Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors in Oromia regional state of Ethiopia

Background Adherence to preventive measures of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was among the means to tackle the transmission of the virus. However, reluctance to implement the recommended preventive measures has been reported to be a major problem everywhere including Oromia Regional State. Purpose This research was aimed to assess the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors in the study area. Participants and methods Community based cross-sectional study was conducted. Sample of 2751 adults aged ≥ 18 years were used for the quantitative study. Also, 20 FGDs and 30 KIIs were conducted in the qualitative approach. The collected data were entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1 and analyzed using STATA 15. The qualitative data were entered into NVivo version 12 for its organization. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between the study variables. Odds Ratio with its 95%CI was calculated and P- Value < 0.05 was used as a cut off points to declare the significance. Results The level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measure was 8.3. Age [AOR, 4.00; 95% CI: 1.50, 10.45], Illiterate AOR, 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.93], read and write [AOR, 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.72], attended primary [AOR, 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.70], occupation (AOR; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.96] and knowledge [AOR, 0.20; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11] were factors associated with level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Political context, unemployment, livelihoods, and social events were mentioned as reasons for the poor adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Conclusions The overall level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in the study area was low. Age, level of education, occupation, and knowledge were factors associated with level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Activities to increase the adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures should be implemented by the concerned bodies.

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Magnitude of optimal adherence and predictors for a low level of adherence among HIV/AIDS-infected adults in South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a multifacility cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056009 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. e056009

Author(s):

Shimeles Biru Zewude ◽

Tewodros Magegnet Ajebe

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Low Level ◽

South Gondar ◽

Hiv Aids

ObjectivesThis study aims to identify levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs and factors associated with them in Northwest Ethiopia. We hypothesise that in the era of COVID-19, there would be suboptimal adherence to ART drugs.DesignAn observational cross-sectional study was conducted. Factors associated with the level of adherence were selected for multiple logistic regressions at a p value of less than 0.2 in the analysis. Statistically significant associated factors were identified at a p value less than 0.05 and adjusted OR with a 95% CI.SettingThe study was conducted in one specialised hospital and three district hospitals found in the South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsAbout 432 people living with HIV/AIDS receiving highly active ART in South Gondar zone public hospitals and who have been on treatment for more than a 3-month period participated in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresLevels of adherence to ART drugs and their associated factors.ResultsAmong 432 study participants, 81.5% (95% CI: 78% to 85.2%) of participants were optimally adherent to ART drugs. Determinants of a low level of adherence: stigma or discrimination (OR=0.4, p=0.016), missed scheduled clinical visit (OR=0.45, p=0.034), being on tuberculosis treatment (OR=0.45, p=0.01), recent CD4 cell count less than 500 cells/mm3 (OR=0.3, p=0.023) and patients who had been on WHO clinical stage III at the time of ART initiation (OR=0.24, p=0.027) were factors significantly associated with adherence to ART drugs.ConclusionsLevel of adherence was relatively low compared with some local studies. The intervention targeted to reduce discrimination, counselling before initiation of treatment and awareness regarding compliance is advised to improve adherence to antiretroviral regimens.

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Factors Associated with Larval Control Practices in a Dengue Outbreak Prone Area

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2014/459173 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mariam Mohamad ◽

Mohamad Ikhsan Selamat ◽

Zaliha Ismail

Keyword(s):

Preventive Measures ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Preventive Measure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Campaigns ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Larval Control ◽

Dengue Outbreak ◽

Prone Area

In order to reduce the risk of dengue outbreak recurrence in a dengue outbreak prone area, the members of the community need to sustain certain behavior to prevent mosquito from breeding. Our study aims to identify the factors associated with larval control practices in this particular community. A cross-sectional study involves 322 respondents living in a dengue outbreak prone area who were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. The level of knowledge aboutAedesmosquitoes, dengue transmission, its symptoms, and personal preventive measures ranges from fair to good. The level of attitude towards preventive measures was high. However, reported level of personal larval control practices was low (33.2%). Our multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only those with a good level of attitude towards personal preventive measure and frequent attendance to health campaigns were significantly associated with the good larval control practices. We conclude that, in a dengue outbreak prone area, having a good attitude towards preventive measures and frequent participation in health campaigns are important factors to sustain practices on larval control.

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Behavioral preventive measures and the use of medicines and herbal products among the public in response to Covid-19 in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243706 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0243706

Author(s):

Iftekhar Ahmed ◽

Maruf Hasan ◽

Rahima Akter ◽

Bidduth Kumar Sarkar ◽

Marufa Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preventive Measures ◽

Preventive Measure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Herbal Products ◽

The Public ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Preventive Practices ◽

Zinc Supplements

The present study was conducted to assess the behavioral preventive measures and the use of medicines and herbal foods/products among the public in response to Covid-19. A cross-sectional survey comprised of 1222 participants was conducted from 27 June to 20 July 2020. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to identify the differences in behavioral preventive practices across different demographic categories. To identify the factors associated with the use of preventive medicines and herbal foods/products, multivariable logistic regression was performed. Most participants adopted the recommended preventive practices such as washing hands more frequently (87.5%), staying home more often (85.5%), avoiding crowds (86%), and wearing masks (91.6%). About half of the smokers reported a decreased rate of smoking during the pandemic. Also, 14.8% took medicines, 57.6% took herbal foods/products, and 11.2% took both medicines and herbal foods/products as preventive measure against Covid-19. Arsenicum album, vitamin supplements, and zinc supplements were the most commonly used preventive medicines. Gender, age, and fear of Covid-19 were significantly associated with the use of both preventive medicines and herbal foods/products. For the management of Covid-19 related symptoms, paracetamol, antihistamines, antibiotics, and mineral (zinc and calcium) supplements were used most often. Most participants sought information from non-medical sources while using medicines and herbal products. Moreover, potentially inappropriate and unnecessary use of certain drugs was identified.

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Utilization of Facility Based Health Care and Associated Factors During COVID 19 Pandemic in Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-966887/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sileshi Garoma Abeya ◽

Segni Bobo Barkesa ◽

Chala Gari Sadi ◽

Seada Ahmed Mohammed ◽

Endale Bacha Wako ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

P Value ◽

Urban Residence ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Services ◽

Regional State

Abstract Background: The utilization of facility-based health care services was among the means to tackle the transmission of the COVID 19 and protection of better health. However, reluctance to the utilization of facility-based health care services has been reported to be a major problem everywhere in the globe. This study was to assess the utilization of facility-based health care and associated factors among adults in Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional studies were conducted using a quantitative approach. Data was collected from 2751 adults aged 18 years and above using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1 and analyzed using STATA 15. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between the study variables. Odds Ratio with its 95%CI was calculated and P-Value < 0.05 was used as a cut-off point to declare the significance. Results: The overall utilization of facility based essential health care was 25.5% (95% CI: 24.6%, 26.4%). Agro-pastoralist (AOR 0.50, 95% CI; 0.50, 1.31), urban residence (AOR 0.66, 95% CI; 0.48, 0.92), Orthodox religion followers (AOR 0.58, 95% CI; 0.41, 0.81), and marital statuses in the widowed/divorced/ Separated category (AOR 0.45, 95% CI; 0.20, 0.99), were significantly associated with utilizations of facility based essential Health Care. Conclusions: Only 646 (25.5%) of respondents visited health facilities after the commencement of the COVID 19 pandemic. Activities to increase the utilization of essential health care services are crucial through appropriate information outlets.

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Unmet need for family planning and associated factors among married women in Asebot town, west Hararge zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, Cross- sectional study design, 2018

10.21203/rs.2.12364/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Misganaw Muche ◽

Muhammedawel Kaso ◽

Amde Eshete ◽

ismael kalayu

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Study Design ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regional State

Abstract Background Unmet need for family planning was one of the several frequently used indicators for monitoring and evaluation of family planning programs. It also helps to identify women at greatest risk of unintended pregnancy for satisfying the unmet need for modern contraception. So this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of unmet need for modern contraceptive among women of reproductive age in Asebot town, west Harargie zone, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia. Methods A community based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Asebot town. Systematic random sampling techniques were used to select 410 reproductive age women. Data collection was carried out from July 19 to August 05, 2018 using a pre- tested structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered to Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Candidate variables with p-value of <0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression and AOR at 95% CI with p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Result The magnitude of unmet need for modern family planning in the study area was 37.3%. [95% CI (32.7, 42.2)]. After multivariate analysis Age, monthly income, desire to have children within two years and partner approval of family planning use were statistically significantly associated factors of unmet need for family planning with their 95% CI as follows (2.00-39.83), (1.10-6.10), (4.79-15.67), (3.88-14.61) respectively.

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Substance Use and Associated Factors Among Medical Students at the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-722407/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yonas Sisay Aragie ◽

Gashaw Sisay Chanie ◽

Haddis Birhanu Woldekiros ◽

Biniam Siyum Shibe ◽

Getahun Molla Kassa

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Medical Students ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Substance Users ◽

The University

Abstract BackgroundThe use of substances such as cigarettes, alcohol, and khat has become the rising major public health and socioeconomic problems and more exercised in higher education students. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of substance use among medical students at the University of Gondar, Ethiopia.MethodA cross-sectional study was employed among medical students at the University of Gondar in the year 2020. All intern and above medical students were recurred and interviewed by using a self-administered questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of current substance use at a p. value < 0.05 in the multivariable model to declare a significant dependent variable.ResultsOut of 277 responded to the interview 91 students (33%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 27, 38) were current substance users. Enjoyment (39%) was a major reason for starting substance use. Addiction (82%), liver injury (87%), and lung cancer (87%) were the primary mentioned health risks of khat, alcohol, and cigarettes, respectively. Students age (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =1.26, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.6), friend/s substance use history (AOR=6.09, 95% CI: 2.29, 16.2), and students with parents history of substance use (AOR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.88) were factors significantly associated with the substance use.ConclusionOne-third of medical students at the University of Gondar were current substance users. Students with increasing age and those who have proximity with peoples who use substances were the independent positively associated factors for substance use.

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Prevalence of Anogenital Warts in Men with HIV/AIDS and Associated Factors

The Open AIDS Journal ◽

10.2174/1874613601408010025 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Caio Cavassan de Camargo ◽

Karen Ingrid Tasca ◽

Monica Banwart Mendes ◽

Hélio Amante Miot ◽

Lenice do Rosário de Souza

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽

P Value ◽

Anogenital Warts ◽

Male Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract: Background: Infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world. Among the 630 million new cases of HPV that occur each year, 30 million develop anogenital warts. Although subclinical infection with HPV is the most common cause, genital warts are also associated with immunosuppression caused by HIV. In view of the high prevalence of HPV/HIV co-infection particularly among men who have sex with men, the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of anogenital warts in men with HIV/AIDS and to identify associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 159 men with HIV/AIDS consecutively selected at a referral service in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, in which the association between sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical variables and the presence of anogenital warts was evaluated. After hierarchical analysis of the data, variables presenting a p value ≤ 0.2 were entered into an unconditional multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Forty-nine (31%) of the HIV-positive patients had anogenital warts. The mean age was 44.6 ± 9.6 years. The main factors associated with the presence of anogenital warts were irregular antiretroviral treatment and genital herpes(HSV). Conclusion: The present study demonstrate that anogenital warts occur in almost one-third of the male population infected with HIV and factors associated with a higher risk of being diagnosed with anogenital warts were irregular cART use and co-infection with HSV, other variables could not be associated.

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Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net Utilization and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Asgede Tsimbla District, Northern Ethiopia, 2017

Environmental Health Insights ◽

10.1177/1178630220919393 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117863022091939

Author(s):

Teklit Angesom ◽

Hailay Gebreyesus ◽

Brhane Gebremariam

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Family Size ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Background: Malaria among pregnant women contributes to maternal anemia, low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, and infant deaths. In response to this serious health problem, regular use of the long-lasting insecticidal net is the most cost-effective method of preventing malaria. However, in most developing countries, including Ethiopia, long-lasting insecticidal net utilization by pregnant women is uncertain. Objectives: This study was conducted to measure the utilization of insecticidal net and to identify the associated factors with its utilization among pregnant women in Asgede Tsimbla district in 2017. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed and data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Systematic random sampling method was used to select 550 pregnant women. Data were entered into a computer using Epi Info (version 7) and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 21) for further analysis. Variables with P-value less than 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance between the dependent and the independent variables in multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among 550 pregnant women surveyed, 347 (63.1%) of the pregnant women slept under a long-lasting insecticidal net the night before the survey. Urban residence (OR [95% CI] = 1.9 [1.22-3.01]), family size of 3-5 and >5 (2.8 [1.53-5.22] and 2.4 [1.20-5.03], respectively), and history of malaria during their current pregnancy (3.0 [1.95-4.86]) were found to be the factors associated with pregnant women’s long-lasting insecticidal net utilization. Conclusion: Utilization of long-lasting insecticidal net was low, and place of residence, exposure status to malaria during their current pregnancy, and family size were the factors associated with long-lasting insecticidal net utilization.

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Is there a relationship between gestational diabetes and postpartum depression?

Current Women s Health Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573404816999200918115133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Salman Khazaei ◽

Erfan Ayubi ◽

Saeid Bashirian ◽

Ronak Hamzehei ◽

Ensiyeh Jenabi

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Education ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Background: The relationship between gestational diabetes and postpartum depression (PPD) is poorly understood and seldom studied. Objective: In an effort to explore this issue, the present study investigated the relationship between gestational diabetes and PPD. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed with 342 women who were referred to four urban health centers of Hamadan city, west of Iran. We used convenience sampling as a method to recruit women in each health center. We used a researcher-made checklist for gathering data on socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors of PPD. The Persian validated version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess PPD. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]). Results: Gestational diabetes was identified as the most important risk factor for PPD with OR (95% CI) of 2.19 (1.11, 4.31); P-value=0.02 after adjusting for other variables. Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio showed that PPD among lesseducated women (primary school) was 3.5 times higher compared to women with a university education (OR=3.54, 95% CI: 1.27, 9.84; P-value=0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that PPD is more likely among women with gestational diabetes and those who were less educated. Interventional and educational activities for reducing the risk of PPD can be targeted for use with this population.

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Timely Initiation of Breast Feeding and Associated Factors among Caesarian Section Delivered Mothers in Health Facilities of Dessie City Administration, North Eastern Ethiopia

Pediatric Reports ◽

10.3390/pediatric13010001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Roza Shiferaw ◽

Sisay Eshete Tadesse ◽

Tefera Chane Mekonnen ◽

Aregash Abebayehu Zerga

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Section ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Data Entry ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Timely Initiation ◽

Eastern Ethiopia

Objective: To assess the magnitude and associated factors of timely initiation of breastfeeding among cesarean section delivered mothers. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among 421 systematically selected mothers from February to June, 2017. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done using Epi Data and SPSS version 24. Binary logistic regression was computed to identify factors. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance. Result: The magnitude of timely initiation of breast feeding (among mothers who gave birth by cesarean section was 57%. Counseling during antenatal care (AOR = 3.32; 95% CI: 1.80, 6.13), facility where cesarean section (CS) was performed (AOR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.57, 4.14), and post-CS counseling (AOR = 6.93; 95% CI: 3.99, 12.02) were factors that contributed for the practice of timely initiation among cesarean section delivered mothers. Conclusions: The magnitude of TIBF was good. Counseling during ANC, the facility where CS was performed and post-natal advice were factors associated with TIBF. Implementation of baby-friendly hospital initiatives should be strengthened in order to promote timely initiation of breast feeding.

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