scholarly journals Behaviours involved in the role of victim and aggressor in bullying: Relationship with physical fitness in adolescents

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259087
Author(s):  
Juan de Dios Benítez-Sillero ◽  
Diego Corredor-Corredor ◽  
Rosario Ortega-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Córdoba-Alcaide
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Protective Element ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Bullying Victimisation

Physical fitness is related to well-being and health. Adolescence is a key period in the psychological and social development of the person, in which interpersonal relationships gain strength, being bullying a type of violence that can affect the personality of those involved. At present, there is not enough research to determine the relationships between bullying and physical condition. The purpose of this study is to find out if there are any relationships among physical fitness, victimisation, and aggression in bullying, and to identify these behaviours. This is a descriptive study done in 1035 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.67, SD = 1.49). The European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ) scale was used, and anthropometric characteristics of weight and height were measured. In addition, physical fitness tests from the Eurofit battery, sit-and-reach, 30-second sit-ups, horizontal jump, manual dynamometry, and 20-meter Multistage Shuttle Run Test (SRT) were included. The relationships between variables were analysed using Spearman correlations, linear regressions, and ordinal regressions. The most relevant findings indicate an inverse relationship between being a victim of bullying and having a better cardiorespiratory cardiovascular endurance. These also show a direct relationship between being a bully and skeletal muscle strength measured through the horizontal jump, 30-second sit-ups, and manual dynamometry tests. Theoretically, we can conclude that physical condition can be considered a predictor to consider in bullying. Specifically, cardiorespiratory fitness, in addition to its multiple physical and mental benefits, may be a protective element against bullying victimisation. In contrast, muscular strength, especially in boys, may be an important predictor, especially in the physical component, of aggression in bullying.

scholarly journals Humor in Psychiatry: Lessons From Neuroscience, Psychopathology, and Treatment Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Berger ◽  
Florian Bitsch ◽  
Irina Falkenberg
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
Treatment Research

Humor is a ubiquitous human characteristic that is socially motivated at its core and has a broad range of significant positive effects on emotional well-being and interpersonal relationships. Simultaneously, however, impairments in humor abilities have often been described in close association with the occurrence and course of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, social anxiety, or depression. In the past decade, research in the neuroimaging and psychiatric domain has substantially progressed to (i) characterize impaired humor as an element of psychopathology, and (ii) shed light on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the role of humor in neuropsychiatric diseases. However, (iii) targeted interventions using concepts of positive psychology have revealed first evidence that a systematic training and/or a potential reactivation of humor-related skills can improve rehabilitative outcome in neuropsychiatric patient groups. Here, we sought to integrate evidence from neuroscience, as well as from psychopathology and treatment research to shed more light on the role of humor in psychiatry. Based on these considerations, we provide directions for future research and application in mental health services, focusing on the question of how our scientific understanding of humor can provide the basis for psychological interventions that foster positive attitudes and well-being.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Timothy Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
Economic Fairness ◽  
Children's Interests ◽  
Good Environment

The central arguments of this book have been that children are owed a good environment in which to grow up and that adults are owed the stable and supported right to care for children if they so desire. In Part I, I explored how to conceptualize children’s justice and how to measure whether children’s interests are being met by their society. I showed why children’s interests cannot be understood in terms of holding a set of resources, even if resources are understood in a very broad sense. When the subject of justice is understood to be adults, then it makes sense that the role of principles of justice simply be giving each person their fair share. This was the perspective taken by the two most influential liberal thinkers of the last century, John Rawls and Ronald Dworkin. I suggested their approach cannot cope with the needs of children, since children might have a fair share of economic resources yet grow up socialized into beliefs, values and practices that are harmful to their current and future flourishing. A theory of justice must, therefore, take holistic account of the various ways in which upbringing might affect a person’s life, thus looking at its effects on children’s well-being. To meet this challenge, I offered an objective list account of children’s well-being which suggested that this is principally driven by the quality of their relationships with others. This theoretical shift implies a reconceptualization of what justice is about. Instead of justice being understood primarily as economic fairness, it must be seen as fundamentally about creating a society with norms and practice which foster flourishing interpersonal relationships, with a particular concern for the least advantaged children whose interests must be given priority....

Touch

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Troisi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

This chapter briefly reviews recent empirical research on touch, including the role of touch in early development, emotions that can be conveyed by touch, the importance of touch for interpersonal relationships, and how friendly touch affects compliance in different situations. Physiological and biochemical effects of touch are also reviewed, including decreased heart rate, blood pressure and cortisol, and increased oxytocin. The beneficial effects of touch, including massage therapy, for socioemotional and physical well-being are explained in light of the importance of mother–infant contact in all primate species. To develop normally, primate infants and human babies need much physical contact with their mothers; touch deprivation is one of the most pathogenic condition for a young primate. The second part of the chapter analyzes how cultural evolution has elaborated the natural predisposition toward affiliative touch, creating complex rituals and specific taboos. Finally, the chapter briefly discusses “displacement activities” that consist mostly of movements focused on one’s own body, such as self-touching, scratching, and self-grooming.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE AND SPEED BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL FEMALE STUDENTS OF BAHAUDDIN ZAKARIYA UNIVERSITY PAKISTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Ghufran Hadier Hamdani ◽  
QingZhong He ◽  
Syeda Urooj Fatima Hamdani ◽  
Syed Muhammad Zeeshan Haider Hamdani ◽  
Syed Muhammad Danish Haider Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Urban Girls ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Urban Rural

The purpose of the present study was to determine which group of female students urban/rural has better physical fitness performance in tests. Samples comprised of 72 females’ students (36 urban and 36 rural), this represented 10% of the population from each school of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan. Two physical Fitness components: speed and cardiovascular endurance were assessed using 60 Meters Speed test for speed and Harward Step Test for cardiovascular endurance. Descriptive Statistics examine the characteristics of the samples and Independent ‘t’ test was employed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The results indicated that urban girls’ performance was superior to the rural girls in speed (9.29Mean) and cardiovascular endurance (5.97Mean) in both physical fitness tests urban girls’ physical fitness level was higher. The findings of this study proved that the results of this study are unique and shows that urban girls have more physical fitness trend than urban girls, moreover it was also discovered for future studies that the cultural, social and living environment had a great impact on the physical fitness of females in Pakistan.

scholarly journals The Effect of Place of Residence on Physical Fitness and Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in 3–5-Year-Old Girls and Boys: Urban vs. Rural

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Torres-Luque ◽  
Raquel Hernández-García ◽  
Enrique Ortega-Toro ◽  
Pantelis Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Ball Bouncing ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of place of residence on physical fitness and adherence to Mediterranean Diet (AMD) in 3–5-year-old children, i.e., whether those who live in urban areas differ than those in rural and whether any difference varied by age. Participants were 363 preschoolers (age 3–5 years old), who performed a series of anthropometric, physical fitness tests and measured their nutritional habits through a 16-item Mediterranean Diet (KIDMED) questionnaire. The main findings of the present study were that (a) boys had better performance in ball bouncing, Medicine Ball Throw Test (MBTT), 25 m sprint, Standing Broad Jump (SBJ), crawling, and shuttle run test (SRT) than girls, and the magnitude of these differences was small; (b) preschoolers in urban residence were taller than those in rural and had better performance in SRT; (c) older preschoolers had larger anthropometric characteristics and better performance than younger preschoolers; (d) the magnitude of the effect of age was larger than the effect of residence; and (e) good AMD was more prevalent in boys than in girls and in 3-year-old participants than in their older peers, but was not related to place of residence. Therefore, these findings identified the need to develop exercise and nutrition intervention programs in preschoolers considering sex, age, and place of residence.

scholarly journals ABOUT THE SCHOOL AND THE STUDENT-TEACHER RELATIONSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: SOME PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-424
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Tłuściak-Deliowska
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Student Teacher Relationship ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rapid Pace

Contemporaneity, defined as post-modernity, is a stage of civilization changes, which in its nature entails changes in the sphere of didactic and educational thinking and practice. The rapid pace of social change, shaping new interpersonal relationships, progressive axiological chaos, enforce a kind of revision of views on the school as a place and the role of the teacher in it. Over the past several decades, throughout the world we have been observing the role of education, which is increasingly seen as a factor affecting, to a large extent, the well-being, development and quality of life of citizens and the economic progress of the countries. One can also suppose that this process will shape the face of future times to an even greater extent. The persons responsible for the organization of education are therefore wondering what education will be most useful to young people in the future. Attempts are made to identify certain key competences for the 21st century. According to the position of some people, any planning and anticipation of such a rapidly changing reality is impossible because the effects of various phenomena that already exist and inventions that are just emerging will be so great that the forecasts themselves do not make sense. On the other hand, “somehow” we have to find ourselves in this reality. And this uncertainty and variability, which, paradoxically, is certain, becomes the anchor point. From this emerges the task of preparing to cope with the uncertainty and changeability that can be met. The aim is to prepare the young generation to live in a world of constant change and to cope with what is unpredictable. Substantially, the task of the 21st century school seems to be double: prepare the young generation to live here and now and to live in a different, ever-changing reality. Is it possible?

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms in elderly people participating in University of the Third Age and residents of Nursing Homes: the role of optimism and acceptance of passing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Idczak-Paceś ◽  
Adrian Kabat ◽  
Adrianna Krzywik ◽  
Iwona Nowakowska
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Third Age

The elderly age group needs particular support in preventing development of depressive symptoms, among others, due to the prospect of passing. This group is heterogenous in terms of characteristics of ways of spending leisure time, which, as an important aspect of everyday life affecting the quality of interpersonal relationships and well-being, might be related to the level of their depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to find out whether participation in University of Third Age (UTA; leisure time spending directed at personal development) activities versus being a Nursing Home resident (NH; leisure time spending, directed at compensation of difficulties associated to the aging process) may differentiate elderly people in terms of the level of depression taking into account their optimism and acceptance of passing. The study was paper-pencil questionnaire-based, conducted on a sample of people above the age of 59: participants of UTA (N=48) and NH (N=54). In the UTA group, consistently for all levels of acceptance of passing, the higher the level of optimism, the lower the depressive symptoms. However, for the NH group, the higher the acceptance of passing, the lower the role of optimism in predicting depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Becoming a Grandparent and Its Effect on Well-Being: The Role of Order of Transitions, Time, and Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2250-2262
Author(s):  
Giorgio Di Gessa ◽  
Valeria Bordone ◽  
Bruno Arpino
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Objectives Although the majority of older people are grandparents, little is known on whether and how the transition into grandparenthood affects their well-being. Moreover, evidence on whether the order of the transition, the time since grandchild’s birth, and the sociodemographic characteristics of the offspring modify the grandparental well-being is scarce. Taking into account these factors, our study examines the association between becoming a grandparent and subsequent well-being. Methods Our study is based on grandparents aged 50 and older from Waves 4–6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Using longitudinal analyses, we investigate associations between becoming a grandparent and subsequent life satisfaction, positive affect, and depression controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors as well as health and well-being at baseline. Furthermore, we explore the role of modifying factors such as whether the grandchild was first-born, the time since transition, and sociodemographic characteristics of the offspring who became a parent. Results Becoming a grandparent has a positive effect on well-being only among women who became grandmothers for the first time and via their daughters. Moreover, this effect is particularly strong in the proximity of the birth of the grandchild. No effects were found among first-time grandfathers. Having an additional grandchild does not affect well-being of grandparents, regardless of the offspring’s characteristics. Discussion Transitioning to grandparenthood per se does not affect well-being. More research is needed to further investigate if interpersonal relationships and changes in roles triggered by becoming a grandparent could help promote well-being in later life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document