scholarly journals In science we (should) trust: Expectations and compliance across nine countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252892
Author(s):  
Cristina Bicchieri ◽  
Enrique Fatas ◽  
Abraham Aldama ◽  
Andrés Casas ◽  
Ishwari Deshpande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Vignette Experiment ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
At Home

The magnitude and nature of the COVID-19 pandemic prevents public health policies from relying on coercive enforcement. Practicing social distancing, wearing masks and staying at home becomes voluntary and conditional on the behavior of others. We present the results of a large-scale survey experiment in nine countries with representative samples of the population. We find that both empirical expectations (what others do) and normative expectations (what others approve of) play a significant role in compliance, beyond the effect of any other individual or group characteristic. In our vignette experiment, respondents evaluate the likelihood of compliance with social distancing and staying at home of someone similar to them in a hypothetical scenario. When empirical and normative expectations of individuals are high, respondents’ evaluation of the vignette’s character’s compliance likelihood goes up by 55% (relative to the low expectations condition). Similar results are obtained when looking at self-reported compliance among those with high expectations. Our results are moderated by individuals’ trust in government and trust in science. Holding expectations high, the effect of trusting science is substantial and significant in our vignette experiment (22% increase in compliance likelihood), and even larger in self-reported compliance (76% and 127% increase before and after the lockdown). By contrast, trusting the government only generates modest effects. At the aggregate level, the country-level trust in science, and not in government, becomes a strong predictor of compliance.

scholarly journals In Science we (should) trust: expectations and compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Bicchieri ◽  
Enrique Fatas ◽  
Abraham Aldama ◽  
Andres Casas ◽  
Ishwari Deshpande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Expectations ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Vignette Experiment

Abstract The magnitude and nature of the COVID-19 pandemic prevents public health policies from relying on coercive enforcement. Practicing social distancing, wearing masks and staying at home are voluntary and conditional on the behavior of others. We present the results of a large-scale survey experiment in nine countries with representative samples of the population. We find that both empirical expectations (what others do) and normative expectations (what others approve of) play a significant role in compliance, beyond the effect of any other individual or group characteristic. In our survey experiment, when empirical and normative expectations of individuals are high, compliance goes up by 55% (relative to the low expectations condition). Similar results are obtained when we look at self-reported compliance among those with high expectations. Our results are driven by an asymmetric interaction with individuals’ trust in government and science. Holding both expectations high, the effect of trusting science is substantial and significant in our vignette experiment (22% increase in compliance), and even larger in self-reported compliance (76% and 127% increase before and after the lockdown). By contrast, trusting the government only generates modest effects. At the macro level, the country-level trust in science, and not in government, becomes a strong predictor of compliance.

scholarly journals Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Pemberlakuan Social Distancing Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Sebagai Implementasi Modal Sosial

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Ade Suherman ◽  
Tetep Tetep ◽  
Asep Supriyatna ◽  
Eldi Mulyana ◽  
Triani Widyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
At Home

The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain public perceptions of the implementation of social distancing during the pandemic as the implementation of social capital. This study was motivated by the phenomenon of the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in a number of countries, including Indonesia. This condition not only affects the economic condition of a country, hinders social interaction among the community, and also has an impact on the health condition of every human being. To avoid the wider spread of Covid-19, the government was forced to adopt social distancing and physical distancing policies in the form of staying at home, working from home, studying, and worshiping at home. This research approach is descriptive qualitative. The data of this research is the impact of social distancing for the community in Tarogong Kidul District, Garut Regency. Sources of data come from several communities with a total of 50 respondents. Collecting data in this study using interview techniques, record, and continue to take notes. The results of the research can be concluded that with the implementation of social distancing in the pandemic period, at least the community can implement social capital which includes informal values ​​or norms that are shared among members of an interrelated community group, which is based on the values ​​of beliefs, norms and networks social and they respect each other, the development of social capital is the creation of increasingly independent groups of people who are able to participate more meaningfully. Social capital can solve citizens' problems, especially with regard to strengthening friendship, repairing and maintaining public service facilities because it has advantages and is the most appropriate, even though there are other social capital in the community.

scholarly journals Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Pemberlakuan Social Distancing Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Sebagai Implementasi Modal Sosial

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Ade Suherman ◽  
Tetep Tetep ◽  
Eldi Mulyana ◽  
Asep Supriyatna ◽  
Triani Widyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
At Home

Abstract– The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain public perceptions of the implementation of social distancing during the pandemic as the implementation of social capital. This study was motivated by the phenomenon of the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in a number of countries, including Indonesia. This condition not only affects the economic condition of a country, hinders social interaction among the community, and also has an impact on the health condition of every human being. To avoid the wider spread of Covid-19, the government was forced to adopt social distancing and physical distancing policies in the form of staying at home, working from home, studying, and worshiping at home. This research approach is descriptive qualitative. The data of this research is the impact of social distancing for the community in Tarogong Kidul District, Garut Regency. Sources of data come from several communities with a total of 50 respondents. Collecting data in this study using interview techniques, record, and continue to take notes. The results of the research can be concluded that with the implementation of social distancing in the pandemic period, at least the community can implement social capital which includes informal values ​​or norms that are shared among members of an interrelated community group, which is based on the values ​​of beliefs, norms and networks social and they respect each other, the development of social capital is the creation of increasingly independent groups of people who are able to participate more meaningfully. Social capital can solve citizens' problems, especially with regard to strengthening friendship, repairing and maintaining public service facilities because it has advantages and is the most appropriate, even though there are other social capital in the community. Abstrak– Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dan menjelaskan Persepsi masyarakat terhadap pemberlakuan social distancing di masa pandemi sebagai implementasi modal sosial. Kajian ini dilatar belakangi oleh fenomena merebaknya pandemik Covid-19 di sejumlah negara, termasuk pula di Indonesia. Kondisi ini tidak hanya berdampak pada kondisi perokonomian suatu negara, menghambat interaksi sosial di kalangan masyarakat, serta juga memiliki dampak terhadap kondisi kesehatan setiap manusia. Untuk menghindari penyebaran Covid-19 yang lebih luas, pemerintah terpaksa mengambil kebijakan pembatasan sosial (social distancing) dan pembatasan kontak fisik (physical distancing) berupa tinggal di rumah, bekerja dari rumah, belajar, dan beribadah di rumah. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian ini adalah dampak adanya social distancing bagi masyarakat di Kecamatan Tarogong Kidul Kabupaten Garut. Sumber data berasal dari beberapa masyarakat berjumlah 50 responden. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara, rekam, dan dilanjutkan catat. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan adanya Pemberlakuan Social Distancing Di Masa Pandemi setidaknya masyarakat dapat mengimplementasikan Modal Sosial yang meliputi nilai atau norma-norma informal yang dimiliki bersama diantara para anggota suatu kelompok masyarakat yang saling terkait, yang didasarkan pada nilai kepercayaan, norma, dan jaringan sosial dan mereka saling menghargai, pengembangan modal sosial adalah terciptanya kelompok masyarakat yang semakin mandiri, yang mampu berpartisipasi secara lebih berarti. Modal sosial dapat menyelesaikan permasalah warga terutama berkenaan dengan penguatan tali silaturahim, perbaikan dan pemeliharaan sarana pelayanan publik karena memiliki kelebihan dan paling sesuai, meskipun pada komunitas tersebut terdapat modal sosial lain.

scholarly journals PERILAKU BELANJA ONLINE PADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA DISAAT PANDEMI COVID-19 ( STUDI KASUS IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI ANJUN KARAWANG )

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Neni Sumarni ◽  
Syifa Pramudita Faddila ◽  
Robby Fauji
Keyword(s):  
Online Shopping ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Online Sales ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
At Home

Abstrak Penyebaran wabah pandemi Covid-19 di negara Indonesia yang semakin cepat memang merubah interaksi antara bisnis dan pelanggan. Adanya kebijakan dari pemerintah terkait Covid-19 ini berupa larangan keluar masuk negara Indonesia, social distancing dan stay at home pada akhirnya merubah perilaku konsumen yang awalnya bebas melakukan transaksi bisnis maupun perdagangan yang secara offline berubah menjadi online. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah para ibu rumah tangga wilayah Anjun melakukan pembelanjaan secara online disaat pandemic. Dalam penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini melibatkan sampel sebanyak 100 responden ibu-ibu rumah tangga di Anjun, Kabupaten Karawang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 83% responden sudah memiliki pengetahuan mengenai pembelanjaan online, sebanyak 72 % ibu rumah tangga di Anjun melakukan pembelanjaan secara online di masa pandemi, dan 52 % nya melakukan pembelanjaan online lebih dari dua kali dalam sebulan. Dengan alasan kesehatan dan menghindari tertularnya virus corona. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa banyak para konsumen atau pelanggan yang akhirnya merubah perilaku belanjanya menjadi online untuk menghindari wabah ini dan memudahkan dalam memperoleh barang-barang yang dibutuhkannya. Kata Kunci: Perilaku Konsumen, Penjualan Online, Pandemi Covid-19. Abstract The increasingly rapid spread of the covid-19 pandemic outbreak in Indonesia has indedd changed the interaction between businesses and customers. There is a policy from the government regarding covid-19 in the form of a ban on entering and leaving the country of Indonesia, social distancing and staying at home in the end changing the behavior of consumers who are initially free to carry out business transaction or trade which turn offline to online. This study aims to determine whether yhe housewives of the Anjun region shop online during the pandemic. This quantitative descriptive study involved a sample of 100 housewives in Anjun, Karawang district. The results showed that 83% of respondents already have knowledge about online shopping, as many as 72 % of housewives in Anjun shop online during the pandemic, and 52 % shop online more than twice a month. For health reasons and avoiding contracting the corona virus. So it can be concluded that many consumers or customers have finally changed their shopping behavior online toavoid this outbreak and make it easier to get the goods they nedd. Key words  : consumer behavior,online sales,covid pandemic 19

scholarly journals Human mobility trends during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241468
Author(s):  
Minha Lee ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Qianqian Sun ◽  
Yixuan Pan ◽  
Weiyi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
The Government ◽  
At Home

In March of this year, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, and it continues to threaten public health. This global health crisis imposes limitations on daily movements, which have deteriorated every sector in our society. Understanding public reactions to the virus and the non-pharmaceutical interventions should be of great help to fight COVID-19 in a strategic way. We aim to provide tangible evidence of the human mobility trends by comparing the day-by-day variations across the U.S. from January 2020 to early April 2020. Large-scale public mobility at an aggregated level is observed by leveraging mobile device location data and the measures related to social distancing. Our study captures spatial and temporal heterogeneity as well as the sociodemographic variations and teleworking trends regarding the pandemic propagation and the non-pharmaceutical mobility interventions. All metrics adapted capture decreased public movements after the national emergency declaration. The population staying home has increased in all states before the stay-at-home mandates implemented and becomes more stable after the order with a smaller range of fluctuation. The public had been taking active responses, voluntarily staying home more, to the in-state confirmed cases while the stay-at-home orders stabilize the variations. As the estimated teleworking rates also continue to incline throughout the study period, the teleworking trend can be another driving factor for the growing stay-at-home population. We confirm that there exists overall mobility heterogeneity between the income or population density groups. The study suggests that public mobility trends are in line with the government message urging to stay home. We anticipate our data-driven analysis offers integrated perspectives and serves as evidence to raise public awareness and, consequently, reinforce the importance of social distancing while assisting policymakers.

Disparity and Dynamics of Social Distancing Behaviors in Japan: An Investigation of mobile phone mobility data (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyu Lyu ◽  
Hiroki Takikawa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND The availability of large-scale and fine-grained aggregated mobility data has allowed researchers to observe the dynamic of social distancing behaviors at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Despite the increasing attentions paid to this research agenda, limited studies have focused on the demographic factors related to mobility and the dynamics of social distancing behaviors has not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assist in the design and implementation of public health policies by exploring the social distancing behaviors among various demographic groups over time. METHODS We combined several data sources, including mobile tracking data and geographical statistics, to estimate visiting population of entertainment venues across demographic groups, which can be considered as the proxy of social distancing behaviors. Then, we employed time series analyze methods to investigate how voluntary and policy-induced social distancing behaviors shift over time across demographic groups. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate distinct patterns of social distancing behaviors and their dynamics across age groups. The population in the entertainment venues comprised mainly of individuals aged 20–40 years, while according to the dynamics of the mobility index and the policy-induced behavior, among the age groups, the extent of reduction of the frequency of visiting entertainment venues during the pandemic was generally the highest among younger individuals. Also, our results indicate the importance of implementing the social distancing policy promptly to limit the spread of the COVID-19 infection. However, it should be noticed that although the policy intervention during the second wave in Japan appeared to increase the awareness of the severity of the pandemic and concerns regarding COVID-19, its direct impact has been largely decreased could only last for a short time. CONCLUSIONS At the time we wrote this paper, in Japan, the number of daily confirmed cases was continuously increasing. Thus, this study provides a timely reference for decision makers about the current situation of policy-induced compliance behaviors. On the one hand, age-dependent disparity requires target mitigation strategies to increase the intention of elderly individuals to adopt mobility restriction behaviors. On the other hand, considering the decreasing impact of self-restriction recommendations, the government should employ policy interventions that limit the resurgence of cases, especially by imposing stronger, stricter social distancing interventions, as they are necessary to promote social distancing behaviors and mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL None

scholarly journals Economic Sector during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Indonesian Instagram Users Behaviour

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-178
Author(s):  
J.FX. Susanto Soekiman ◽  
Teguh Dwi Putranto ◽  
Daniel Susilo ◽  
Erica Monica A. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Children’S Drawings ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Order ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
At Home

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a “major disaster” for Indonesia. Communities became confused after the Government instructed people to “Stay at Home” and “Work from Home” in order to end the spread of the coronavirus. Many people feel that the Government's decision is detrimental because not everybody can work from home. There were many employee reductions in several companies and did not have a steady income. This study attempted to find out the use of Instagram as one of the popular media during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia on economic impact. This study employed the semiotics method to analyse the #stayathomeindonesia hashtag on Instagram from 20 March 2020 to 5 April 2020. It was revealed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, Indonesian Instagram users used the platform to post their activity at home. Indonesian behaviours on Instagram amid the COVID-19 pandemic include posting homemade food, children’s drawings or colourings at home, and food order through online applications. So that the online-based economy more benefited than the offline-based because of limited activities outside the home due to appeals for staying at home.

scholarly journals Pendampingan Pelaporan SPT Tahunan Berbasis E-filing Bagi Pedagang Kelontong di tengah Wabah Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Sriwinarti ◽  
Ikang Murapi ◽  
Dewa Ayu Oki Astarini ◽  
R. Ayu Ida Aryani ◽  
Baiq Adrian Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tax Reporting ◽  
At Home

Government appeals to stay at home and restrictions on the delivery of public services do make people less comfortable in receiving public services, but this is a policy currently taken by the government is an effort to limit or stop the spread of Corona Virus. based on the instructions given, DJP (Direktorat Jenderal Pajak) then stop reporting directly and lead to the use of e-filing and extend the tax reporting period that should end on 31 March 2020 to 30 April 2020. Termination is what later became a problem experienced by taxpayers, especially the grocery traders in Gerung Market, Gerung District, West Lombok Regency, where the average trader was very unfamiliar with the use of electronics, especially the use of computers and the internet. By coordinating with an account representative, the servant provides assistance to traders who wish to report their annual tax return online while still paying attention to social distancing or maintaining a safe distance from participants. because of the adaptations made so that not all registered participants can be accompanied, namely only 50% of participants who successfully report online, 20% of participants are reported manually and the rest are still waiting for further policies.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PENANGANAN PANDEMI COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Darmin Tuwu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Social Welfare Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
At Home

This paper aims to elaborate on how government policies prevent and deal with COVID-19. The method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The focus of the study is government policies and events that follow the implementation of the policy period from March to June 2020 related to government policies in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The study results show that government policies to prevent the spread of Coronavirus transmission such as the policy of staying at home; Social distancing; Physical Restrictions; Use of Personal Protective Equipment; Maintain Personal Hygiene; Work and Study at home; Postpone all activities that gather a lot of people; Large-scale social restrictions; until the implementation of the New Normal policy. In addition, the government has also implemented social assistance and social protection policies to ensure that the community can survive, not only the Social Welfare Services Government group but also the high-class community.

scholarly journals Predictive Modeling on the Number of Covid-19 Death Toll in the United States Considering the Effects of Coronavirus-Related Changes and Covid-19 Recovered Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1140-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Pham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
First Case ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
At Home

COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Many countries around the world implemented their own policies and restrictions designed to limit the spread of Covid-19 in recent months. Businesses and schools transitioned into working and learning remotely. In the United States, many states were under strict orders to stay home at least in the month of April. In recent weeks, there are some significant changes related restrictions include social-distancing, reopening states, and staying-at-home orders. The United States surpassed 2 million coronavirus cases on Monday, June 15, 2020 less than five months after the first case was confirmed in the country. The virus has killed at least 115,000 people in the United States as of Monday, June 15, 2020, according to data from Johns Hopkins University. With the recent easing of coronavirus-related restrictions and changes on business and social activity such as stay-at-home, social distancing since late May 2020 hoping to restore economic and business activities, new Covid-19 outbreaks are on the rise in many states across the country. Some researchers expressed concern that the process of easing restrictions and relaxing stay-at-home orders too soon could quickly surge the number of infected Covid-19 cases as well as the death toll in the United States. Some of these increases, however, could be due to more testing sites in the communities while others may be are the results of easing restrictions due to recent reopening and changed policies, though the number of daily death toll does not appear to be going down in recent days due to Covid-19 in the U.S. This raises the challenging question: • How can policy decision-makers and community leaders make the decision to implement public policies and restrictions and keep or lift staying-at-home orders of ongoing Covid-19 pandemic for their communities in a scientific way? In this study, we aim to develop models addressing the effects of recent Covid-19 related changes in the communities such as reopening states, practicing social-distancing, and staying-at-home orders. Our models account for the fact that changes to these policies which can lead to a surge of coronavirus cases and deaths, especially in the United States. Specifically, in this paper we develop a novel generalized mathematical model and several explicit models considering the effects of recent reopening states, staying-at-home orders and social-distancing practice of different communities along with a set of selected indicators such as the total number of coronavirus recovered and new cases that can estimate the daily death toll and total number of deaths in the United States related to Covid-19 virus. We compare the modeling results among the developed models based on several existing criteria. The model also can be used to predict the number of death toll in Italy and the United Kingdom (UK). The results show very encouraging predictability for the proposed models in this study. The model predicts that 128,500 to 140,100 people in the United States will have died of Covid-19 by July 4, 2020. The model also predicts that between 137,900 and 154,000 people will have died of Covid-19 by July 31, and 148,500 to 169,700 will have died by the end of August 2020, as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that causes COVID-19 based on the Covid-19 death data available on June 13, 2020. The model also predicts that 34,900 to 37,200 people in Italy will have died of Covid-19 by July 4, and 36,900 to 40,400 people will have died by the end of August based on the data available on June 13, 2020. The model also predicts that between 43,500 and 46,700 people in the United Kingdom will have died of Covid-19 by July 4, and 48,700 to 51,900 people will have died by the end of August, as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that causes COVID-19 based on the data available on June 13, 2020. The model can serve as a framework to help policy makers a scientific approach in quantifying decision-makings related to Covid-19 affairs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document