Evaluation of substrate composition and exogenous hormone application on vegetative propagule rooting success of essential oil hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

To support the rapidly expanding industrial hemp industry, a commercial supply of high-quality starter plants with low genetic variability from nurseries will be key to consistent and efficient cultivation efforts. Rooting success was evaluated across four propagation medias, five rooting hormones, and eight commercially available high-cannabidiol (CBD) essential oil hemp cultivars. Cuttings were placed in a climate-controlled room and assessed for rooting success 12 days after cloning. Rooting success was determined by quantifying total root number, cumulative total root length, and total root mass. Propagation media had the greatest effect on rooting success (13–80%). Rockwool had the highest rooting success resulting in 10-fold increases in rooting traits over the next highest scoring medium (Berger BM6). Hormone applications significantly improved (15- to 18-fold) rooting success compared to no hormone application, while non-statistical differences were observed across auxin hormone concentrations and application methods. Genetic variation in rooting response was observed between cultivars with ‘Cherry Wine’ outperforming all other cultivars with an approximate 20% increase in rooting success over the next highest rooting cultivar, ‘Wife’. Although the ideal combination was not specifically identified in this study, findings provide insight into how rooting hormone application and medium selection impact vegetative propagule rooting success of essential oil hemp.

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Evaluation of substrate composition and exogenous hormone application on vegetative propagule rooting success of essential oil hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

10.1101/2021.03.15.435449 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sean M. Campbell ◽

Steven Langlie Anderson ◽

Zachary Brym ◽

Brian J. Pearson

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Mass Propagation ◽

Exogenous Hormone ◽

Vegetative Propagule ◽

Industrial Hemp ◽

Medium Selection ◽

Insight Into ◽

Propagation Media ◽

The Ideal

To support the rapidly expanding industrial hemp industry, a commercial supply of high-quality starter plants with low genetic variability from nurseries will be key to consistent and efficient cultivation efforts. Rooting success was evaluated across four propagation medias, five rooting hormones, and eight commercially available high-cannabidiol (CBD) essential oil hemp cultivars. Cuttings were placed in a climate-controlled room and assessed for rooting success 12 days after cloning. Rooting success was determined by quantifying total root number, cumulative total root length, and total root mass. Propagation media had the greatest effect on rooting success (13-80 %). Rockwool had the highest rooting success resulting in 10-fold increases in rooting traits over the next highest scoring medium (Berger BM6). Hormone applications significantly improved (15- to 18-fold) rooting success compared to no hormone application, while non-statistical differences were observed across auxin hormone concentrations and application methods. Genetic variation in rooting response was observed between cultivars with ‘Cherry Wine’ outperforming all other cultivars with an approximate 20% increase in rooting success over the next highest rooting cultivar, ‘Wife’. Although the ideal combination was not specifically identified in this study, findings provide insight into how rooting hormone application and medium selection impact vegetative propagule rooting success of essential oil hemp.

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Industrial, CBD, and Wild Hemp: How Different Are Their Essential Oil Profile and Antimicrobial Activity?

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25204631 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (20) ◽

pp. 4631

Author(s):

Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽

Vladimir Sikora ◽

Ivayla Dincheva ◽

Miroslava Kačániová ◽

Tess Astatkie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

The Usa ◽

Total Oil ◽

Industrial Hemp ◽

Selection Of

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is currently one of the most controversial and promising crops. This study compared nine wild hemp (C. sativa spp. spontanea V.) accessions with 13 registered cultivars, eight breeding lines, and one cannabidiol (CBD) hemp strain belonging to C. sativa L. The first three groups had similar main essential oil (EO) constituents, but in different concentrations; the CBD hemp had a different EO profile. The concentration of the four major constituents in the industrial hemp lines and wild hemp accessions varied as follows: β-caryophyllene 11–22% and 15.4–29.6%; α-humulene 4.4–7.6% and 5.3–11.9%; caryophyllene oxide 8.6–13.7% and 0.2–31.2%; and humulene epoxide 2, 2.3–5.6% and 1.2–9.5%, respectively. The concentration of CBD in the EO of wild hemp varied from 6.9 to 52.4% of the total oil while CBD in the EO of the registered cultivars varied from 7.1 to 25%; CBD in the EO of the breeding lines and in the CBD strain varied from 6.4 to 25% and 7.4 to 8.8%, respectively. The concentrations of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the EO of the three groups of hemp were significantly different, with the highest concentration being 3.5%. The EO of wild hemp had greater antimicrobial activity compared with the EO of registered cultivars. This is the first report to show that significant amounts of CBD could be accumulated in the EO of wild and registered cultivars of hemp following hydro-distillation. The amount of CBD in the EO can be greater than that in the EO of the USA strain used for commercial production of CBD. Furthermore, this is among the first reports that show greater antimicrobial activity of the EO of wild hemp vs. the EO of registered cultivars. The results suggest that wild hemp may offer an excellent opportunity for future breeding and the selection of cultivars with a desirable composition of the EO and possibly CBD-rich EO production.

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Influence of the Use of an Ionic Liquid as Pre-Hydrodistillation Maceration Medium on the Composition and Yield of Cannabis sativa L. Essential Oil

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26185654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (18) ◽

pp. 5654

Author(s):

Andrea Mezzetta ◽

Roberta Ascrizzi ◽

Marco Martinelli ◽

Filomena Pelosi ◽

Cinzia Chiappe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Hemp Fiber ◽

Fiber Production ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Industrial Hemp ◽

First Time

Cannabis sativa L. is a multi-purpose crop, whose resilience, adaptability and soil-enriching properties make it a low-impact production. In the last years, the cultivation of the “industrial” hemp varieties (THC < 0.2%) has been promoted by many Countries, opening a whole new market of hemp-derived products, such as its essential oil (EO). Its distillation might represent an effective method to exploit a residue of the hemp fiber production (flowers), complying with the guidelines of the circular economy. In the present work, different concentrations of an ionic liquid (IL; 1,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium dimethylphosphate) have been studied as a pre-hydrodistillation maceration medium. The EO yields have been evaluated, and their compositions have been analyzed by GC-EIMS. The use of 100% and 90% IL concentrations gave a hydrodistillation yield increment of 250% and 200%, respectively. The 200% yield increase was maintained when the 100% IL was recycled after the hydrodistillation. The lower IL concentrations incremented the cannabinoid and oxygenated sesquiterpene contents, while the opposite was true for sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The proposed IL-enhanced hydrodistillation medium applied to hemp, studied for the first time in the present work, might be used to both (i) noteworthy increment the hydrodistillation yield and (ii) modulate the obtained EO composition based on the desired final product.

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Valorizing industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by-products: Cannabidiol enrichment in the inflorescence essential oil optimizing sample pre-treatment prior to distillation

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.10.045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 128 ◽

pp. 581-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Dennis Fiorini ◽

Arnaud Molle ◽

Massimo Nabissi ◽

Giuseppe Santini ◽

Giovanni Benelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Industrial Hemp ◽

By Products

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The essential oil from industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by-products as an effective tool for insect pest management in organic crops

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.05.032 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 122 ◽

pp. 308-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Giovanni Benelli ◽

Roman Pavela ◽

Riccardo Petrelli ◽

Loredana Cappellacci ◽

Giuseppe Santini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Pest Management ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Insect Pest Management ◽

Industrial Hemp ◽

By Products

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Plant-Based Protein Hydrolysate Improves Salinity Tolerance in Hemp: Agronomical and Physiological Aspects

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 342 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ida Di Mola ◽

Stefano Conti ◽

Eugenio Cozzolino ◽

Giuseppe Melchionna ◽

Lucia Ottaiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Protein Hydrolysate ◽

Saline Water ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Photochemical Reactions ◽

Physiological Level ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Irrigation Solution ◽

Insight Into

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multipurpose plant attracting increasing interest as a source for the production of natural fibers, paper, bio-building material and food. In this research we studied the agronomical performance of Cannabis sativa cv. Eletta Campana irrigated with saline water. Under those conditions, we tested the effect of protein hydrolysate (PH) biostimulant application in overcoming and/or balancing deleterious salinity effects. The results of the diverse treatments were also investigated at the physiological level, focusing on photosynthesis by means of a chlorophyll a fluorescence technique, which give an insight into the plant primary photochemical reactions. Four salinity levels of the irrigation solution (fresh water–EC0, and NaCl solutions at EC 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 dS m−1, EC2, EC4 and EC6, respectively) were combined with 2 biostimulant treatments (untreated (control) or treated with a commercial legume-derived protein hydrolysate (LDPH)). The increasing salinity affected plant photochemistry resulting in lower plant growth and seed production, while the LDPH biostimulant showed a protective effect, which improved crop performance both in control and in salinity conditions. The LDPH treatment improved seeds yield (+38.6% on average of all treated plants respect to untreated plants), as well as residual biomass, relevant in fiber production.

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From residue to resource: The multifaceted environmental and bioeconomy potential of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Resources Conservation and Recycling ◽

10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105864 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 175 ◽

pp. 105864

Author(s):

Carlo Moscariello ◽

Silvio Matassa ◽

Giovanni Esposito ◽

Stefano Papirio

Keyword(s):

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Industrial Hemp

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New Insights on the Mechanism of Fatty Acids as Buccal Permeation Enhancers

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics10040201 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 201 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Cristina Padula ◽

Silvia Pescina ◽

Sara Nicoli ◽

Patrizia Santi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽

Penetration Enhancers ◽

Systemic Delivery ◽

Permeation Enhancers ◽

Maximum Value ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into ◽

The Ideal

Buccal mucosa has recently received much attention as a potential route for systemic delivery of drugs, including biologics and vaccines. The aim of this work was to gain insight into the mechanism of fatty acids as buccal permeation enhancers, by studying the effect of a series of medium and long chain fatty acids on the permeation of a model high molecular weight and hydrophilic molecule, fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled dextran (FD-4, m.w. 4 kDa) across porcine esophageal epithelium. A parabolic relationship between fatty acid lipophilicity and enhancement was obtained, regardless of the presence and number of double bonds. The relationship, which resembles the well-known relationship between permeability and lipophilicity of transdermal delivery, presents a maximum value in correspondence of C10 (logP approx. 4). This is probably the ideal lipophilicity for the fatty acid to interact with the lipid domains of the mucosa. When the same analysis was performed on skin data, the same trend was observed, although the maximum value was reached for C12 (logP approx. 5), in agreement with the higher lipophilicity of the skin. The results obtained in the present work represent a significant advancement in the understanding of the mechanisms of action of fatty acids as buccal penetration enhancers.

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