scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease subtypes, physical disability and workforce participation: A cross-sectional study of 163,562 middle-aged Australians

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249738
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed ◽  
Grace Joshy ◽  
Ellie Paige ◽  
Emily Banks ◽  
Rosemary Korda
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Workforce Participation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quantitative Evidence

Background Workforce participation is reduced among people with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, detailed quantitative evidence on this is limited. We examined the relationship of CVD to workforce participation in older working-age people, by CVD subtype, within population subgroups and considering the role of physical disability. Methods Questionnaire data (2006–2009) for participants aged 45–64 years (n = 163,562) from the population-based 45 and Up Study (n = 267,153) were linked to hospitalisation data through the Centre for Health Record Linkage. Prior CVD was from self-report or hospitalisation. Modified Poisson regression estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for non-participation in the workforce in people with versus without CVD, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Results There were 19,161 participants with CVD and 144,401 without. Compared to people without CVD, workforce non-participation was greater for those with CVD (40.0% vs 23.5%, PR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.33–1.39). The outcome varied by CVD subtype: myocardial infarction (PR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.36–1.55); cerebrovascular disease (PR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.80–2.06); heart failure (PR = 1.83, 95%CI = 1.68–1.98) and peripheral vascular disease (PR = 1.76, 95%CI = 1.65–1.88). Workforce non-participation in those with CVD versus those without was at least 21% higher in all population subgroups examined, with PRs ranging from 1.75 (95%CI = 1.65–1.85) in people aged 50–55 years to 1.21 (95%CI = 1.19–1.24) among those aged 60–64. Compared to people with neither CVD nor physical functioning limitations, those with physical functional limitations were around three times as likely to be out of the workforce regardless of CVD diagnosis; participants with CVD but without physical functional limitations were 13% more likely to be out of the workforce (PR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.07–1.20). Conclusions While many people with CVD participate in the workforce, participation is substantially lower, especially for people with cerebrovascular disease, than for people without CVD, highlighting priority areas for research and support, particularly for people experiencing physical functioning limitations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of disabilities and non-communicable diseases in an elderly population in the Telangana state, India: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041755
Author(s):  
Srinivas Marmamula ◽  
Satya Brahmanandam Modepalli ◽  
Thirupathi Reddy Kumbham ◽  
Rajesh Challa ◽  
Jill E Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of disabilities (vision, hearing, mobility, cognitive, self-care and communication) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the elderly population in two districts in Telangana, India.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using a cluster random sampling method to select the study clusters.SettingElderly population in Khammam and Warangal districts were recruited. Detailed interviews were conducted by trained community health workers. Personal and demographic information such as age, gender, level of education and a self-report of NCDs was collected. The Washington Disability Questionnaire was administered to assess the presence of disabilities.Participants1821 participants aged ≥60 years, 54.5% were women, and 73.3% had no education.Primary outcome measurePrevalence of disabilities and NCDs.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of at least disability was 20.3% (95% CI 16.3 to 24.9). The prevalence of self- reported disabilities were: seeing (5.9%; 95% CI 4.4 to 7.8), mobility (12.8%; 95% CI 9.7 to 16.8), hearing (3.6%; 95% CI 2.7 to 4.8), cognition (4.8%; 95% CI 3.5 to 6.7), self-care (3.3%; 95% CI 2.3 to 4.7) and communication (1.8%; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). Overall, the prevalence of at least one NCD was 34.2% (95% CI 30.9 to 37.7). Hypertension was the most common systemic condition (25.4%; 95% CI 22.4 to 28.7), followed by diabetes (9.0%; 95% CI 7.3 to 11.0), and body pains (muscle-skeletal) (9.9%; 95% CI 8.1 to 12.2).ConclusionEvery fifth elderly person in the districts of Khammam and Warangal in Telangana had at least one self-reported disability. Besides, a third of the elderly had at least one NCD. There is a definite need to develop comprehensive public health strategies to address disabilities and NCDs in Telangana.

scholarly journals Association of Edentulism with Various Chronic Diseases in Mexican Elders 60+ Years: Results of a Population-Based Survey

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Alejandro José Casanova-Rosado ◽  
Juan Fernando Casanova-Rosado ◽  
Mirna Minaya-Sánchez ◽  
José Luís Robles-Minaya ◽  
Juan Alejandro Casanova-Sarmiento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
World Health ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
World Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: To determine the association of edentulism with different chronic diseases and mental disorders in Mexicans aged 60 years and over. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the World Health Survey for Mexico, in a probabilistic, multi-stage cluster sampling framework. Data for self-report of chronic diseases (diabetes, arthritis, angina pectoris and asthma), mental disorders (depression and schizophrenia) and edentulism were analyzed. Edentulism data were available for 20 of the 32 States of Mexico. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata 14.0 using the svy module for complex sampling (Complex nature under which individuals are sampled). Results: In total 4213 subjects were included, representing a population of 7,576,057 individuals. Mean age was 70.13 ± 7.82 years (range 60 to 98); 56.2% were women. Chronic diseases’ prevalence and mental disorders prevalence were as follows: diabetes 15.0% (N = 1,132,693); arthritis 13.2% (N = 1,001,667); depression 5.5% (N = 414,912); angina pectoris 4.5% (344,315); asthma 3.6% (N = 269,287); and schizophrenia 2.2% (N = 16,988). The prevalence of edentulism was 26.3%, which pertained to 1,993,463 people aged 60 years and over. Angina in women aged 60 to 69 years (p < 0.05) and depression in men aged 70 years and over (p < 0.0001) were associated with higher prevalence of edentulism. Conclusions: There was generally sparse association between edentulism on chronic diseases and mental disorders included in the study, except for women aged 60 to 69 years for angina, and in men aged 70 and over, for depression. Although our findings are misaligned with previous reports, longitudinal studies are required to test causal and temporal relationships between edentulism with chronic diseases and mental disorders.

Fish Intake and MRI Burden of Cerebrovascular Disease in Older Adults

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012916
Author(s):  
Aline Thomas ◽  
Fabrice Crivello ◽  
Bernard Mazoyer ◽  
Stephanie Debette ◽  
Christophe Tzourio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fish Intake ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background and Objective:Fish intake may prevent cerebrovascular disease (CVD), yet the mechanisms are unclear, especially regarding its impact on subclinical damage. Assuming that fish may have pleiotropic effect on cerebrovascular health, we investigated the association of fish intake with global CVD burden based on brain MRI markers.Methods:This cross-sectional analysis included participants from the Three-City Dijon population-based cohort (aged ≥65 years) without dementia, stroke, or history of hospitalized cardiovascular disease, who underwent brain MRI with automated assessment of white matter hyperintensities, visual detection of covert infarcts, and grading of dilated perivascular spaces. Fish intake was assessed through a frequency questionnaire and the primary outcome measure was defined as the first component of a factor analysis of mixed data applied to MRI markers. The association of fish intake with the CVD burden indicator was studied using linear regressions.Results:In total, 1,623 participants (mean age, 72.3 years; 63% women) were included. The first component of factor analysis (32.4% of explained variance) was associated with higher levels of all three MRI markers. Higher fish intake was associated with lower CVD burden. In a model adjusted for total intracranial volume, compared to participants consuming fish <1 per week, those consuming fish 2-3 and ≥4 times per week had a β = -0.19 (95% CI, -0.37; -0.01) and β = -0.30 (-0.57; -0.03) lower indicator of CVD burden, respectively (P trend <0.001). We found evidence of effect modification by age, so that the association of fish to CVD was stronger in younger participants (65-69 years) and not significant in participants aged ≥75 years. For comparison, in the younger age group, consuming fish 2-3 times a week was roughly equivalent (in opposite direction) to the effect of hypertension.Discussion:In this large population-based study, higher frequency of fish intake was associated with lower CVD burden, especially among participants younger than 75 years, suggesting a beneficial effect on brain vascular health before manifestation of overt brain disease.Classification of Evidence:This study provides Class II evidence that in individuals without stroke or dementia, higher fish intake is associated with lower subclinical CVD at MRI.

scholarly journals Female sex and cardiovascular disease risk in rural Uganda: a cross-sectional, population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itai M. Magodoro ◽  
Maggie Feng ◽  
Crystal M. North ◽  
Dagmar Vořechovská ◽  
John D. Kraemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Female Sex

scholarly journals Development of a health literacy scale for preconception care: a study of the reproductive age population in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiko Suto ◽  
Haruhiko Mitsunaga ◽  
Yuka Honda ◽  
Eri Maeda ◽  
Erika Ota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preconception Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Skills

Abstract Background Preconception care aims to improve both maternal and child health in the short as well as long term, along with providing health benefits to adolescents, women, and men, whether or not they plan to become parents. However, there is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions for improving preconception health in population-based settings. To accumulate evidence in this field, this study focused on the concept of health literacy, and aimed to develop a self-report health literacy scale in Japanese, focusing on preconception care. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey. Participants were recruited from December 2019 to February 2020 from the registered members of a web-based research company. Participants were Japanese men and women aged 16–49 (n = 2000). A factor analysis was conducted to select both factors and items for health-related behavior and skills (33 initial items were generated), along with an item response theory analysis to examine how the 16 items were related to people’s knowledge of preconception care. Results We developed a 6-factor (including “appropriate medical examinations,” “appropriate diet,” “stress coping,” “healthy weight,” “safe living environment,” and “vaccinations”), 25-item behavior and skills scale, as well as a 13-item knowledge scale, to evaluate participants’ health literacy around preconception care. A shortened version, consisting of 17 items, was also prepared from the 25 items. The reliability coefficients of total scores and each factor of the behavior and skills scale were comparatively high, with weak-to-moderate correlation between behavior and skills and knowledge. Conclusions The new scale will, ideally, provide information on the current state of preconception care health literacy of the general population. In addition, this scale, which consists of both behavioral/skills and knowledge dimensions, should help support the effective implementation of risk assessment programs and interventions aimed at promoting behavioral changes using a population-based approach. Future studies using different question/administration formats for diverse populations, and considering respondents’ opinions on health literacy scales should be effective in improving this scale.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Self-Report Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6497
Author(s):  
Isabela Silva Levindo de Siqueira ◽  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Samira Nascimento Mamed ◽  
Thays Angélica de Pinho Santos ◽  
Suiany Dias Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Region

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for self-reported diabetes mellitus (DM) in the adult population of the Central-West region of Brazil. In 2013, a cross-sectional study using the data from the National Health Survey and comprising 7519 individuals aged ≥18 years from the Central-West region was conducted. Participants were interviewed at their homes about sociodemographic data and risk factors for DM. To verify the risk factors with DM, the Poisson regression model was used. The analyses were performed for the total sample and stratified according to sex. The prevalence of DM was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.7–7.3). The diagnosis of self-reported DM was 4.3% in men and 7.5% in women. In the global sample, it was found that age between 40–59 years and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity were independently associated with self-reported DM. In men, risk factors were: Age ≥ 60 years, self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, and obesity. In women, risk factors were: Age 30–39 years, 40–59 years, and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM was 6.5%. DM was associated with advanced age; previous smoking (former smoker), hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Some differences in risk factors between men and women were noted.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease in asthma and COPD: A population-based retrospective cross-sectional study

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cazzola ◽  
Luigino Calzetta ◽  
Germano Bettoncelli ◽  
Claudio Cricelli ◽  
Francesco Romeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Disability and Functional Limitation among Elderly Rural Population in Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Abdulraheem ◽  
A. R. Oladipo ◽  
M. O. Amodu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disability ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. The number of people surviving into old age is increasing, and it has now become a global phenomenon. Studies on the prevalence and correlates of physical disability and functional limitation among elderly Nigerians are scanty.Methodology. This is a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in 3 local government areas (LGAs) in Nigeria, using a multistage sampling technique. Functional limitations of 1824 elderly persons were tested using Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment tool (TPOMAT) and self-reported activities of daily living (ADL). ADL disability of ten, six, and five basic items were compared.Results. The prevalence ratios (PRs) of physical disability using the ten, six, and five basic ADL items were 28.3 (95% CI 25.2–31. 5), 15.7 (95% CI 13.4–19.8), and 12.1 (95% CI 9.8–15.3), respectively, while functional limitation was 22.5 (95% CI 18.1–24.4). Increased risk of disability was independently associated with female gender PR 3.6 (95% CI 1.5–7.4), advanced age ≥75 years; PR 22.2 (95% CI 14.5, 36.8), arthritis PR 3.7 (95% CI 2.6–4.6), stroke PR 4.8 (95% CI 3.7–7.9) and diabetes PR 6.1 (95% CI 4.3–7.1).Conclusions. The findings from this study are pointers to unmet needs of the elderly disabled Nigerians.

Neuropathic Pain, Depression, and Cardiovascular Disease: A National Multicenter Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn J. Cragg ◽  
Vanessa K. Noonan ◽  
Luc Noreau ◽  
Jaimie F. Borisoff ◽  
John K. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Emerging Risk ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have a more than twofold increased risk of heart disease and stroke compared with able-bodied individuals. The increased risk appears to be in excess of the risk conferred by several well-established risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, and sex. This raises the question whether other factors, secondary to SCI, are also contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Two potential factors associated with SCI and CVD are pain and depression. Both are frequently reported among individuals with SCI, develop in the acute stages of injury, and are commonly described as severe. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between pain (and types of pain) and depression with CVD among individuals with SCI. Methods: A total of 1,493 individuals (referred sample) with chronic SCI participated in a self-report cross-sectional multicenter Canada-wide survey from 2011-2012 (mean age ± standard deviation: 49.6 ± 13.9 years). Results: After adjustment for age, sex, and injury characteristics, neuropathic pain and depression were significantly and independently associated with CVD (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 2.27 (1.21, 4.60) for neuropathic pain; 4.07 (2.10, 7.87) for depression). In contrast to neuropathic pain, non-neuropathic pain was not significantly associated with CVD (p = 0.13). Conclusion: In conclusion, these data illustrate important interrelationships between secondary complications following SCI, as well as raise the possibility of neuropathic pain (versus nociceptive pain) as a novel and emerging risk factor for CVD.

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