scholarly journals Knapping tools in Magdalenian contexts: New evidence from Gough’s Cave (Somerset, UK)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261031
Author(s):  
Silvia M. Bello ◽  
Lucile Crété ◽  
Julia Galway-Witham ◽  
Simon A. Parfitt
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
History Museum ◽  
North West ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
New Evidence

Our knowledge of the recolonization of north-west Europe at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum depends to a large extent on finds from Gough’s Cave (Somerset, UK). Ultra-high resolution radiocarbon determinations suggest that the cave was occupied seasonally by Magdalenian hunters for perhaps no more than two or three human generations, centred on 12,600 BP (~14,950–14,750 cal BP). They left behind a rich and diverse assemblage of Magdalenian lithic and osseous artefacts, butchered animal bones, and cannibalised human remains. The faunal assemblage from Gough’s Cave is one of the most comprehensively studied from any Magdalenian site, yet new and unexpected discoveries continue to be made. Here, we record previously unrecognized flint-knapping tools that were identified during a survey of the Gough’s Cave faunal collection at the Natural History Museum (London). We identified bones used as hammers and teeth manipulated as pressure-flakers to manufacture flint tools. Most of the pieces appear to be ad hoc (single-use?) tools, but a horse molar was almost certainly a curated object that was used over an extended period to work many stone tools. This paper explores how these knapping tools were used to support a more nuanced understanding of Magdalenian stone-tool manufacturing processes. Moreover, we provide a standard for identifying minimally-used knapping tools that will help to establish whether retouchers and other organic stone-working tools are as rare in the Magdalenian archaeological record as current studies suggest.

The Later Prehistory of North-West Europe

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bradley ◽  
Colin Haselgrove ◽  
Marc Vander Linden ◽  
Leo Webley
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
North West ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Late Mesolithic

The Later Prehistory of North-West Europe provides a unique, up-to-date, and easily accessible synthesis of the later prehistoric archaeology of north-west Europe, transcending political and language barriers that can hinder understanding. By surveying changes in social forms, landscape organization, monument types, and ritual practices over six millennia, the volume reassesses the prehistory of north-west Europe from the late Mesolithic to the end of the pre-Roman Iron Age. It explores how far common patterns of social development are apparent across north-west Europe, and whether there were periods when local differences were emphasized instead. In relation to this, it also examines changes through time in the main axes of contact between the various regions of continental Europe, Britain, and Ireland. Key to the volume's broad scope is its focus on the vast mass of new evidence provided by recent development-led excavations. The authors collate data that has been gathered on thousands of sites across Britain, Ireland, northern France, the Low Countries, western Germany, and Denmark, using sources including unpublished 'grey literature' reports. The results challenge many aspects of previous narratives of later prehistory, allowing the volume to present a distinctively fresh perspective.

scholarly journals New evidence of dhole Cuon alpinus populations in north-west China

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Riordan ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Kun Shi ◽  
Hongyan Fu ◽  
Zhu Dabuxilike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West China ◽  
North West ◽  
Cuon Alpinus ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals Toxin Detection by Cell Culture Neutralization Assay [CYT] and Toxin based EIA [Tox EIA] among Recurrent Episodes of CDI Diagnosed by PCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S395-S395
Author(s):  
Mini Kamboj ◽  
Tracy Mcmillen ◽  
Hoi Yan Chow ◽  
Jennifer Brite ◽  
N Esther Babady
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Positive Recurrent

Abstract Background The Ad Hoc C. difficile surveillance working group defines recurrent C. difficile infection as a second episode occurring >8 weeks after the index case. Due to its high sensitivity, diagnosis of recurrent CDI by PCR is extremely challenging in patients who may have persistent, PCR detectable shedding of toxigenic C. difficile (TCD) for an extended period of time after treatment of the initial CDI episode. CYT, which detects C. difficile toxin antigen, is a cumbersome test to perform but is considered as the current clinical diagnostic gold standard for CDI diagnosis. Aim: To determine the CYT and Toxin A/B EIA positivity among patients with recurrent CDI episodes detected by PCR. We further characterized the performance of diagnostic tests based on whether the recurrent episode was a relapse or reinfection. Methods During a three month study period, CYT and Tox A/B EIA was performed on consecutive stool samples submitted from PCR positive recurrent episodes of CDI. For the purpose of this study, recurrence was defined as a second episode of CDI that occurred within 120 days from the most recent episode. MLST analysis was performed as previously described to characterize relapse and reinfection among the recurrent episodes (2). Results Thirty-five recurrent episodes occurred over the study period. 21/35 [60%] were positive by CYT and 12/35 [34%] by Tox A/B EIA. Among the recurrent CDI episodes, 16 (46%) were genotypical confirmed as relapse with the original infecting strain. Majority of these relapses were positive by CYT (81%) when compared with Tox EIA (43%). Among patients with geno typically confirmed reinfection (n = 8), CYT and EIA positivity was 63 % and 50 % respectively. For the remaining 11 episodes, TCD was not retrievable in culture, CYT and EIA positivity among this group was 27 % and 9 % respectively. Conclusion Forty percent of recurrent CDI episodes detected by PCR could not be confirmed by CYT. EIA missed 66 % of CYT positive recurrent CDI. The performance of CYT and EIA varied among recurrences due to relapse and reinfection. These results have significant implication for reporting of CDI HAI rates. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

A content account of creative analogies in biologically inspired design

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swaroop S. Vattam ◽  
Michael E. Helms ◽  
Ashok K. Goel
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Biologically Inspired Design ◽  
Content Theory

AbstractThe growing movement of biologically inspired design is driven in part by the need for sustainable development and in part by the recognition that nature could be a source of innovation. Biologically inspired design by definition entails cross-domain analogies from biological systems to problems in engineering and other design domains. However, the practice of biologically inspired design at present typically isad hoc, with little systemization of either biological knowledge for the purposes of engineering design or the processes of transferring knowledge of biological designs to engineering problems. In this paper we present an intricate episode of biologically inspired engineering design that unfolded over an extended period of time. We then analyze our observations in terms ofwhy,what,how, andwhenquestions of analogy. This analysis contributes toward a content theory of creative analogies in the context of biologically inspired design.

scholarly journals Human Neural Stem Cell Systems to Explore Pathogen-Related Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1893
Author(s):  
Matteo Baggiani ◽  
Maria Teresa Dell’Anno ◽  
Mauro Pistello ◽  
Luciano Conti ◽  
Marco Onorati
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Coxsackie Virus ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Neuronal Lineage ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
And Function ◽  
New Evidence

Building and functioning of the human brain requires the precise orchestration and execution of myriad molecular and cellular processes, across a multitude of cell types and over an extended period of time. Dysregulation of these processes affects structure and function of the brain and can lead to neurodevelopmental, neurological, or psychiatric disorders. Multiple environmental stimuli affect neural stem cells (NSCs) at several levels, thus impairing the normal human neurodevelopmental program. In this review article, we will delineate the main mechanisms of infection adopted by several neurotropic pathogens, and the selective NSC vulnerability. In particular, TORCH agents, i.e., Toxoplasma gondii, others (including Zika virus and Coxsackie virus), Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex virus, will be considered for their devastating effects on NSC self-renewal with the consequent neural progenitor depletion, the cellular substrate of microcephaly. Moreover, new evidence suggests that some of these agents may also affect the NSC progeny, producing long-term effects in the neuronal lineage. This is evident in the paradigmatic example of the neurodegeneration occurring in Alzheimer’s disease.

Orientation within Early Medieval Cemeteries: Some Data from North-West Wales

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 309-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Longley
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Magnetic Compass ◽  
Solar Observation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
North West ◽  
New Evidence

In volume 81 of the Antiquaries Journal, AH and Cunich presented new evidence in respect of the orientation of eleventh- and twelfth-century churches. The object of their research was to test whether the important churches of the early second millennium in England might have been aligned using a magnetic compass. Their data, meticulously collected, led them to conclude that only in a very small number of instances could the use of a magnetic compass have been possible and that solar observation was, in a significant number of instances, the determinant of orientation. More particularly, the rising of the sun above the horizon and possibly, though less frequently, the setting sun, provided the alignment. It was possible to show a close correlation with sunrise or sunset at patronal feast days, that is, the day on which the venerated saint was believed to have died, at Easter and on true east, determined by equinoctial sunrise.

scholarly journals How can Europe tackle the three employment challenges: the digital, the climate and the pandemic transition?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Kenneth Abrahamsson ◽  
Allan Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Content Quality ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Transition Mechanism ◽  
To Come ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Climate Transition

Abstract Never before in modern times has Working Europe been faced with such a fundamental and far-reaching transition pressure. We are in the beginning of two powerful transition processes, the innovation-driven digital transformation, and the policy-driven climate transition. On the top of these processes we are now facing a pandemic-driven restructuring of important sectors of our economies. Are our labour market regimes and policies fit for these challenges? Are we finally witnessing “the end of work” and an extended period of being Left Behind? Or can we build up capacities to deal with these three fundamental challenges? In this paper the authors discuss these issues based on the most recent labour market research and statistics and present some preliminary conclusions on the new forms of transition mechanism, and the scaling-up of European and national labour market transition policies as part of the Next Europe recovery strategy. It is not easy to predict the content, quality and volume of a skill development needs caused by the triple challenge of climate change, digitalisation, and Covid-19. We suggest, however, that the EU Commission should develop a transition capacity indicator corresponding to at least one fifth of the labour force and to recommend new springboards and bridges to work for the next years to come. We are convinced that this is the most productive and profitable investment Europe can do. Keywords: Digitalisation, climate change, green deal, Covid-19, just transition, skill gap

Global–local dynamics in anti-feminist discourses: an analysis of Indian, Russian and US online communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1367-1385
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Rothermel
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Local Dynamics ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Global Consensus ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract Women's rights are a core part of a global consensus on human rights. However, we are currently experiencing an increasing popularity of anti-feminist and misogynist politics threatening to override feminist gains. In order to help explain this current revival and appeal, in this article I analyse how anti-feminist communities construct their collective identities at the intersection of local and global trends and affiliations. Through an in-depth analysis of representations in the collective identities of six popular online anti-feminist communities based in India, Russia and the United States, I shed light on how anti-feminists discursively construct their anti-feminist ‘self’ and the feminist ‘other’ between narratives of localized resistance to change and backlash against the results of broader societal developments associated with globalization. The results expose a complex set of global–local dynamics, which provide a nuanced understanding of the differences and commonalities of anti-feminist collective identity-building and mobilization processes across contexts. By explicitly focusing on the role of discursively produced locations for anti-feminist identity-building and providing new evidence on anti-feminist communities across three different continents, the article contributes to current discussions on transnational anti-feminist mobilizations in both social movement studies and feminist International Relations.

OPINIONS ON THE LOWLAND MAYA LATE ARCHAIC PERIOD WITH SOME EVIDENCE FROM NORTHERN BELIZE

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Rosenswig
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Maya Lowlands ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Village Life

AbstractThe fourth millennium b.p. in the Maya lowlands provides an interesting case, with mobile, aceramic peoples documented, while ceramic-using villagers lived in other parts of Mesoamerica. Rather than ask why ceramic containers and village life took so long to reach the Maya lowlands, the question can be inverted to posit that a mixed horticultural-foraging adaptation was so effective that it persisted longer than elsewhere. I propose that the so-called 4.2 ka b.p. event was the ultimate cause of increased sedentism and the first adoption of ceramic containers in a limited number of regions of Mesoamerica. My musings are grounded in the comparisons of data from the Soconusco region of southern Mexico and evidence from northern Belize at Colha and Pulltrouser Swamp, as well as the Freshwater Creek drainage. I assume that proximate behavior must account for local adaptations and different rates of change in each region of Mesoamerica. Therefore, regional adaptation in northern Belize during the Late Archaic period provides the evidence with which to reconstruct local adaptation. Excavations and regional reconnaissance document a distinctive orange soil horizon at Progresso Lagoon associated with patinated chert tools and an absence of ceramics. Stone tool assemblages from the preceramic components of three sites in the region indicate a spatial separation of tool use and resharpening at island versus shore. Starch grains recovered from these stone tools indicate that preceramic peoples in northern Belize harvested maize and several other domesticated plant species. These data are consistent with local paleoenvironmental studies that document an extended period of horticultural activity during the fifth and fourth millennia b.p. prior to the adoption of ceramics. Lithic assemblages and associated dietary information from multiple sites provide glimpses of the data necessary to reconstruct Late Archaic period adaptation from a single locale. Such data will be required to understand the proximate causes for the transition to a more settled, village life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document