scholarly journals Privacy nudges for disclosure of personal information: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256822
Author(s):  
Athina Ioannou ◽  
Iis Tussyadiah ◽  
Graham Miller ◽  
Shujun Li ◽  
Mario Weick
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digital Nudging

Objective Digital nudging has been mooted as a tool to alter user privacy behavior. However, empirical studies on digital nudging have yielded divergent results: while some studies found nudging to be highly effective, other studies found no such effects. Furthermore, previous studies employed a wide range of digital nudges, making it difficult to discern the effectiveness of digital nudging. To address these issues, we performed a systematic review of empirical studies on digital nudging and information disclosure as a specific privacy behavior. Method The search was conducted in five digital libraries and databases: Scopus, Google Scholar, ACM Digital Library, Web of Science, and Science Direct for peer-reviewed papers published in English after 2006, examining the effects of various nudging strategies on disclosure of personal information online. Results The review unveiled 78 papers that employed four categories of nudge interventions: presentation, information, defaults, and incentives, either individually or in combination. A meta-analysis on a subset of papers with available data (n = 54) revealed a significant small-to-medium sized effect of the nudge interventions on disclosure (Hedges’ g = 0.32). There was significant variation in the effectiveness of nudging (I2 = 89%), which was partially accounted for by interventions to increase disclosure being more effective than interventions to reduce disclosure. No evidence was found for differences in the effectiveness of nudging with presentation, information, defaults, and incentives interventions. Conclusion Identifying ways to nudge users into making more informed and desirable privacy decisions is of significant practical and policy value. There is a growing interest in digital privacy nudges for disclosure of personal information, with most empirical papers focusing on nudging with presentation. Further research is needed to elucidate the relative effectiveness of different intervention strategies and how nudges can confound one another.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of  Job stress among Iranian nurses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvaneh Isfahani ◽  
Marzieh Arefy ◽  
Saeed Peyravi ◽  
Rasoul Corani Bahador ◽  
Mahnaz Afshari
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Organizational Productivity

Abstract Background: Job stress is the most important factor in reducing organizational productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to identify prevalence of job stress among nurses in Iran.Methods: This study was conducted using a meta-analysis. All published articles on prevalence of job stress among nurses in Iran until July 2018 were searched and collected using PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Scopus, Magiran, IranMedex and SID and Bibliography section of the retrieved papers and related journals. Finally, 22 empirical studies were reviewed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.Results: The overall prevalence of job stress in Iranian nurses was 49.5% (95% CI 41.9%-59.1%). The highest job stress was recorded in Tehran in 2016, 96.4% (95% Cl: 90.3%-98.7%) and the lowest job stress was found in Kashan in 2011, 2.5% (95% Cl: 6.0%-1.0%). Significant statistical correlation was observed between job stress, year and sample size (p<0/05).Conclusion: job stress affects about half of nursing staff in Iran; thus, managers and policymakers should take serious measures to reduce prevalence of job stress among nurses.

scholarly journals Life story work for children and young people with care experience: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-315
Author(s):  
Simon P. Hammond ◽  
Julie Young ◽  
Claire Duddy
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Care Experience ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Story Work

This scoping review was undertaken to provide an overview of peer-reviewed empirical evidence concerning the undertaking of Life Story Work (LSW) with children and young people with care experience (CYPCE). Our search identified 1,336 potentially relevant publications. Of these, 24 empirical studies met our inclusion criteria and examined a wide range of practices in different countries. Using a thematic approach, key findings and characteristics related to current conceptualizations of LSW are explored and knowledge gaps identified. Our review shows that predominantly small-scale qualitative studies have been undertaken. These studies typically reported participants’ experiences and perspectives on pre-existing LSW practices (17 articles), or evaluations of innovative practices (7 articles). However, both lacked efficacy data. We identified numerous LSW practices that were consistently identified as providing “high-quality” experiences: young person-led approaches; consistent support to access and process personal information, including chronological facts, reasons for care entry and beyond; the use of artifacts; and assistance/training for carers supporting LSW. The included studies also identified practices that undermined LSW: rushed, incomplete accounts, using insensitive language that failed to include different voices from a young person’s past. The discussion appraises the findings through a critical lens and concludes that LSW is a clear priority for all and represents an intervention that has potential to help the unaddressed mental health needs of CYPCE. Unfortunately, without better evidence on how this intervention works best, for whom, over what period, and at what cost, practice cannot move forward. This paper challenges all stakeholders to realize this potential.

scholarly journals Research on Influencing Factors of Personal Information Disclosure Intention of Social Media in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
Anrong Fan ◽  
Qiao Wu ◽  
Xiaofei Yan ◽  
Xiaotong Lu ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
User Privacy

AbstractThe disclosure of personal information by users is very important for social media, in order to balance privacy protection and personalized service. This article probes into the factors influencing users’ disclosure intention. Based on the privacy calculus theory and theory of planned behavior, the study constructs an influencing factor model of social media personal information disclosure intention. Then an extensive survey of social media users is conducted through questionnaire, and the hypothetical model is verified using structural equation model, and finally the relationship between various influencing factors and personal information disclosure intentions is obtained. The results show that the perceived benefits and subjective norm are related to personal information disclosure intentions, and privacy view is associated with perceived risk. Finally, the study provides new ideas for social media services and user privacy protection, such as creating a secure social media environment, increasing valuable social services, reducing users’ risk perception and making information processing open and transparent.

scholarly journals Exploring the perceptions of dignity among patients and nurses in hospital and community settings: an integrative review

2021 ◽  
pp. 174498712199789
Author(s):  
Mandu Stephen Ekpenyong ◽  
Mathew Nyashanu ◽  
Chioma Ossey-Nweze ◽  
Laura Serrant
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Community Environments ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis

Background Patients have a right to be treated with dignity. However, reports have continually identified concerns regarding the quality of care and dignity in hospitals. Undignified care can have unfavourable impact on the patient’s recovery such as leading to depression and loss of will to live. The aim of this study was to explore dignity as perceived by patients and nurses within hospital and community environments. Methods An integrative review methodological approach was adopted. Nine databases including Medline, CINAHL plus with full text, Web of Science, Embase, Pubmed, Psycinfo, Scopus, Nursing and Allied Health Source, and Science Direct were systematically searched for relevant articles using a predetermined set of inclusion criteria. Articles were included if they were primary empirical studies, peer reviewed, published between 2008–2019, assessing patients’ or nurses’ perception of dignity outside the end-of-life context, conducted in one of the European countries and written in English. Included papers were analysed using constant comparative analysis. The preferred reporting system for systematic review and meta-analysis (Prisma) flow diagram was used for quality appraisal and review. Results Fourteen relevant articles were included in this review. Four overarching themes and 10 subthemes were identified as impacting on patient dignity. Overarching themes include autonomy, healthcare delivery factors, organisational factors and the meaning of dignity, whilst subthemes include dependence/independence, choice, staff attitudes, communication, privacy, structure of services, staff shortages, physical environment, respect and person-centred care. Conclusion There are a wide range of factors impacting on patient dignity. Adopting evidence-based interventions supported by adequate theoretical backing can help to enhance patient dignity in hospital and community settings.

scholarly journals Problematic gaming behaviour and health-related outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Männikkö ◽  
Heidi Ruotsalainen ◽  
Jouko Miettunen ◽  
Halley M Pontes ◽  
Maria Kääriäinen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Problematic Gaming ◽  
The Impact

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the interplay between problematic gaming behaviour and health-related outcomes at different developmental stages. A total of 50 empirical studies met the specified inclusion criteria, and a meta-analysis using correlation coefficients was used for the studies that reported adverse health implications regarding the impact of problematic gaming behaviour on depression, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive disorder and somatisation. Overall, the results suggested that problematic gaming behaviour is significantly associated with a wide range of detrimental health-related outcomes. Finally, the limitations of this review alongside its implications were discussed and considered for future research.

scholarly journals Effects of Macroprudential Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (67) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Araujo ◽  
Manasa Patnam ◽  
Adina Popescu ◽  
Fabian Valencia ◽  
Weijia Yao
Keyword(s):  
House Prices ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Macroprudential Policy ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Near Term

This paper builds a novel database on the effects of macroprudential policy drawing from 58 empirical studies, comprising over 6,000 results on a wide range of instruments and outcome variables. It encompasses information on statistical significance, standardized magnitudes, and other characteristics of the estimates. Using meta-analysis techniques, the paper estimates average effects to find i) statistically significant effects on credit, but with considerable heterogeneity across instruments; ii) weaker and more imprecise effects on house prices; iii) quantitatively stronger effects in emerging markets and among studies using micro-level data; and iii) statistically significant evidence of leakages and spillovers. Other findings include relatively stronger impacts for tightening than loosening actions and negative effects on economic activity in the near term.

scholarly journals Simulation-Based Learning in Higher Education: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Chernikova ◽  
Nicole Heitzmann ◽  
Matthias Stadler ◽  
Doris Holzberger ◽  
Tina Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Complex Skills

Simulation-based learning offers a wide range of opportunities to practice complex skills in higher education and to implement different types of scaffolding to facilitate effective learning. This meta-analysis includes 145 empirical studies and investigates the effectiveness of different scaffolding types and technology in simulation-based learning environments to facilitate complex skills. The simulations had a large positive overall effect: g = 0.85, SE = 0.08; CIs [0.69, 1.02]. Technology use and scaffolding had positive effects on learning. Learners with high prior knowledge benefited more from reflection phases; learners with low prior knowledge learned better when supported by examples. Findings were robust across different higher education domains (e.g., medical and teacher education, management). We conclude that (1) simulations are among the most effective means to facilitate learning of complex skills across domains and (2) different scaffolding types can facilitate simulation-based learning during different phases of the development of knowledge and skills.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Intrauterine Device in the Treatment of Intrauterine Adhesions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umme Salma ◽  
Min Xue ◽  
Ali Sheikh Md Sayed ◽  
Dabao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Intrauterine Adhesions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acid Gel ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid Gel

The primary purpose of this paper is to assess the efficacy of the use of the intrauterine device (IUD) as an adjunctive treatment modality, for intrauterine adhesions (IUAs). All eligible literatures were identified by electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Additional relevant articles were identified from citations in these publications. There were 28 studies included for a systematic review. Of these, 5 studies were eligible for meta-analysis and 23 for qualitative assessment only. Twenty-eight studies related to the use of IUDs as ancillary treatment following adhesiolysis were identified. Of these studies, 25 studies at least one of the following methods were carried out as ancillary treatment: Foley catheter, hyaluronic acid gel, hormonal therapy, or amnion graft in addition to the IUD. There was one study that used IUD therapy as a single ancillary treatment. In 2 studies, no adjunctive therapy was used after adhesiolysis. There was a wide range of reported menstrual and fertility outcomes which were associated with the use of IUD combined with other ancillary treatments. At present, the IUD is beneficial in patients with IUA, regardless of stage of adhesions. However, IUD needs to be combined with other ancillary treatments to obtain maximal outcomes, in particular in patients with moderate to severe IUA.

scholarly journals Long-Term and Short-Term Prognostic Value of Circulating Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity-2 Concentration in Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cardiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guoqi Dong ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Hongru Zhang ◽  
Yihuang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Increasing Risk

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2) has been considered as a prognostic factor of cardiovascular disease. However, the prognostic value of sST2 concentration in chronic heart failure remains to be summarized. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for eligible studies up to January 1, 2020. Data extracted from articles and provided by authors were used in agreement with the PRISMA statement. The endpoints were all-cause mortality (ACM), cardiovascular mortality (CVM)/heart failure-related hospitalization (HFH), and all-cause mortality (ACM)/heart failure-related readmission (HFR). <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 11 studies with 5,121 participants were included in this analysis. Higher concentration of sST2 predicted the incidence of long-term ACM (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.04), long-term ACM/HFR (HR: 1.42, CI: 1.27–1.59), and long-term CVM/HFH (HR: 2.25, CI: 1.82–2.79), regardless of short-term ACM/HFR (HR: 2.31, CI: 0.71–7.49). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Higher sST2 concentration at baseline is associated with increasing risk of long-term ACM, ACM/HFR, and CVM/HFH and can be a tool for the prognosis of chronic heart failure.

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