scholarly journals A Critical Appraisal of Current Practice in the Detection, Analysis, and Reporting of Cryoglobulins

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Vermeersch ◽  
Koenraad Gijbels ◽  
Godelieve Mariën ◽  
Rod Lunn ◽  
William Egner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Comparability Of Results ◽  
Missed Diagnoses

Abstract To assess current practice in the detection, analysis, and reporting of cryoglobulins, a questionnaire was sent to 140 laboratories. Only 36% of laboratories used standard procedures (tube preheating, transport in container, and sedimentation and/or centrifugation at 37 °C) to ensure that the temperature did not drop below 37 °C until after serum separation. Time periods allowed for cryoprecipitation at 4 °C varied from 12 h to 9 days, with 30% of laboratories allowing precipitation for <3 days. After cryoprecipitation, 81% of laboratories resolubilized the cryoprecipitate at 37 °C, and 77% further immunotyped the cryoprecipitate. After analysis, 5% referred the sample for confirmation, 58% provided a nonquantitative report, and 37% reported the cryoglobulin concentration in the cryoprecipitate as cryocrit, total protein concentration, and/or immunoglobulin concentration. Only 3 laboratories (2%) provided cryoprecipitate-specific reference values for total protein content, and none provided reference values for immunoglobulins. We believe standardization is needed for cryoglobulin detection to avoid missed diagnoses and improve the comparability of results. Laboratories should ensure that sample temperature does not drop below 37 °C until after serum separation. The serum should cryoprecipitate at 4 °C for at least 3 (preferably 7) days. The cryoprecipitate should be washed and resolubilized at 37 °C for further analysis.

scholarly journals Individual Acclimatization of Apis mellifera L. to the Thermal Homeostasis of the Colony

Sociobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Marcos Venâncio Lima ◽  
Leonardo Augusto Fonseca Pascoal ◽  
Edilson Paes Saraiva ◽  
Kilmer Oliveira Soares ◽  
João Paulo Araújo Fernandes de Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Global Climate Changes

Bees play an important role in maintaining biodiversity by promoting the pollination of numerous plant species. Recent global climate changes are affecting the average air temperature, thereby altering the biological processes of many species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the adaptation of Apis mellifera L. bees to temperature increases and their responses to thermal homeostasis in the colony. Research was performed at the Federal University of Paraíba Laboratory of Bees using three treatments: Control, 33 °C and 40 °C. For the latter two treatments, colonies were kept in a 24 m² climate chamber with an opening at the hive entrance, giving the bees access to the outside environment. The following parameters were evaluated: difference between internal and external hive temperature, thorax surface temperature and total protein concentration in the hemolymph. Internal colony temperature varied according to the external hive temperature. Nurse bees that care for larvae exhibited higher heat production, expressed as thorax surface temperature. Total protein content in the hemolymph was highest in the 40 °C treatment and decreased with ambient temperature. External hive temperature influences internal hive temperature, and nurse bees have higher capacities for thermogenesis.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of Brazilian hulless barley varieties, flour fractionation, and protein concentration

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Vieira Helm ◽  
Alicia de Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Hulless Barley

Even though hulless barley is widely known due to its nutritional potential, in Brazil it is only grown at a few agricultural experimental stations. There is no published data about the chemical composition of Brazilian hulless barley varieties; however, research laboratories have studied their agronomical characteristics. The objectives of this study were to present the chemical characterization and effect of flour fractionation on protein concentration of six Brazilian hulless barley varieties, namely IAC IBON 214/82, IAC 8612/421, IAC 8501/31, IAC 8501/12, IAPAR 39-Acumaí, and IAC 8501/22. The analyses included: ash, ether extract, total protein, starch, total insoluble and soluble dietary fiber, and beta-glucans. Flour fractionation was carried out by sieving. The flour fractions were evaluated for crude protein, protein, and protein and non-protein nitrogen. Chemical composition varied (P < 0.05) among all the varieties. IAC 8501/22, IAC 8501/31, and IAC 8501/12 showed the highest protein content (15.69, 15.25, and 14.94% respectively). Differences (P < 0.05) among the protein of the fractionated flours were detected, and might be attributed primarily to genetic background since all varieties were grown under the same environmental conditions. Fractionating the flour increased the total protein content, in some fractions, by up to 2%. These results may be useful in the food industry for the selection of hulless barley varieties for human consumption and to produce substantially protein-enriched flour fractions.

scholarly journals Influence of Sampling Conditions, Salivary Flow, and Total Protein Content in Uric Acid Measurements in Saliva

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge M. González-Hernández ◽  
Lorena Franco ◽  
David Colomer-Poveda ◽  
Silvia Martinez-Subiela ◽  
Ramón Cugat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Adequate Sampling ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
Level Of Effort

Uric acid (UA) is the most abundant antioxidant compound in saliva and one of the most sensitive biomarkers for detecting changes in the oxidative status of the organism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of: (i) different methods of saliva sampling and (ii) the correction by salivary flow or total protein on UA concentrations in saliva. Paired saliva (collected by two different methods, passive drooling and using Salivette cotton rolls) and serum samples were obtained from 12 healthy men after the performance of two resistance training exercises of different level of effort that can produce different concentrations in UA in saliva. There were no significant differences between values of uric acid in saliva using Salivette and passive drool. Correlations between UA in serum and saliva and increases in UA in saliva after exercise were detected when saliva samples were obtained by passive drool and Salivette and were not corrected by salivary flow or total protein concentration. Therefore for UA measurements in saliva it would not be recommended to normalize the results by salivary flow or protein concentration. This study highlights the importance of choosing an adequate sampling method selection as well as the expression of results when analytes are measured in saliva.

Comparative analysis of protein content in rat mesenteric tissue, peritoneal fluid, and plasma

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. G714-G718 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Barber ◽  
T. J. Schultz ◽  
D. L. Randlett
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Lowry Assay

Albumin, transferrin, and total protein concentrations were measured in the mesenteric tissue, peritoneal fluid, and plasma of 12 ketamine-Nembutal-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue samples were obtained with an 8-mm trephine; tissue water content was determined by a microgravimetric method to be 5.2 +/- 0.3 microgram water/microgram dry wt. Peritoneal fluid was collected by capillary action in hematocrit tubes, and blood samples were taken from a femoral artery catheter. Total protein concentrations of plasma (5.8 +/- 0.3 g/dl) and peritoneal fluid (2.6 +/- 0.1 g/dl) were determined by Lowry assay. Ratios of peritoneal fluid and tissue densitogram areas to plasma area were used to calculate total protein content of peritoneal fluid (2.5 +/- 0.1 g/dl) and tissue (1.8 +/- 0.2 g/dl). Albumin concentrations were 1.1 +/- 0.1 g/dl for tissue, 1.4 +/- 0.1 g/dl for peritoneal fluid, and 2.8 +/- 0.1 g/dl for plasma. Transferrin concentrations were 0.09 +/- 0.01 g/dl for tissue, 0.13 +/- 0.01 g/dl for peritoneal fluid, and 0.28 +/- 0.01 g/dl for plasma. Peritoneal fluid protein concentrations were similar to values found for lymph in previous studies. Protein concentration in the tissue buttons was significantly less than that of peritoneal fluid. This contradicts the widely held assumption that the protein concentration of fluid outside the matrix is representative of a well-mixed interstitial matrix fluid protein concentration.

Changes in the protein concentration and volume of the haemolymph in relation to yolk deposition, ovariectomy, allatectomy, and cautery of the median neurosecretory cells in Melanoplus sanguinipes

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Elliott ◽  
C. Gillott
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Median Neurosecretory Cells

The protein concentration and volume of the haemolymph may change with no apparent relation to one another in normal, ovariectomized, allatectomized, and median-neurosecretorycell-cauterized (mNSC-cauterized) females. Therefore, protein levels in the haemolymph are more meaningfully expressed in terms of the total protein content. In normal females, fluctuations in the haemolymph volume tend to parallel changes in the protein concentration during the first and subsequent gonotrophic periods. However, significantly less protein accumulates during the latter periods. The suggestion that these fluctuations partly reflect changes in the vitellogenic requirements of the oocytes is supported by the finding that both the volume and protein concentration increase significantly after ovariectomy.Allatectomy or mNSC cautery prevents the normal accumulation of protein in the haemolymph. In allatectomized females, the slight increase in protein concentration is accompanied by a decline in haemolymph volume. Cautery of the mNSC, provided it is performed within 3 h of emergence, results in a low protein concentration but has no effect on the haemolymph volume. The observations are discussed in terms of the corpora allata and mNSC control of haemolymph protein synthesis.

scholarly journals Age-specific reference values for cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration in neonates and young infants

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir S. Shah ◽  
Jessica Ebberson ◽  
Lori A. Kestenbaum ◽  
Richard L. Hodinka ◽  
Joseph J. Zorc
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein

Percentile estimates of reference values for total protein and albumin in sera of premature infants (less than 37 weeks of gestation).

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Zlotkin ◽  
C W Casselman
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Term Infants

Abstract We measured the concentrations of total protein and albumin in sera of 281 well-fed premature infants, gestational ages 22-36 weeks, and calculated reference values from the 10th to 90th percentiles. The mean serum albumin concentration (27.6 +/- 4.4 g/L, mean +/- SD) and total protein concentration (49.2 +/- 6.7 g/L) at a postnatal age of 14.5 days were lower than reference values for full-term infants. We detected a significant positive correlation between albumin concentration and gestational age (r = 0.34, p less than 0.01) and total protein concentration and gestational age (r = 0.43, p less than 0.01). Even though albumin values were low, generalized edema was not present. We conclude that values for total protein and albumin in the preterm infant are lower than in the full-term infant but are an expected physiological response to premature birth.

Validated age-specific reference values for CSF total protein levels in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kahlmann ◽  
J. Roodbol ◽  
N. van Leeuwen ◽  
C.R.B. Ramakers ◽  
D. van Pelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Protein Levels

scholarly journals Profiling of Cerebrospinal Fluid Lipids and Their Relationship with Plasma Lipids in Healthy Humans

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Kosuke Saito ◽  
Kotaro Hattori ◽  
Shinsuke Hidese ◽  
Daimei Sasayama ◽  
Tomoko Miyakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Lipid Profiling ◽  
Healthy Humans

Lipidomics provides an overview of lipid profiles in biological systems. Although blood is commonly used for lipid profiling, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is more suitable for exploring lipid homeostasis in brain diseases. However, whether an individual’s background affects the CSF lipid profile remains unclear, and the association between CSF and plasma lipid profiles in heathy individuals has not yet been defined. Herein, lipidomics approaches were employed to analyze CSF and plasma samples obtained from 114 healthy Japanese subjects. Results showed that the global lipid profiles differed significantly between CSF and plasma, with only 13 of 114 lipids found to be significantly correlated between the two matrices. Additionally, the CSF total protein content was the primary factor associated with CSF lipids. In the CSF, the levels of major lipids, namely, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and cholesterolesters, correlated with CSF total protein levels. These findings indicate that CSF lipidomics can be applied to explore changes in lipid homeostasis in patients with brain diseases.

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