scholarly journals Exploring the perceptions of dignity among patients and nurses in hospital and community settings: an integrative review

2021 ◽  
pp. 174498712199789
Author(s):  
Mandu Stephen Ekpenyong ◽  
Mathew Nyashanu ◽  
Chioma Ossey-Nweze ◽  
Laura Serrant
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Community Environments ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis

Background Patients have a right to be treated with dignity. However, reports have continually identified concerns regarding the quality of care and dignity in hospitals. Undignified care can have unfavourable impact on the patient’s recovery such as leading to depression and loss of will to live. The aim of this study was to explore dignity as perceived by patients and nurses within hospital and community environments. Methods An integrative review methodological approach was adopted. Nine databases including Medline, CINAHL plus with full text, Web of Science, Embase, Pubmed, Psycinfo, Scopus, Nursing and Allied Health Source, and Science Direct were systematically searched for relevant articles using a predetermined set of inclusion criteria. Articles were included if they were primary empirical studies, peer reviewed, published between 2008–2019, assessing patients’ or nurses’ perception of dignity outside the end-of-life context, conducted in one of the European countries and written in English. Included papers were analysed using constant comparative analysis. The preferred reporting system for systematic review and meta-analysis (Prisma) flow diagram was used for quality appraisal and review. Results Fourteen relevant articles were included in this review. Four overarching themes and 10 subthemes were identified as impacting on patient dignity. Overarching themes include autonomy, healthcare delivery factors, organisational factors and the meaning of dignity, whilst subthemes include dependence/independence, choice, staff attitudes, communication, privacy, structure of services, staff shortages, physical environment, respect and person-centred care. Conclusion There are a wide range of factors impacting on patient dignity. Adopting evidence-based interventions supported by adequate theoretical backing can help to enhance patient dignity in hospital and community settings.

scholarly journals Privacy nudges for disclosure of personal information: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256822
Author(s):  
Athina Ioannou ◽  
Iis Tussyadiah ◽  
Graham Miller ◽  
Shujun Li ◽  
Mario Weick
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digital Nudging

Objective Digital nudging has been mooted as a tool to alter user privacy behavior. However, empirical studies on digital nudging have yielded divergent results: while some studies found nudging to be highly effective, other studies found no such effects. Furthermore, previous studies employed a wide range of digital nudges, making it difficult to discern the effectiveness of digital nudging. To address these issues, we performed a systematic review of empirical studies on digital nudging and information disclosure as a specific privacy behavior. Method The search was conducted in five digital libraries and databases: Scopus, Google Scholar, ACM Digital Library, Web of Science, and Science Direct for peer-reviewed papers published in English after 2006, examining the effects of various nudging strategies on disclosure of personal information online. Results The review unveiled 78 papers that employed four categories of nudge interventions: presentation, information, defaults, and incentives, either individually or in combination. A meta-analysis on a subset of papers with available data (n = 54) revealed a significant small-to-medium sized effect of the nudge interventions on disclosure (Hedges’ g = 0.32). There was significant variation in the effectiveness of nudging (I2 = 89%), which was partially accounted for by interventions to increase disclosure being more effective than interventions to reduce disclosure. No evidence was found for differences in the effectiveness of nudging with presentation, information, defaults, and incentives interventions. Conclusion Identifying ways to nudge users into making more informed and desirable privacy decisions is of significant practical and policy value. There is a growing interest in digital privacy nudges for disclosure of personal information, with most empirical papers focusing on nudging with presentation. Further research is needed to elucidate the relative effectiveness of different intervention strategies and how nudges can confound one another.

scholarly journals Effects of free maternal policies on quality and cost of care and outcomes: an integrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boniface Oyugi ◽  
Sally Kendall ◽  
Stephen Peckham
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Management Of Complications ◽  
Central Registry

Abstract Aim: We conducted an integrative review of the global-free maternity (FM) policies and evaluated the quality of care (QoC) and cost and cost implications to provide lessons for universal health coverage (UHC). Methodology: Using integrative review methods proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005), we searched through EBSCO Host, ArticleFirst, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Emerald Insight, JSTOR, PubMed, Springer Link, Electronic collections online, and Google Scholar databases guided by the preferred reporting item for systematic review and meta-analysis protocol (PRISMA) guideline. Only empirical studies that described FM policies with components of quality and cost were included. There were 43 papers included, and the data were analysed thematically. Results: Forty-three studies that met the criteria were all from developing countries and had implemented different approaches of FM policy. Review findings demonstrated that some of the quality issues hindering the policies were poor management of complications, worsened referral systems, overburdening of staff because of increased utilisation, lack of transport, and low supply of stock. There were some quality improvements on monitoring vital signs by nurses and some procedures met the recommended standards. Equally, mothers still bear the burden of some costs such as the purchase of drugs, transport, informal payments despite policies being ‘free’. Conclusions: FM policies can reduce the financial burden on the households if well implemented and sustainably funded. Besides, they may also contribute to a decline in inequity between the rich and poor though not independently. In order to achieve the SDG goal of UHC by 2030, there is a need to promote awareness of the policy to the poor and disadvantaged women in rural areas to help narrow the inequality gap on utilisation and provide a sustainable form of transport through collaboration with partners to help reduce impoverishment of households. Also, there is a need to address elements such as cultural barriers and the role of traditional birth attendants which hinder women from seeking skilled care even when they are freely available.

scholarly journals Problematic gaming behaviour and health-related outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Männikkö ◽  
Heidi Ruotsalainen ◽  
Jouko Miettunen ◽  
Halley M Pontes ◽  
Maria Kääriäinen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Problematic Gaming ◽  
The Impact

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the interplay between problematic gaming behaviour and health-related outcomes at different developmental stages. A total of 50 empirical studies met the specified inclusion criteria, and a meta-analysis using correlation coefficients was used for the studies that reported adverse health implications regarding the impact of problematic gaming behaviour on depression, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive disorder and somatisation. Overall, the results suggested that problematic gaming behaviour is significantly associated with a wide range of detrimental health-related outcomes. Finally, the limitations of this review alongside its implications were discussed and considered for future research.

The role of the human insular cortex in pain processing

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1001-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mutschler ◽  
J. Wankerl ◽  
E. Seifritz ◽  
T. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Likelihood Estimate ◽  
Pain Processing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Empathy For Pain

The human insular cortex is involved in a wide range of functions. A recent study done by conducting an activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis suggests that there are anatomical subregions with functional specializations for motor processing, auditory perception and homeostatic control, which plays an important role in emotional processing (Mutschler et al., 2009). An increasing number of studies propose the involvement of the anterior insula in experiencing pain and empathy for pain, e.g. when someone perceives a loved one feeling pain (Craig, 2009, Singer et al., 2004). In this present work, the activation likelihood estimate (ALE) method (Turkeltaub et al., 2002) was applied and 59 studies reporting pain processing and 19 investigating empathy for pain entered the meta-analysis to investigate the questions whether there are functional specializations within the insular cortex for pain processing and empathy for pain. Pain studies revealed activation in the posterior and mid-anterior part of the insula. In contrast, the ALE-maximum of studies investigating empathy for pain was located more anterior than studies investigating physically induced pain. The present findings provide insights into the organization of the human anterior insula and support the posterior-to-anterior gradient for interoceptive representations in the Insula proposed by Craig (2009). According to this view, an increasingly elaborate and complex representation of bodily states may progress from the posterior to the anterior insula region. Meta-analyses represent an important methodological approach for ruling out false positive results and contribute to the generation of hypotheses which can be experimentally proven.

scholarly journals Effects of Macroprudential Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (67) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Araujo ◽  
Manasa Patnam ◽  
Adina Popescu ◽  
Fabian Valencia ◽  
Weijia Yao
Keyword(s):  
House Prices ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Macroprudential Policy ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Near Term

This paper builds a novel database on the effects of macroprudential policy drawing from 58 empirical studies, comprising over 6,000 results on a wide range of instruments and outcome variables. It encompasses information on statistical significance, standardized magnitudes, and other characteristics of the estimates. Using meta-analysis techniques, the paper estimates average effects to find i) statistically significant effects on credit, but with considerable heterogeneity across instruments; ii) weaker and more imprecise effects on house prices; iii) quantitatively stronger effects in emerging markets and among studies using micro-level data; and iii) statistically significant evidence of leakages and spillovers. Other findings include relatively stronger impacts for tightening than loosening actions and negative effects on economic activity in the near term.

scholarly journals Simulation-Based Learning in Higher Education: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Chernikova ◽  
Nicole Heitzmann ◽  
Matthias Stadler ◽  
Doris Holzberger ◽  
Tina Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Complex Skills

Simulation-based learning offers a wide range of opportunities to practice complex skills in higher education and to implement different types of scaffolding to facilitate effective learning. This meta-analysis includes 145 empirical studies and investigates the effectiveness of different scaffolding types and technology in simulation-based learning environments to facilitate complex skills. The simulations had a large positive overall effect: g = 0.85, SE = 0.08; CIs [0.69, 1.02]. Technology use and scaffolding had positive effects on learning. Learners with high prior knowledge benefited more from reflection phases; learners with low prior knowledge learned better when supported by examples. Findings were robust across different higher education domains (e.g., medical and teacher education, management). We conclude that (1) simulations are among the most effective means to facilitate learning of complex skills across domains and (2) different scaffolding types can facilitate simulation-based learning during different phases of the development of knowledge and skills.

Novel Streptomyces sp. reported in 2018: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Aryal ◽  
Laxmi Neupane ◽  
Rameshwar Adhikari ◽  
Balmukunda Regmi ◽  
Niranjan Koirala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene Cluster ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Sugar Fermentation

: Streptomyces species are very well known for the production of antimicrobials and enzymes. The objective of this review is to search for the novel Streptomyces isolated in 2018 along with their characteristics and possible antimicrobial properties. The literature search was done according to the PRISMA flow diagram where 28 research papers were eligible for the review. Data entry and analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 while phylogenetic tree was constructed using Geneious Prime Software. The data on general characteristics, biochemical as well as sugar fermentation tests, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness were extracted from the research papers and summarized in tables and figures. The biosynthesis gene cluster (BGC) was identified using ‘antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell-antiSMASH’ which showed the possibility of production of new antibiotics, antifungal and antitumor substances from the 28 novel Streptomyces isolated in 2018 which would contribute to the global effort to fight against growing multidrug-resistance.

scholarly journals Emotional Creativity: A Meta-analysis and Integrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kuška ◽  
Radek Trnka ◽  
Josef Mana ◽  
Tomas Nikolai
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Integrative Review

Autonomy and control in the wish to die in terminally ill patients: A systematic integrative review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrea Rodríguez-Prat ◽  
Donna M. Wilson ◽  
Remei Agulles
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background/Objective Personal autonomy and control are major concepts for people with life-limiting conditions. Patients who express a wish to die (WTD) are often thought of wanting it because of loss of autonomy or control. The research conducted so far has not focused on personal beliefs and perspectives; and little is known about patients’ understanding of autonomy and control in this context. The aim of this review was to analyze what role autonomy and control may play in relation to the WTD expressed by people with life-limiting conditions. Methods A systematic integrative review was conducted. The search strategy used MeSH terms in combination with free-text searching of the EBSCO Discovery Service (which provides access to multiple academic library literature databases, including PubMed and CINAHL), as well as the large PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science library literature databases from their inception until February 2019. The search was updated to January 2021. Results After the screening process, 85 full texts were included for the final analysis. Twenty-seven studies, recording the experiences of 1,824 participants, were identified. The studies were conducted in Australia (n = 5), Canada (n = 5), USA (n = 5), The Netherlands (n = 3), Spain (n = 2), Sweden (n = 2), Switzerland (n = 2), Finland (n = 1), Germany (n = 1), and the UK (n = 1). Three themes were identified: (1) the presence of autonomy for the WTD, (2) the different ways in which autonomy is conceptualized, and (3) the socio-cultural context of research participants. Significance of results Despite the importance given to the concept of autonomy in the WTD discourse, only a few empirical studies have focused on personal interests. Comprehending the context is crucial because personal understandings of autonomy are shaped by socio-cultural–ethical backgrounds and these impact personal WTD attitudes.

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