Disparity and Dynamics of Social Distancing Behaviors in Japan: An Investigation of mobile phone mobility data (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyu Lyu ◽  
Hiroki Takikawa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND The availability of large-scale and fine-grained aggregated mobility data has allowed researchers to observe the dynamic of social distancing behaviors at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Despite the increasing attentions paid to this research agenda, limited studies have focused on the demographic factors related to mobility and the dynamics of social distancing behaviors has not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assist in the design and implementation of public health policies by exploring the social distancing behaviors among various demographic groups over time. METHODS We combined several data sources, including mobile tracking data and geographical statistics, to estimate visiting population of entertainment venues across demographic groups, which can be considered as the proxy of social distancing behaviors. Then, we employed time series analyze methods to investigate how voluntary and policy-induced social distancing behaviors shift over time across demographic groups. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate distinct patterns of social distancing behaviors and their dynamics across age groups. The population in the entertainment venues comprised mainly of individuals aged 20–40 years, while according to the dynamics of the mobility index and the policy-induced behavior, among the age groups, the extent of reduction of the frequency of visiting entertainment venues during the pandemic was generally the highest among younger individuals. Also, our results indicate the importance of implementing the social distancing policy promptly to limit the spread of the COVID-19 infection. However, it should be noticed that although the policy intervention during the second wave in Japan appeared to increase the awareness of the severity of the pandemic and concerns regarding COVID-19, its direct impact has been largely decreased could only last for a short time. CONCLUSIONS At the time we wrote this paper, in Japan, the number of daily confirmed cases was continuously increasing. Thus, this study provides a timely reference for decision makers about the current situation of policy-induced compliance behaviors. On the one hand, age-dependent disparity requires target mitigation strategies to increase the intention of elderly individuals to adopt mobility restriction behaviors. On the other hand, considering the decreasing impact of self-restriction recommendations, the government should employ policy interventions that limit the resurgence of cases, especially by imposing stronger, stricter social distancing interventions, as they are necessary to promote social distancing behaviors and mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL None

Citizen sociolinguists scaling back

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy Rymes ◽  
Gareth Smail
Keyword(s):  
Social Meaning ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Multilingual Communication ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Practices ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper examines the different ways that professional experts and everyday language users engage in scaling practices to claim authority when they talk about multilingual practices and the social significance they assign to them. Specifically, we compare sociolinguists’ use of the term translanguaging to describe multilingual and multimodal practices to the diverse observations of amateur online commentators, or citizen sociolinguists. Our analysis focuses on commentary on cross-linguistic communicative practices in Wales, or “things Welsh people say.” We ultimately argue that by calling practices “translanguaging” and defaulting to scaled-up interpretations of multilingual communication, sociolinguists are increasingly missing out on analyses of how the social meaning of (cross)linguistic practices accrues and evolves within specific communities over time. By contrast, the fine-grained perceptions of “citizen sociolinguists” as they discuss their own communicative practices in context may have something unique and underexamined to offer us as researchers of communicative diversity.

scholarly journals Perception and Preference for Home-Based Telework in the COVID-19 Era: A Gender-Based Analysis in Hanoi, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3179
Author(s):  
Minh Hieu Nguyen ◽  
Jimmy Armoogum
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Using Data

The rapid and widespread of COVID-19 has caused severe multifaceted effects on society but differently in women and men, thereby preventing the achievement of gender equality (the 5th sustainable development goal of the United Nations). This study, using data of 355 teleworkers collected in Hanoi (Vietnam) during the first social distancing period, aims at exploring how (dis)similar factors associated with the perception and the preference for more home-based telework (HBT) for male teleworkers versus female peers are. The findings show that 56% of female teleworkers compared to 45% of male counterparts had a positive perception of HBT within the social distancing period and 63% of women desired to telework more in comparison with 39% of men post-COVID-19. Work-related factors were associated with the male perception while family-related factors influenced the female perception. There is a difference in the effects of the same variables (age and children in the household) on the perception and the preference for HBT for females. For women, HBT would be considered a solution post-COVID-19 to solve the burden existing pre-COVID-19 and increasing in COVID-19. Considering gender inequality is necessary for the government and authorities to lessen the adverse effects of COVID-19 on the lives of citizens, especially female ones, in developing countries.

scholarly journals The Influence of COVID-19 on Indonesian Investment

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jeliastiva Jeliastiva ◽  
Farid Fachrurazi
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

The COVID-19 outbreak has had a serious impact on almost all countries in the world, including Indonesia. In response to this case, various policies began to emerge. Starting from the implementation of work from home, social distancing and physical distancing, until the implementation of large-scale social restrictions (PSBB). overseas investors are busy focusing their finances on the needs of their respective countries to fight the virus. Domestic investment (PMDN) is also predicted to experience a slowdown. The social distancing policy resulted in the community not being able to run the economic system well, especially in the Indonesian investment sector so that the perokoniman namely investment in Indonesia decreased and there were some delays in investment by other countries in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Smartphone: an asset in medical education and health care in the era of COVID-19 pandemic-our perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4144
Author(s):  
Manisha Jhirwal ◽  
Charu Sharma ◽  
Shashank Shekhar ◽  
Satya Prakash Meena
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conventional Classroom ◽  
Good Hygiene

The COVID-19 cases are increasing rapidly and the government across the world has imposed the social distancing along with maintaining good hygiene. The infection with corona virus ranges from mild common cold to acute respiratory illness leading to morbidity and mortality.1 There is no specific treatment for COVID-19 infection except the preventive measures like social distancing, lockdown etc.2 To maintain social distancing so as to curb the spread of disease, schools and colleges were closed long back since March 2020. Online classes took over the conventional classroom teaching.

scholarly journals Epidemiological trend of COVID-19 in Nepal and the importance of social distancing to contain the virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Amod K. Pokhrel ◽  
Yadav P. Joshi ◽  
Sopnil Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Epidemiological Trend ◽  
Reproduction Numbers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Testing Case ◽  
The Impact

There is limited information on the epidemiology and the effects of mitigation measures on the spread of COVID-19 in Nepal. Using publicly available databases, we analyzed the epidemiological trend, the people's movement trends at different intervals across different categories of places and evaluated implications of social mobility on COVID-19. We also estimated the epidemic peak. As of June 9, 2020, Provinces 2 and 5 have most of the cases. People between 15 and 54 years are vulnerable to becoming infected, and more males than females are affected. The cases are growing exponentially. The growth rate of 0.13 and >1 reproduction numbers (R0) over time (median: 1.48; minimum: 0.58, and maximum: 3.71) confirms this trend. The case doubling time is five days. Google's community mobility data suggest that people strictly followed social distancing measures for one month after the lockdown. By around the 4th week of April, the individual's movement started rising, and social contacts increased. The number of cases peaked on May 12, with 83 confirmed cases in one day. The Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model suggests that the epidemic will peak approximately on day 41 (July 21, 2020), and start to plateau after day 80. To contain the spread of the virus, people should maintain social distancing. The Government needs to continue active surveillance, more PCR-based testing, case detection, contact tracing, isolation, and quarantine. The Government should also provide financial support and safety-nets to the citizen to limit the impact of COVID-19.

The work of the British School at Athens, 2014–2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Catherine Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Past ◽  
British School ◽  
The Social ◽  
Funded Project

Over the past year the School has delivered a rich and varied research programme combining a range of projects in antiquity, spanning the Palaeolithic to Byzantine periods, science-based archaeology to epigraphy (including the work of the Fitch Laboratory and the Knossos Research Centre), with research in sectors from the fine arts to history and the social sciences (see Map 2).At Knossos, new investigation in the suburb of Gypsadhes, directed by Ioanna Serpetsedaki (23rd EPCA), Eleni Hatzaki (Cincinnati), Amy Bogaard (Oxford) and Gianna Ayala (Sheffield), forms part of Oxford University's ERC-funded project Agricultural Origins of Urban Civilisation. The Gypsadhes excavation features large-scale bioarchaeological research, aimed at providing the fine-grained information necessary to reconstruct the Knossian economy through time.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PENANGANAN PANDEMI COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Darmin Tuwu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Social Welfare Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
At Home

This paper aims to elaborate on how government policies prevent and deal with COVID-19. The method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The focus of the study is government policies and events that follow the implementation of the policy period from March to June 2020 related to government policies in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The study results show that government policies to prevent the spread of Coronavirus transmission such as the policy of staying at home; Social distancing; Physical Restrictions; Use of Personal Protective Equipment; Maintain Personal Hygiene; Work and Study at home; Postpone all activities that gather a lot of people; Large-scale social restrictions; until the implementation of the New Normal policy. In addition, the government has also implemented social assistance and social protection policies to ensure that the community can survive, not only the Social Welfare Services Government group but also the high-class community.

scholarly journals Swearing in informal spoken English: 1990s–2010s

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbie Love
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
British English ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Distribution ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus

Abstract This paper investigates changes in swearing usage in informal speech using large-scale corpus data, comparing the occurrence and social distribution of swear words in two corpora of informal spoken British English: the demographically-sampled part of the Spoken British National Corpus 1994 (BNC1994) and the Spoken British National Corpus 2014 (BNC2014); the compilation of the latter has facilitated large-scale, diachronic analyses of authentic spoken data on a scale which has, until now, not been possible. A form and frequency analysis of a set of 16 ‘pure’ swear word lemma forms is presented. The findings reveal that swearing occurrence is significantly lower in the Spoken BNC2014 but still within a comparable range to previous studies. Furthermore, FUCK is found to overtake BLOODY as the most popular swear word lemma. Finally, the social distribution of swearing across gender and age groups generally supports the findings of previous research: males still swear more than females, and swearing still peaks in the twenties and declines thereafter. However, the distribution of swearing according to socio-economic status is found to be more complex than expected in the 2010s and requires further investigation. This paper also reflects on some of the methodological challenges associated with making comparisons between the two corpora.

scholarly journals Efforts to Protect Violence in the Households during Covid-19 in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 548-553
Author(s):  
Nelvitia Purba ◽  
◽  
Reynaldi Putra Rosihan ◽  
Ali Mukti Tanjung ◽  
Rudy Pramono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Government ◽  
Consequences Of Violence ◽  
At Home

The social distancing appeal that the government encourages is not matched by the state's efforts to provide economic security to the community. PSBB will directly or indirectly limit the movement of the community. The teaching and learning process at schools and residents who work will be limited to working or studying at home. This limitation of activities in public spaces will have an impact on people's income, especially those in the middle to lower economy. The implementation of social distancing during the Covid-19 outbreak has increased the risk of violence against women, complicates women's economic conditions, and affirms women's social status as subordinate, or women are in a lower position than men. The formulation of the problem in this research is what is the cause of domestic violence during the covid-19 period in Indonesia, what are the prevention efforts against domestic violence during the covid-19 period. Causes of Domestic Violence During the Covid-19 Period, namely the government's appeal to the community 'at home alone', causing a separate polemic for women and children, especially those who experience economic and psychological pressure at home from extraordinary isolation measures, has prompted increasing instances of reports of domestic violence, especially women who are forced to live for months in abusive relationships. causes and consequences of violence and to prevent the occurrence of violence through primary prevention programs, policy intervention and advocacy as well as information programs and supporting initiatives through all mass media TV, social networks, cell phones.

Отношение к нищим государства и общества в советское время (ATTITUDE TO THE POVERTY OF THE STATE AND SOCIETY IN SOVIET TIME)

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-62
Author(s):  
Наталья Валерьевна (Natalia Valerievna) Шляхтина (Shlyakhtina)
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
Soviet Time ◽  
The Government

Автор рассматривает социальную категорию нищих в религиозном контексте, а также в свете конкретной русской этнической традиции. В последнем случае нищие были близки группе «странников», богомольцев, которые посвятили свою жизнь паломничеству по святым местам. Между тем уже в начале XX в. немалое число нищих были просто бедняками, не имеющими дома и заработка. В советское время с нищенством начинают целенаправленно бороться, как с социально вредным явлением. Но при этом советская власть своими масштабными проектами – индустриализацией и особенно коллективизацией, борьбой с враждебными классами, порождала миллионы нищих. Она боролась с ними, как с врагами народа. Еще одна большая волна нищих появилась после Великой Отечественной войны, но и эти нищие не нашли должного сочувствия у власти. В целом, отношение к нищим в советское время можно охарактеризовать как репрессивное, вне традиции, вне религиозных норм, что служит обличением власти. The author considers the social category of the poor in a religious context, as well as in the light of a specific Russian ethnic tradition. In the latter case, the poor were close to the category of “wanderers,” pilgrims who dedicated their lives to pilgrimage to holy places. Meanwhile, at the beginning of the XX century. a considerable number of beggars were simply poor people who did not have a home or income. In Soviet times, the authorities began to struggle with poverty in a deliberate way, as with a socially harmful phenomenon. But at the same time, the Soviet government with its large-scale projects - industrialization and especially collectivization, the struggle against hostile classes - generated millions of beggars. It fought with them, as with the enemies of the people. Another big wave of beggars appeared after World War II, but these beggars did not meet the proper sympathy of the government. In general, the attitude towards the poor in Soviet times can be described as repressive, outside of tradition, outside of religious norms, which serves as a denunciation of power.

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