scholarly journals Impacts of socio-economic determinants, spatial distance and climate factors on the confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19 in China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255229
Author(s):  
Xiao-Dong Yang ◽  
Xin-Yi Su ◽  
Hong-Li Li ◽  
Ren-Feng Ma ◽  
Fang-Jie Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Difference

This study is to assess the influences of climate, socio-economic determinants, and spatial distance on the confirmed cases and deaths in the raise phase of COVID-19 in China. The positive confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19 over the population size of 100,000 over every 5 consecutive days (the CCOPSPTT and DOPSPTT for short, respectively) covered from 25th January to 29th February, 2020 in five city types (i.e., small-, medium-, large-, very large- and super large-sized cities), along with the data of climate, socio-economic determinants, spatial distance of the target city to Wuhan city (DW, for short), and spatial distance between the target city and their local province capital city (DLPC, for short) were collected from the official websites of China. Then the above-mentioned influencing factors on CCOPSPTT and DOPSPTT were analyzed separately in Hubei and other provinces. The results showed that CCOPSPTT and DOPSPTT were significantly different among five city types outside Hubei province (p < 0.05), but not obviously different in Hubei province (p > 0.05). The CCOPSPTT had significant correlation with socio-economic determinants (GDP and population), DW, climate and time after the outbreak of COVID-19 outside Hubei province (p < 0.05), while was only significantly related with GDP in Hubei province (p < 0.05). The DOPSPTT showed significant correlation with socio-economic determinants, DW, time and CCOPSPTT outside Hubei province (p < 0.05), while was significantly correlated with GDP and CCOPSPTT in Hubei province (p < 0.05). Compared with other factors, socio-economic determinants have the largest relative contribution to variance of CCOPSPTT in all studied cities (> 78%). The difference of DOPSPTT among cities was mainly affected by CCOPSPTT. Our results showed that influences of city types on the confirmed cases and death differed between Hubei and other provinces. Socio-economic determinants, especially GDP, have higher impact on the change of COVID-19 transmission compared with other factors.

scholarly journals Research on the spatial association network structure for innovation efficiency of China’s new energy vehicle industry and its influencing factors

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255516
Author(s):  
Yining Zhang ◽  
Zhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Correlation Network ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Energy Vehicle

It is of great significance to study the spatial network of the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry innovation efficiency and its factors to promote the rational allocation of innovative resources and the coordinated development of Chinese NEV industry. First, the Super Efficiency Data Envelope Analysis model is used to measure innovation efficiency in the NEV industry in Chinese provinces, and based on the results, the improved gravity model is applied to construct a spatial correlation network. Then, by applying social network analysis (SNA) to study NEV industry development node spatial correlations, we conclude that there is no overall hierarchical structure. The SNA are applied to examine spatial correlations with respect to NEV industry innovation efficiency in each province, and to analyze the role and position of each province in the spatial correlation network. Finally, the influencing factors of spatial correlation of the innovation efficiency of China’s NEV industry has been discussed. The result shows that the difference in spatial distance and R&D investment has a significant impact on the spatial correlation of the NEV industry.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and asymptomatic carrier status of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan City and other places of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0008975
Author(s):  
Shuhui Duan ◽  
Meiying Zhou ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Jianwei Shen ◽  
Rui Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinical Cases

Wuhan City (WH) in China was the first place to report COVID-19 in the world and the outbreak of COVID-19 was controlled in March of 2020 in WH. It is unclear what percentage of people were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and what percentage of population is carriers of SARS-CoV-2 in WH. We retrospectively analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibody positive rates in 63,107 healthy individuals from WH and other places of China using commercial colloidal gold detection kits from March 6 to May 3, 2020. Statistical approaches were utilized to explore the difference and correlation for the seropositive rate of IgG and IgM antibody on the basis of sex, age group, geographic region and detection date. The total IgG and IgM antibody positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 was 1.68% (186/11,086) in WH, 0.59% (226/38,171) in Hubei Province without Wuhan (HB), and 0.38% (53/13,850) in the nation except for Hubei Province (CN), respectively. The IgM positive rate was 0.46% (51/11,086) in WH, 0.13% (51/38,171) in HB, and 0.07% (10/13,850) in CN. The incidence of IgM positive rates in healthy individuals increased from March 6 to May 3, 2020 in WH. Female and older age had a higher probability of becoming infected than males (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.08–1.65) or younger age (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.06–4.78). The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was relatively low in WH and other places of China, but it is significantly high in WH than other places of China; a large amount of asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 existed after elimination of clinical cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan City. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 may exist in a population without clinical cases for a long period.

The Use of Multimedia and its Impact on Bangladeshi EFL Learners at Tertiary Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Farzana Sharmin Pamela Islam
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As 21st century is the era of modern technologies with different aspects, it offers us to make the best use of them. After tape recorder and overhead projector (OHP), multimedia has become an important part of language classroom facilities for its unique and effective application in delivering and learning lesson. Although in many parts of Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country, where English enjoys the status of a foreign language, the use of multimedia in teaching and learning is viewed as a matter of luxury. However, nowadays the usefulness and the necessity of it are well recognized by the academics as well as the government. The study aims to focus on the difference between a traditional classroom void of multimedia and multimedia equipped classrooms at university level by explaining how multimedia support the students with enhanced opportunity to interact with diverse texts that give them more in-depth comprehension of the subject. It also focuses on audio-visual advantage of multimedia on the students’ English language learning. The study has followed a qualitative method to get an in-depth understanding of the impact of using multimedia in an English language classroom at tertiary level. For this purpose, the data have been collected from two different sources. Firstly, from students’ written response to  an open ended question as to their comparative experience of learning  lessons with and without multimedia facilities; and secondly, through  observation of English language classes at a private university of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The discussion of the study is limited to  the use of multimedia in English language classroom using cartoons, images and music with a view to enhance students’ skills in academic writing, critical analysis of image and critical appreciation of music. For this purpose, cartoons in English language, images from Google and music from You Tube have got focused discussion in this paper.

scholarly journals Large numbers of vertebrates began rapid population decline in the late 19th century

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (49) ◽  
pp. 14079-14084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haipeng Li ◽  
Jinggong Xiang-Yu ◽  
Guangyi Dai ◽  
Zhili Gu ◽  
Chen Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Difference

Accelerated losses of biodiversity are a hallmark of the current era. Large declines of population size have been widely observed and currently 22,176 species are threatened by extinction. The time at which a threatened species began rapid population decline (RPD) and the rate of RPD provide important clues about the driving forces of population decline and anticipated extinction time. However, these parameters remain unknown for the vast majority of threatened species. Here we analyzed the genetic diversity data of nuclear and mitochondrial loci of 2,764 vertebrate species and found that the mean genetic diversity is lower in threatened species than in related nonthreatened species. Our coalescence-based modeling suggests that in many threatened species the RPD began ∼123 y ago (a 95% confidence interval of 20–260 y). This estimated date coincides with widespread industrialization and a profound change in global living ecosystems over the past two centuries. On average the population size declined by ∼25% every 10 y in a threatened species, and the population size was reduced to ∼5% of its ancestral size. Moreover, the ancestral size of threatened species was, on average, ∼22% smaller than that of nonthreatened species. Because the time period of RPD is short, the cumulative effect of RPD on genetic diversity is still not strong, so that the smaller ancestral size of threatened species may be the major cause of their reduced genetic diversity; RPD explains 24.1–37.5% of the difference in genetic diversity between threatened and nonthreatened species.

A semi-hybrid model for malaria with limited superinfection

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 1027-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Picard
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Modelling malaria with consistency necessitates the introduction of at least two families of interconnected processes. Even in a Markovian context the simplest fully stochastic model is intractable and is usually transformed into a hybrid model, by supposing that these two families are stochastically independent and linked only through two deterministic connections. A model closer to the fully stochastic model is presented here, where one of the two families is subordinated to the other and just a unique deterministic connection is required. For this model a threshold theorem can be proved but the threshold level is not the one obtained in a hybrid model. The difference disappears only when the human population size approaches infinity.

Production, Mortality, And Sustainable Yield Of Northwest Atlantic Harp Seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1249-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Winters
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Sustainable Yield ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Pagophilus Groenlandicus

From recent and historical data the natural mortality rate of adult harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) is estimated to be 0.10 which is within the range of previous estimates (0.08–0.11). New estimates of bedlamer and 0-group natural mortality rates were not significantly different from those of adult seals. Pup production estimates from survival indices agreed well with those from sequential population analyses and indicated a decline from about 350 000 animals in the early 1950s to about 310 000 animals in the early 1970s. Over the same period the 1+ population size declined from 2.5 to 1.1 million animals but has been increasing at the rate of 3%/yr since the introduction of quotas in 1972. The relative contribution of the "Front" production to total ("Front" plus Gulf) production during the past decade has fluctuated from 49 to 87%, the average of 64% being very similar to the 61% obtained previously. These fluctuations suggest some interchange between "Front" and Gulf adults and it is concluded that homing in the breeding areas is a facultative rather than obligatory aspect of seal behavior. Thus the heavier exploitation of the "Front" production is probably sufficiently diffused into the total population to avoid serious effects on "Front" production. The maximum sustainable yield of Northwest Atlantic seals harvested according to recent patterns is estimated to be 290 000 animals (80% pups) from a 1+ population size of 1.8 million animals producing 460 000 pups annually. The sustainable yield at present levels of pup production (335 000 animals) is calculated to be 220 000 animals which is substantially above the present TAC of 180 000 animals and coincides with present harvesting strategies designed to enable the seal hunt to increase slowly towards the MSY level. Key words: mortality, production, sustainable yield, population dynamics, marine mammal

scholarly journals The Sprotte Needle and Post Dural Puncture Headache following Caesarean Section

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Ross ◽  
C. Greenhalgh ◽  
D. P. McGlade ◽  
I. G. Balson ◽  
S. C. Chester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Dural Puncture ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Post Dural Puncture Headache ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Obstetric Population

One hundred and forty-four patients receiving subarachnoid anaesthesia for caesarean section were prospectively analysed for quality of anaesthesia and the occurrence of post dural puncture headache (PDPH). Anaesthesia was administered via 24 gauge Sprotte (n = 104) and 26 gauge Quincke (n = 40) needles using hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% with morphine 0.2 mg. Anaesthesia was successful in 103 patients with the Sprotte needle and 38 patients with the Quincke needle, and the operating conditions were considered to be excellent. Of the 104 patients in the Sprotte needle group there were ten with PDPH (9.6%), two of which were considered severe. Of the 40 patients in the Quincke needle group there were eight with PDPH (20%), three of which were considered severe. Despite the lower incidence of headache in the Sprotte needle group, this was not statistically significant (P>0.05), due to the difference in population size. We conclude that the 24 gauge Sprotte needle is associated with a comparatively low but clinically relevant incidence of headache in the obstetric population.

scholarly journals Distribution of the 2019-nCoV Epidemic and Correlation with Population Emigration from Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeliang Chen ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Zhongmin Guo ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Spring Festival ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Case Number

AbstractBACKGROUNDSThe ongoing new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia outbreak is spreading in China and has not reached its peak. Five millions of people had emigrated from Wuhan before the city lockdown, which potentially represent a source of virus spreaders. Case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in early epidemic are of great importance for early warning and prevention of future outbreak.METHODSThe officially reported cases of 2019-nCoV pneumonia were collected as of January 30, 2020. Time and location information of these cases were extracted analyzed with ArcGIS and WinBUGS. Population migration data of Wuhan City and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi and analyzed for their correlation with case number.FINDINGSThe 2019-nCoV pneumonia cases were predominantly distributed in Hubei and other provinces of South China. Hot spot provinces included Sichuan and Yunnan provinces that are adjacent to Hubei. While Wuhan city has the highest number of cases, the time risk is relatively stable. Numbers of cases in some cities are relatively low, but the time risks are continuously rising. The case numbers of different provinces and cities of Hubei province were highly correlated with the emigrated populations from Wuhan. Lockdown of 19 cities of Hubei province, and implementation of nationwide control measures efficiently prevented the exponential growth of case number.INTERPRETATIONPopulation emigrated from Wuhan was the main infection source for other cities and provinces. Some cities with low case number but were in rapid increase. Due to the upcoming Spring Festival return transport wave, understanding of the trends of risks in different regions is of great significance for preparedness for both individuals and institutions.FUNDINGSNational Key Research and Development Program of China, National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China, State Key Program of National Natural Science of China.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in a Designated Infectious Diseases HospitalOutside Hubei Province,China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingxian Cai ◽  
Deliang Huang ◽  
Pengcheng Ou ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
Zhibin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hubei Province ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
New Type ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Overall Mortality

AbstractBackgroundA new type of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Previous investigations reported patients in Wuhan city often progressed into severe or critical and had a high mortality rate.The clinical characteristics of affected patients outside the epicenter of Hubei province are less well understood.MethodsAll confirmed COVID-19 case treated in the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen,from January 11, 2020 to February 6, 2020, were included in this study. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical features of these cases to better inform patient management in normal hospital settings.ResultsAmong the 298 confirmed cases, 233(81.5%) had been to Hubei while 42(14%) had not clear epidemiological history. Only 192(64%) cases presented with fever as initial symptom. The lymphocyte count decreased in 38% patients after admission. The number (percent) of cases classified as non-severe and severe was 240(80.6%) and 58(19.4%) respectively. Thirty-two patients (10.7%) needed ICU care. Compared to the non-severe cases, severe cases were associated with older age, underlying diseases, as well as higher levels of CRP, IL-6 and ESR. The median (IRQ) duration of positive viral test were 14(10-19). Slower clearance of virus was associated with higher risk of progression to severe clinical condition. As of February 14, 2020, 66(22.1%) patients were discharged and the overall mortality rate remains 0.ConclusionsIn a designated hospital outside the Hubei Province, COVID-19 patients were mainly characterized by mild symptoms and could be effectively manage by properly using the existing hospital system.

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