These values were 80.0, 81.8 and 91.9%, respectively in SFM and 90.5, 86.8 and 93.0%, respectively, in SBM. In SBM, TD decreased (P < 0.05) with increases in the ratio of dietary acid detergent fibre (ADF) to AA contents. Expressed as g kg−1 dry matter (DM) intake, total endogenous gut N losses reached 4.7 to 6.4 for RSM and 1.9 to 3.5 for SBM. For SBM, they increased (P < 0.001) with dietary ADF concentration and RD of most AA decreased (P < 0.05) with the increase in the ratio of dietary neutral detergent fibre (NDF) to AA concentrations. Key words: Oilseed meal, ileal digestibility, amino acid, endogenous losses, pig

Download Full-text

117 Functionality of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant in enhancing phosphorus digestibility in gestating and lactating sows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 109-109

Author(s):

Deepak Velayudhan ◽

Xandra Benthem de Grave ◽

Katie Waller ◽

Leon Marchal ◽

Yueming Dersjant-Li

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Random Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Restricted Feeding ◽

Sunflower Meal ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Lactating Sows ◽

Ad Libitum

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of phytase on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of phosphorus (P) in gestating and lactating sows. In Exp. 1, a total of 40 sows (parity 2–6) at d 78 of gestation were randomly assigned, based on parity, over 4 experimental diets. In Exp. 2, 40 sows (parity 2.0–6.0) at d 4 of lactation were randomly assigned based on parity, over 4 experimental diets. Both studies had a positive control (PC) diet with adequate levels of calcium (Ca) and digestible P (6.5 and 2.5 g/kg and 7.0 and 3.2 g/kg for gestation and lactation diets, respectively), a negative control (NC) diet with low Ca and digestible P levels (5.0 and 1.0 g/kg and 5.0 and 1.5 g/kg for gestation and lactation diets, respectively), and NC supplemented with a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) or a commercial Buttiauxella sp. phytase (PhyB), both at 500 FTU/kg. Diets were corn, soybean meal and sunflower meal based (phytate P of 3.0 g/kg) with restricted feeding during gestation and ad libitum during lactation. In both studies, fecal samples were collected after an adaptation of 14 d on 4 successive days to determine ATTD of P. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, treatment mean comparison using Tukey test using JMP 14. In addition, data from the Exp. 1 and 2 were pooled to further investigate their combined effect, using trial as random effect. In both studies, supplementation of both phytases improved (P < 0.05) ATTD of P vs NC. With data combined from two trials, sows fed PhyG showed greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of P when compared those fed PhyB. In conclusion, PhyG at 500 FTU/kg showed a greater ATTD of P in sows when compared to the PhyB at 500 FTU/kg, when data combined from two trials.

Download Full-text

The impact of substituting soybean meal and sunflower meal with a mixture of white lupine seeds and rapeseed meal on rabbit doe milk yield and composition, and the growth performance and carcass traits of their litters

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.12.011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 236 ◽

pp. 187-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Z. Volek ◽

T.A. Ebeid ◽

L. Uhlířová

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Sunflower Meal ◽

White Lupine ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of exogenous microbial phytase in improving the bioavailabilities of phosphorus and other nutrients in maize-soya-bean meal diets for broilers

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800058264 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 289-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

B. J. Camden ◽

P.C.H. Morel ◽

D. V. Thomas ◽

V. Ravindran ◽

M. R. Bedford

Keyword(s):

Positive Control ◽

Soya Bean ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Phytate Phosphorus ◽

Phytate Degradation ◽

Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽

Microbial Phytase ◽

Bean Meal ◽

Soya Bean Meal

AbstractA 3-week feeding trial using 300 1-day-old male broiler chicks was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding three levels of a microbial phytase (Finnfeed phytase; 250, 500 and 1000 U per kg diet) to a maize-soya-bean-meal diet containing 3·0 g/kg non-phytate phosphorus and 8·0 g/kg calcium. A diet containing 4·0 g/kg non-phytate phosphorus and 9·0 g/kg calcium served as the positive control. The responses were evaluated in terms of broiler performance, toe ash contents, ileal phytate degradation, ileal digestibility of nitrogen, amino acids, phosphorus, starch and fat, apparent metabolizable energy, apparent ileal digestible energy, and apparent retention of phosphorus and nitrogen. The addition of 500 U phytase per kg diet to the phosphorus-deficient maize-soya-bean-meal diet improved the performance and toe ash contents of broilers to equal those given the positive control diet. Ileal phytate degradation data provided direct evidence to the efficacy of phytase in hydrolysing the phytic acid. Addition of 500 U phytase per kg to the maize-soya-bean-meal diet which contained 3·0 g phytate-phosphorus per kg resulted in more than doubling of phytate degradation from 0·218 to 0·481. Supplemental phytase improved ileal digestibility of nitrogen, amino acids, starch and lipids, with these improvements being eventually reflected in enhancements in ileal digestible energy and apparent metabolizable energy.

Download Full-text

Dietary phosphate equivalence of four forms of Pi contrasted with a novel microbial phytase from Citrobacter braakii in broiler chickens

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14489 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

pp. 1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. J. Cowieson ◽

F. Fru-Nji ◽

O. Adeola

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Microbial Phytase ◽

Dietary Phosphate ◽

Bone Mineralisation ◽

Tibia Ash ◽

Total P

Two 21-day studies were conducted with broilers to evaluate the efficacy of a bacterial 6-phytase from Citrobacter braakii and compare four Pi sources. The four sources were phosphates of monocalcium (MCP), dicalcium (DCP), tricalcium (TCP) with potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) acting as a ‘positive control’ reference. In each study, 336 4-day-old male birds (Ross 708) were blocked based on initial bodyweight (BW) and randomly allotted to one of seven diets with six replicate cages of eight birds each. Access to experimental diets and water from Days 4 to 25 post-hatching was ad libitum. In the first study, the seven diets were: (1) a low-P negative control (NC) corn-soybean meal basal diet formulated to contain crude protein (CP), Ca, total P, and non-phytate P (nPP) at 218, 9.0, 4.5, and 2.0 g/kg, respectively; (2) NC plus 0.75 g Pi from KH2PO4/kg; (3) NC plus 0.75 g Pi from MCP/kg; (4) NC plus 0.75 g Pi from DCP/kg; (5) NC plus 0.75 g Pi from TCP/kg; (6) NC plus phytase at 500 FYT/kg; (7) NC plus phytase at 1000 FYT/kg. Feeding the low-P NC diet reduced (P < 0.01) BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and tibia ash. Supplementing the NC with Pi or phytase linearly improved (P < 0.01) BWG, FI, and tibia ash. Supplementing the NC with 0.75 g/kg Pi from MCP, DCP, or TCP were equipotent in improving BWG and FI; however, percent tibia ash was higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed MCP than either DCP or TCP. The second study was similar to the first study except that Ca, total P, and nPP in the NC were reduced to 7.0, 4.2, and 1.8 g/kg, respectively; and Pi from MCP, DCP, and TCP were reduced to 0.6 g/kg. Similar to observations in the first study, the low-P NC diet reduced (P < 0.01) BWG, FI, and tibia ash; and supplementing the NC with Pi or phytase linearly improved (P < 0.01) BWG, FI, P digestibility and tibia ash. Furthermore, supplementing the NC with 0.75 g Pi from MCP, DCP, or TCP per kg diet were equipotent in improving BWG, FI, and tibia ash though MCP resulted in superior (P < 0.05) retention of P compared with TCP. Results from both studies showed that the phytase was efficacious in releasing phytate-P for growth and bone mineralisation in chickens compensating, at least, the spared Pi, and that Pi sources commonly used in formulating diets of chickens may be different in their potential to supply digestible P.

Download Full-text

Concentrations of minerals in pig feed ingredients commonly used in China1

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.2527/tas2017.0013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 126-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. F. Huang ◽

H. H. Stein ◽

L. Y. Zhang ◽

Defa Li ◽

C. H. Lai

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Peanut Meal ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Corn Germ ◽

Sunflower Meal ◽

Feed Ingredients ◽

Corn Gluten ◽

Gluten Feed ◽

Corn Grain ◽

Corn Ddgs

Abstract Mineral concentrations were determined in 13 different feed ingredients commonly used in swine diets. Ingredients included corn and 4 corn co-products: corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, corn germ meal, and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Wheat, wheat bran, and wheat shorts were also included, and 5 oilseed meals including soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, cottonseed meal, and peanut meal were used as well. Corn grain contained 88.7% dry matter (DM) and 0.46% K (DM basis). Greater concentrations of DM, ash, Ca, P, nonphytate P, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were observed in corn gluten feed, corn DDGS, and corn germ meal compared with corn grain (P < 0.05). In general, minerals in corn DDGS were approximately three times greater than in corn grain and about 90% of the total P in corn DDGS was in the nonphytate bound form. Corn gluten meal had the least concentrations (P < 0.05) of most minerals, but the greatest (P < 0.05) concentrations of Fe (373.55 mg/kg, DM basis), Cu (11.88 mg/kg, DM basis), and Se (0.92 mg/kg, DM basis). On a DM-basis, concentrations of DM, Ca, P, phytate bound P, and Fe in wheat grain were 88.2%, 0.10%, 0.34%, 0.16%, and 53.48 mg/kg, respectively. Wheat bran contained more (P < 0.05) K, Mg, Cl, Fe, Zn, and Mn compared with wheat and wheat shorts. On a DM-basis, 2.72% K was observed in soybean meal, which was more (P < 0.05) than in the other oilseed meals. However, rapeseed meal had the greatest (P < 0.05) concentration of ash (9.37%), Ca (1.01%), P (1.05%), and Fe (526.49 mg/kg) among the oilseed meals, but only 16.2% of the total P in rapeseed meal was non-phytate P. In contrast, more than 50% of the P in soybean meal and peanut meal was non-phytate P. The least (P < 0.05) concentration of Cu (6.73 mg/kg, DM basis) was observed in rapeseed meal and the greatest (P < 0.05) concentration (32.75 mg/kg) was analyzed in sunflower meal. Concentrations of most minerals in soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, cottonseed meal, and peanut meal varied considerably compared with published values. In conclusion, the concentration of minerals in 13 commonly used feed ingredients were analyzed and results indicated considerable variation among and within feed ingredients for most minerals, which for some minerals may be a result of differences in minerals in the soil in which the ingredients were grown, but processing likely also contributes to differences among ingredients.

Download Full-text

Comparison of apparent total tract and ileal digestibility in growing and finishing pigs fed soybean meal, rapeseed meal, and canola meal

Journal of Applied Animal Research ◽

10.1080/09712119.2016.1258364 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 55-59

Author(s):

W. C. Liu ◽

S. I. Lee ◽

S. T. Hong ◽

Y. S. Jang ◽

I. H. Kim

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Ileal Digestibility

Download Full-text

Apparent and standardised ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids in wheat, soybean meal and rapeseed meal for broilers

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.94993 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sini Perttilä ◽

Taina Jalava ◽

Marketta Rinne ◽

Gabriel Da Silva Viana ◽

Jarmo Valaja

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Endogenous Amino Acids ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Protein Free Diet

The apparent (AID) and(SID) ileal amino acid digestibilities in wheat, soybean meal, and rapeseed meal were determined with Ross 308 broiler chicken (n = 64) using the slaughter technique with chromium mordanted straw as an indigestible marker. The recovery of endogenous amino acids at the distal ileum was determined with a protein-free diet and it was used to calculate the SID digestibilities of the studied feed ingredients. The mean amino acid AID and SID were higher in soybean meal and wheat than in rapeseed meal (p<0.05). The mean amino acid flow measured from the ileum was the highest in rapeseed meal, intermediate in soybean meal, and the lowest in wheat (p<0.05). The main amino acids in the basal endogenous secretion were aspartic and glutamic acid and the lowest ones present were methionine and histidine (p<0.05). The difference between amino acid AID and SID values varied among ingredients and was higher in wheat than in soybean meal and rapeseed meal (p<0.05).

Download Full-text

Effect of two commercial limestone sources with different solubility on the efficacy of two phytases in 0-21 d old broilers

Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition ◽

10.3920/jaan2020.0003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 61-73

Author(s):

R. Davin ◽

C. Kwakernaak ◽

Y. Dersjant-Li

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Control Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Two Phases ◽

Tibia Ash

A study evaluated the effects of limestone sources with different solubility on the efficacy of two phytases in broilers. A 2×5 factorial arrangement was employed with two commercial limestone sources and five diet treatments; a positive control (PC) diet with 7.2 g/kg P and 9.6 g/kg Ca, and a negative control diet containing reductions of 1.87 g/kg available P, 1.99 g/kg Ca and 0.4 g/kg Na, supplemented with either Buttiauxella phytase (PhyB) or Escherichia coli phytase (PhyE) at 500 or 1000 FTU/kg diet. The two limestone sources were feed-grade commercial products with different particle sizes and solubility (fast-soluble (FS) 100%; slow-soluble (SS) 26% soluble after 30 minutes at pH 3) containing similar levels of Ca. Diets were fed to one-day-old Ross 308 males (n=2,400) with 30 birds/pen and eight pens/treatment in two phases (starter 0-10 d and grower 10-21 d). On d 21, ileal digesta was collected from 12 birds/pen to determine apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of P and Ca, and myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) disappearance, and tibias from four birds/pen for ash determination. The SS limestone improved body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and FCR vs FS limestone in starter/grower phases (P<0.05), and improved AID of P (P<0.05) and IP6 disappearance (P<0.05) at d 21. There was an interaction between limestone and phytase on BWG, FI and FCR in the grower phase (P≤0.05) whereby FS (vs SS) limestone reduced BWG at either dose of PhyE, but only at 500 FTU/kg of PhyB. At an equivalent dose, PhyB had higher BWG and feed intake than PhyE (P<0.05). At 1000 FTU/kg, performance was equivalent (BWG and FI) or superior (FCR) to the PC, PhyB produced greater tibia ash, AID of P and IP6 disappearance (P<0.05). The findings showed that the effects of limestone particle size on phytase efficacy varied with phytase source and dose.

Download Full-text