scholarly journals Seroprevalence and asymptomatic carrier status of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan City and other places of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0008975
Author(s):  
Shuhui Duan ◽  
Meiying Zhou ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Jianwei Shen ◽  
Rui Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinical Cases

Wuhan City (WH) in China was the first place to report COVID-19 in the world and the outbreak of COVID-19 was controlled in March of 2020 in WH. It is unclear what percentage of people were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and what percentage of population is carriers of SARS-CoV-2 in WH. We retrospectively analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibody positive rates in 63,107 healthy individuals from WH and other places of China using commercial colloidal gold detection kits from March 6 to May 3, 2020. Statistical approaches were utilized to explore the difference and correlation for the seropositive rate of IgG and IgM antibody on the basis of sex, age group, geographic region and detection date. The total IgG and IgM antibody positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 was 1.68% (186/11,086) in WH, 0.59% (226/38,171) in Hubei Province without Wuhan (HB), and 0.38% (53/13,850) in the nation except for Hubei Province (CN), respectively. The IgM positive rate was 0.46% (51/11,086) in WH, 0.13% (51/38,171) in HB, and 0.07% (10/13,850) in CN. The incidence of IgM positive rates in healthy individuals increased from March 6 to May 3, 2020 in WH. Female and older age had a higher probability of becoming infected than males (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.08–1.65) or younger age (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.06–4.78). The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was relatively low in WH and other places of China, but it is significantly high in WH than other places of China; a large amount of asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 existed after elimination of clinical cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan City. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 may exist in a population without clinical cases for a long period.

scholarly journals Impacts of socio-economic determinants, spatial distance and climate factors on the confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19 in China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255229
Author(s):  
Xiao-Dong Yang ◽  
Xin-Yi Su ◽  
Hong-Li Li ◽  
Ren-Feng Ma ◽  
Fang-Jie Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Difference

This study is to assess the influences of climate, socio-economic determinants, and spatial distance on the confirmed cases and deaths in the raise phase of COVID-19 in China. The positive confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19 over the population size of 100,000 over every 5 consecutive days (the CCOPSPTT and DOPSPTT for short, respectively) covered from 25th January to 29th February, 2020 in five city types (i.e., small-, medium-, large-, very large- and super large-sized cities), along with the data of climate, socio-economic determinants, spatial distance of the target city to Wuhan city (DW, for short), and spatial distance between the target city and their local province capital city (DLPC, for short) were collected from the official websites of China. Then the above-mentioned influencing factors on CCOPSPTT and DOPSPTT were analyzed separately in Hubei and other provinces. The results showed that CCOPSPTT and DOPSPTT were significantly different among five city types outside Hubei province (p < 0.05), but not obviously different in Hubei province (p > 0.05). The CCOPSPTT had significant correlation with socio-economic determinants (GDP and population), DW, climate and time after the outbreak of COVID-19 outside Hubei province (p < 0.05), while was only significantly related with GDP in Hubei province (p < 0.05). The DOPSPTT showed significant correlation with socio-economic determinants, DW, time and CCOPSPTT outside Hubei province (p < 0.05), while was significantly correlated with GDP and CCOPSPTT in Hubei province (p < 0.05). Compared with other factors, socio-economic determinants have the largest relative contribution to variance of CCOPSPTT in all studied cities (> 78%). The difference of DOPSPTT among cities was mainly affected by CCOPSPTT. Our results showed that influences of city types on the confirmed cases and death differed between Hubei and other provinces. Socio-economic determinants, especially GDP, have higher impact on the change of COVID-19 transmission compared with other factors.

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Difference between Virtual and Paper-Based Clinical Cases in Family Medicine Undergraduate Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zalika Klemenc-Ketis ◽  
Branka Cagran ◽  
Dejan Dinevski
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Virtual Patient ◽  
Educational Outcome ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Virtual Patients ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Clinical Cases

Introduction. A “virtual patient” is defined as a computer program which simulates real patients’ cases. The aim of this study was to determine whether the inclusion of virtual patients affects the level of factual knowledge of family medicine students at the undergraduate level. Methods. This was a case-controlled prospective study. The students were randomly divided into experimental (EG: N=51) and control (CG: N=48) groups. The students in the EG were asked to practice diagnosis using virtual patients instead of the paper-based clinical cases which were solved by the students in the CG. The main observed variable in the study was knowledge of family medicine, determined by 50 multiple choice questions (MCQs) about knowledge of family medicine. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the groups’ initial knowledge. At the final assessment of knowledge, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups, but there was a statistically significant difference between their initial and final knowledge. Conclusions. The study showed that adding virtual patient cases to the curriculum, instead of paper clinical cases, did not affect the level of factual knowledge about family medicine. Virtual patients can be used, but a significant educational outcome is not expected.

CDH1 germline mutations in healthy individuals from families with the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. jmedgenet-2021-108226
Author(s):  
Giovanni Corso ◽  
Francesca Magnoni ◽  
Giulia Massari ◽  
Cristina Maria Trovato ◽  
Alessandra Margherita De Scalzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer ◽  
Diffuse Gastric Cancer ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
The Difference

The objective of this study was to determining the frequency of different sub-types of pathogenic CDH1 germline mutations in healthy and asymptomatic individuals from families with the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome. Relevant literature dating from 1998 to 2019 was systematically searched for data on CDH1 germline mutations. The collected variants were classified according to their subtype into the following classes: missense, non-sense, splicing, insertions and deletions. The χ2 test was used to estimate if the difference observed between patients with gastric cancer (GC) and unaffected individuals was statistically significant. CDH1 genetic screening data were retrieved for 224 patients with GC and 289 healthy individuals. Among the subjects that had tested CDH1 positive, splicing mutations were found in 30.4% of the healthy individuals and in 15.2% of the patients with GC (p=0.0076). Missense mutations were also found to occur in healthy subjects with higher frequency (22.2%) than in GC-affected individuals (18.3%), but the difference was not significant in this case. In families meeting the clinical criteria for the HDGC syndrome, CDH1 splicing and missense germline mutations have been reported to occur with higher frequency in healthy subjects than in patients with cancer. This preliminary observation suggests that not all pathogenic CDH1 germline mutations confer the same risk of developing GC.

scholarly journals Distribution of the 2019-nCoV Epidemic and Correlation with Population Emigration from Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeliang Chen ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Zhongmin Guo ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Spring Festival ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Case Number

AbstractBACKGROUNDSThe ongoing new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia outbreak is spreading in China and has not reached its peak. Five millions of people had emigrated from Wuhan before the city lockdown, which potentially represent a source of virus spreaders. Case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in early epidemic are of great importance for early warning and prevention of future outbreak.METHODSThe officially reported cases of 2019-nCoV pneumonia were collected as of January 30, 2020. Time and location information of these cases were extracted analyzed with ArcGIS and WinBUGS. Population migration data of Wuhan City and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi and analyzed for their correlation with case number.FINDINGSThe 2019-nCoV pneumonia cases were predominantly distributed in Hubei and other provinces of South China. Hot spot provinces included Sichuan and Yunnan provinces that are adjacent to Hubei. While Wuhan city has the highest number of cases, the time risk is relatively stable. Numbers of cases in some cities are relatively low, but the time risks are continuously rising. The case numbers of different provinces and cities of Hubei province were highly correlated with the emigrated populations from Wuhan. Lockdown of 19 cities of Hubei province, and implementation of nationwide control measures efficiently prevented the exponential growth of case number.INTERPRETATIONPopulation emigrated from Wuhan was the main infection source for other cities and provinces. Some cities with low case number but were in rapid increase. Due to the upcoming Spring Festival return transport wave, understanding of the trends of risks in different regions is of great significance for preparedness for both individuals and institutions.FUNDINGSNational Key Research and Development Program of China, National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China, State Key Program of National Natural Science of China.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in a Designated Infectious Diseases HospitalOutside Hubei Province,China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingxian Cai ◽  
Deliang Huang ◽  
Pengcheng Ou ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
Zhibin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hubei Province ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
New Type ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Overall Mortality

AbstractBackgroundA new type of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Previous investigations reported patients in Wuhan city often progressed into severe or critical and had a high mortality rate.The clinical characteristics of affected patients outside the epicenter of Hubei province are less well understood.MethodsAll confirmed COVID-19 case treated in the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen,from January 11, 2020 to February 6, 2020, were included in this study. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical features of these cases to better inform patient management in normal hospital settings.ResultsAmong the 298 confirmed cases, 233(81.5%) had been to Hubei while 42(14%) had not clear epidemiological history. Only 192(64%) cases presented with fever as initial symptom. The lymphocyte count decreased in 38% patients after admission. The number (percent) of cases classified as non-severe and severe was 240(80.6%) and 58(19.4%) respectively. Thirty-two patients (10.7%) needed ICU care. Compared to the non-severe cases, severe cases were associated with older age, underlying diseases, as well as higher levels of CRP, IL-6 and ESR. The median (IRQ) duration of positive viral test were 14(10-19). Slower clearance of virus was associated with higher risk of progression to severe clinical condition. As of February 14, 2020, 66(22.1%) patients were discharged and the overall mortality rate remains 0.ConclusionsIn a designated hospital outside the Hubei Province, COVID-19 patients were mainly characterized by mild symptoms and could be effectively manage by properly using the existing hospital system.

scholarly journals Diphtheria amongst the Bantu

1943 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Murray
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Racial Factor ◽  
Clinical Cases

1. A total of 499 rural and 437 urban Bantu school children were examined for their diphtheria carrier rate and Schick immunity.2. Clinical diphtheria amongst the rural and urban Bantu was also investigated.3. The virulent C.diphtheriaecarrier rate was found to be 3·2% in the rural children and 1·8% in the urban with virulent/avirulent ratios of 1: 1·1 and 1: 2·5 respectively.4. The Schick-positive rate in children aged 6–17 years was found to be 8·0% in rural children and 13·7 % in urban.5. Clinical diphtheria was rarely encountered under rural conditions, but was more common in urban natives.6. The case mortality rate in eighty-nine clinical cases was 14·4%.7. 53% of the clinical cases occurred in the 0-5 years age group.8. 89% of the strains recovered belonged to themitistype. No intermediate strains were encountered.9. The reason for the infrequency of clinical diphtheria amongst the Bantu is discussed and various theories are reviewed.10. It is concluded that the infrequency of clinical diphtheria is partly due to the environment, but that there is also a racial factor. It is suggested that the racial factor lies in an ability to produce antitoxin quickly. There is not sufficient evidence in this investigation to show whether the racial factor is genetic, but in view of Turbott's work amongst the Maoris it is suggested that the racial factor in immunity to diphtheria may be genetic amongst the Bantu also.I have pleasure in acknowledging the continued interest of Dr E. H. Cluver, Director, and Dr G. Buchanan, Deputy-Director, of the South African Institute for Medical Research in the progress of this work. I also wish to acknowledge gratefully the help given me by Dr Prestwick, Dr Miller and Dr Xuma at Alexandra Township. I am indebted to the Administration, and in particular to Dr J. W. Stirling, Principal Medical Officer of Bechuanaland Protectorate Government, for permission to carry out the investigation at Kanye. To Dr Marcus of the Seventh Day Adventist Mission, Kanye, I am deeply indebted for help and hospitality, and to Chief Bathoën who assisted me in making contact with the requisite number of school children at Kanye. My thanks are also due to the Mother Superior and Sisters of the Holy Cross Mission, Alexandra Township, and the many Bantu school teachers who gave me access to the children in their charge. Mr Barnes (S.A.I.M.R.) very kindly carried out the statistical tests of Tables 1 and 2. The travelling expenses involved in this work were defrayed by a grant from the National Research Board.

Finding "tuberculous" bacilli in the blood of healthy individuals and patients with tuberculosis

1913 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
A E Leman
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Authors

For the study of blood in the presence of tuberculosis bacilli, they began to use the Stubli method 1), with 3% acetic acid, and Uhlenhuth 2) antiformin, which, as is known, is a mixture of 7.52% chlorine. For example, the number of authors who found acid-resistant bacilli in the circulating blood of tuberculosis patients began to grow rapidly, and nowadays one can count more than twenty works on this issue. The difference lies only in the process of finding sticks by various authors.

The Neonate and His Mother

2016 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Primary Maternal Preoccupation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinical Cases

In this paper, Winnicott describes some elements of the psychology of the newborn. He distinguishes the difference between a mother’s psychology and that of her infant's, and also ascribes to the mother the capacity for primary maternal preoccupation (his term) for identifying with her infant. He gives importance both to the concept of the proper ‘holding’ physically and emotionally of the newborn and to the environmental provision that the infant needs. The beginnings of the personality, and the difficulties inherent in failures of early provision leading to serious mental illness are also discussed. Detailed examples from his clinical cases are given.

scholarly journals Prediction of numbers of the accumulative confirmed patients (NACP) and the plateau phase of 2019-nCoV in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Pei
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Hyperbolic Tangent ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times

AbstractIn the present study, I propose a novel fitting method to describe the outbreak of 2019-nCoV in China. The fitted data were selected carefully from the non-Hubei part and Hubei Province of China respectively. For the non-Hubei part, the time period of data collection corresponds from the beginning of the policy of isolation to present day. But for Hubei Province, the subjects of Wuhan City and Hubei Province were included from the time of admission to the Huoshenshan Hospital to present day in order to ensure that all or the majority of the confirmed and suspected patients were collected for diagnosis and treatment. The employed basic functions for fitting are the hyperbolic tangent functions $$\tanh (.)$$ tanh ( . ) since in these cases the 2019-nCoV is just an epidemic. Subsequently, the 2019-nCoV will initially expand rapidly and tend to disappear. Therefore, the numbers of the accumulative confirmed patients in different cities, provinces and geographical regions will initially increase rapidly and subsequently stabilize to a plateau phase. The selection of the basic functions for fitting is crucial. In the present study, I found that the hyperbolic tangent functions $$\tanh (.)$$ tanh ( . ) could satisfy the aforementioned properties. By this novel method, I can obtain two significant results. They base on the conditions that the rigorous isolation policy is executed continually. Initially, I can predict the numbers very accurately of the cumulative confirmed patients in different cities, provinces and parts in China, notably, in Wuhan City with the smallest relative error estimated to $$0.021\%$$ 0.021 % , in Hubei Province with the smallest relative error estimated to $$0.012\%$$ 0.012 % and in the non-Hubei part of China with the smallest relative error of $$-$$ -  0.195% in the short-term period of infection. In addition, perhaps I can predict the times when the plateau phases will occur respectively in different regions in the long-term period of infection. Generally for the non-Hubei part of China, the plateau phase of the outbreak of the 2019-nCoV will be expected this March or at the end of this February. In the non-Hubei region of China it is expected that the epidemic will cease on the 30th of March 2020 and following this date no new confirmed patient will be expected. The predictions of the time of Inflection Points and maximum NACP for some important regions may be also obtained. A specific plan for the prevention measures of the 2019-nCoV outbreak must be implemented. This will involve the present returning to work and resuming production in China. Based on the presented results, I suggest that the rigorous isolation policy by the government should be executed regularly during daily life and work duties. Moreover, as many as possible the confirmed and suspected cases should be collected to diagnose or treat.

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