scholarly journals Influence of Sampling Conditions, Salivary Flow, and Total Protein Content in Uric Acid Measurements in Saliva

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge M. González-Hernández ◽  
Lorena Franco ◽  
David Colomer-Poveda ◽  
Silvia Martinez-Subiela ◽  
Ramón Cugat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Adequate Sampling ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
Level Of Effort

Uric acid (UA) is the most abundant antioxidant compound in saliva and one of the most sensitive biomarkers for detecting changes in the oxidative status of the organism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of: (i) different methods of saliva sampling and (ii) the correction by salivary flow or total protein on UA concentrations in saliva. Paired saliva (collected by two different methods, passive drooling and using Salivette cotton rolls) and serum samples were obtained from 12 healthy men after the performance of two resistance training exercises of different level of effort that can produce different concentrations in UA in saliva. There were no significant differences between values of uric acid in saliva using Salivette and passive drool. Correlations between UA in serum and saliva and increases in UA in saliva after exercise were detected when saliva samples were obtained by passive drool and Salivette and were not corrected by salivary flow or total protein concentration. Therefore for UA measurements in saliva it would not be recommended to normalize the results by salivary flow or protein concentration. This study highlights the importance of choosing an adequate sampling method selection as well as the expression of results when analytes are measured in saliva.

ELEVATED SALIVARY DJ-1 IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED SALIVARY SECRETION

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. e4.111-e4
Author(s):  
Joseph Masters ◽  
Alaistair Noyce ◽  
Gavin Giovannoni ◽  
Tom Warner ◽  
Gordon Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

AimTo investigate the composition of saliva in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsSaliva was collected from 16 patients with PD and 22 age-matched controls. Salivary DJ-1 concentrations were measured with quantitative immunoblotting; total protein concentration with a BCA assay; amylase with an amylase activity assay; and mucin concentrations with periodic-acid Schiff stained SDS gels.ResultsSalivary flow rate was not significantly different between patients and controls. Patient saliva showed increases in DJ-1 concentration (0.84 vs 0.42 µg/ml, p=0.001) and total protein concentration (8.4 vs 5.0 mg/ml, p=0.001). In patients, adjusted DJ-1 levels correlated with disease severity measured with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (p=0.019). Concentrations of amylase, but not mucins, were elevated in the saliva of patients (0.127 vs 0.061 units/ml, p<0.001) and correlated positively with both total protein (p<0.001) and DJ-1 concentration (p<0.013).ConclusionsThis preliminary study suggests that the saliva of patients with PD is different in composition to that of controls, which supports the notion that saliva may be a good candidate for biomarker discovery in PD. Altered protein secretion may be a manifestation of autonomic dysfunction in PD.

scholarly journals A Critical Appraisal of Current Practice in the Detection, Analysis, and Reporting of Cryoglobulins

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Vermeersch ◽  
Koenraad Gijbels ◽  
Godelieve Mariën ◽  
Rod Lunn ◽  
William Egner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Comparability Of Results ◽  
Missed Diagnoses

Abstract To assess current practice in the detection, analysis, and reporting of cryoglobulins, a questionnaire was sent to 140 laboratories. Only 36% of laboratories used standard procedures (tube preheating, transport in container, and sedimentation and/or centrifugation at 37 °C) to ensure that the temperature did not drop below 37 °C until after serum separation. Time periods allowed for cryoprecipitation at 4 °C varied from 12 h to 9 days, with 30% of laboratories allowing precipitation for &lt;3 days. After cryoprecipitation, 81% of laboratories resolubilized the cryoprecipitate at 37 °C, and 77% further immunotyped the cryoprecipitate. After analysis, 5% referred the sample for confirmation, 58% provided a nonquantitative report, and 37% reported the cryoglobulin concentration in the cryoprecipitate as cryocrit, total protein concentration, and/or immunoglobulin concentration. Only 3 laboratories (2%) provided cryoprecipitate-specific reference values for total protein content, and none provided reference values for immunoglobulins. We believe standardization is needed for cryoglobulin detection to avoid missed diagnoses and improve the comparability of results. Laboratories should ensure that sample temperature does not drop below 37 °C until after serum separation. The serum should cryoprecipitate at 4 °C for at least 3 (preferably 7) days. The cryoprecipitate should be washed and resolubilized at 37 °C for further analysis.

scholarly journals Multianalyte Serum Analysis Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Anthony Shaw ◽  
Steven Kotowich ◽  
Michael Leroux ◽  
Henry H Mantsch
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Infrared Transmission ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Chemical

This study assesses the potential for using mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy of dried serum films as the basis for the simultaneous quantitation of eight serum analytes: Total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, urea, creatinine and uric acid. Infrared transmission spectra were acquired for 300 serum samples, each analysed independently using accepted reference clinical chemical methods. Quantitation methods were based upon the infrared spectra and reference analyses for 200 specimens, and the models validated using the remaining 100 samples. Standard errors in the IR-predicted analyte levels (Sy/x) were 2.8 g/L (total protein), 2.2 g/L (albumin), 0.23 mmol/L (triglycerides), 0.28 mmol/L (cholesterol), 0.41 mmol/L (glucose) and 1.1 mmol/L for urea, with correlation coefficients (IR vs reference analyses) of 0.95 or better. The IR method emerged to be less suited for creatinine (S y/ x = μmol/L) and uric acid (S y/x = 140 μmol/L) due to the relatively low concentrations typical of these analytes.

scholarly journals Effect of fundectomy, antrectomy and gastrectomy on pancreatic and brush border enzyme activity in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6031-2018
Author(s):  
MAŁGORZATA KAPICA ◽  
IWONA PUZIO
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Distal Jejunum

The aim of our study was to investigate the possible effects of the removal of different parts of the stomach (fundectomy, antrectomy, gastrectomy) on the total protein content and enzyme activity in the pancreas and the brush border of the intestinal mucosa. Twenty-four 2.5-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sham-operated animals (SHO) and those subjected to gastrectomy (Gx), fundectomy (Fx), and antrectomy (ANT). After a six-week experiment, the rats were sacrificed, and blood was collected for further gastrin analysis in serum. Samples of the pancreas, duodenum, and jejunum (proximal part in 25% of length, middle part in 50% of length, and distal part in 75% of length) were collected to determine the total protein content and enzyme activity. The rats subjected to fundectomy, antrectomy and gastrectomy showed an increased total protein content and enzyme activity (amylase, trypsin) in pancreatic tissue. They exhibited an increase in the total protein content in the homogenates of the mucosa of the proximal, middle and distal jejunum, compared to the control, and a statistical increase in maltase activity. Compared with the control group, the rats subjected to Fx and ANT showed a decreased sucrase activity in the homogenates of the mucosa of the duodenum and of the proximal, middle and distal jejunum. In the gastrectomized rats, there was a statistically significant increase in the total protein content in the homogenates of the mucosa of the jejunum, compared to the control, while the activities of lactase and sucrase were decreased. There was a statistically significant increase in the gastrin level in all experimental groups (Fx, ANT, Gx). We suggest that surgical removal of a part of the stomach radically changes the level of hormones that determine many functions of the organism. Hormonal changes may have an impact on the pancreas and the activity of brush border enzymes. .

scholarly journals Individual Acclimatization of Apis mellifera L. to the Thermal Homeostasis of the Colony

Sociobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Marcos Venâncio Lima ◽  
Leonardo Augusto Fonseca Pascoal ◽  
Edilson Paes Saraiva ◽  
Kilmer Oliveira Soares ◽  
João Paulo Araújo Fernandes de Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Global Climate Changes

Bees play an important role in maintaining biodiversity by promoting the pollination of numerous plant species. Recent global climate changes are affecting the average air temperature, thereby altering the biological processes of many species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the adaptation of Apis mellifera L. bees to temperature increases and their responses to thermal homeostasis in the colony. Research was performed at the Federal University of Paraíba Laboratory of Bees using three treatments: Control, 33 °C and 40 °C. For the latter two treatments, colonies were kept in a 24 m² climate chamber with an opening at the hive entrance, giving the bees access to the outside environment. The following parameters were evaluated: difference between internal and external hive temperature, thorax surface temperature and total protein concentration in the hemolymph. Internal colony temperature varied according to the external hive temperature. Nurse bees that care for larvae exhibited higher heat production, expressed as thorax surface temperature. Total protein content in the hemolymph was highest in the 40 °C treatment and decreased with ambient temperature. External hive temperature influences internal hive temperature, and nurse bees have higher capacities for thermogenesis.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of Brazilian hulless barley varieties, flour fractionation, and protein concentration

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Vieira Helm ◽  
Alicia de Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Hulless Barley

Even though hulless barley is widely known due to its nutritional potential, in Brazil it is only grown at a few agricultural experimental stations. There is no published data about the chemical composition of Brazilian hulless barley varieties; however, research laboratories have studied their agronomical characteristics. The objectives of this study were to present the chemical characterization and effect of flour fractionation on protein concentration of six Brazilian hulless barley varieties, namely IAC IBON 214/82, IAC 8612/421, IAC 8501/31, IAC 8501/12, IAPAR 39-Acumaí, and IAC 8501/22. The analyses included: ash, ether extract, total protein, starch, total insoluble and soluble dietary fiber, and beta-glucans. Flour fractionation was carried out by sieving. The flour fractions were evaluated for crude protein, protein, and protein and non-protein nitrogen. Chemical composition varied (P < 0.05) among all the varieties. IAC 8501/22, IAC 8501/31, and IAC 8501/12 showed the highest protein content (15.69, 15.25, and 14.94% respectively). Differences (P < 0.05) among the protein of the fractionated flours were detected, and might be attributed primarily to genetic background since all varieties were grown under the same environmental conditions. Fractionating the flour increased the total protein content, in some fractions, by up to 2%. These results may be useful in the food industry for the selection of hulless barley varieties for human consumption and to produce substantially protein-enriched flour fractions.

Development of Normal Values for Use in Multitest Biochemical Screening of Sera

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T O’Kell ◽  
Joseph R Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Abstract Age- and sex-related "normal" values were calculated for data obtained by screening 8015 patients’ sera with the Technicon SMA 12/60 at the time of hospital admission. Calcium, phosphorus, total protein, and albumin concentrations decrease with age; glucose, urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and lactic dehydrogenase concentrations increase. Uric acid concentration increases with age in women. Mean values for calcium, glucose, urea nitrogen, and uric acid concentrations are greater in men. Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic acid transaminase activity is most frequently abnormal, total protein concentration least frequently. Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin results were unremarkable.

Comparative analysis of protein content in rat mesenteric tissue, peritoneal fluid, and plasma

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. G714-G718 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Barber ◽  
T. J. Schultz ◽  
D. L. Randlett
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Lowry Assay

Albumin, transferrin, and total protein concentrations were measured in the mesenteric tissue, peritoneal fluid, and plasma of 12 ketamine-Nembutal-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue samples were obtained with an 8-mm trephine; tissue water content was determined by a microgravimetric method to be 5.2 +/- 0.3 microgram water/microgram dry wt. Peritoneal fluid was collected by capillary action in hematocrit tubes, and blood samples were taken from a femoral artery catheter. Total protein concentrations of plasma (5.8 +/- 0.3 g/dl) and peritoneal fluid (2.6 +/- 0.1 g/dl) were determined by Lowry assay. Ratios of peritoneal fluid and tissue densitogram areas to plasma area were used to calculate total protein content of peritoneal fluid (2.5 +/- 0.1 g/dl) and tissue (1.8 +/- 0.2 g/dl). Albumin concentrations were 1.1 +/- 0.1 g/dl for tissue, 1.4 +/- 0.1 g/dl for peritoneal fluid, and 2.8 +/- 0.1 g/dl for plasma. Transferrin concentrations were 0.09 +/- 0.01 g/dl for tissue, 0.13 +/- 0.01 g/dl for peritoneal fluid, and 0.28 +/- 0.01 g/dl for plasma. Peritoneal fluid protein concentrations were similar to values found for lymph in previous studies. Protein concentration in the tissue buttons was significantly less than that of peritoneal fluid. This contradicts the widely held assumption that the protein concentration of fluid outside the matrix is representative of a well-mixed interstitial matrix fluid protein concentration.

scholarly journals A Case-Control Study of Salivary Redox Homeostasis in Hypertensive Children. Can Salivary Uric Acid be a Marker of Hypertension?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Taranta-Janusz ◽  
Anna Wasilewska ◽  
Agnieszka Kossakowska ◽  
Anna Zalewska
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Childhood Hypertension

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension; however, there are no data on salivary redox homeostasis and salivary gland function in children with hypertension. A total of 53 children with hypertension and age- and sex-matched controls were classified for the study. The antioxidant barrier and oxidative/nitrosative stress were evaluated in non-stimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva, plasma, and erythrocytes, with Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test used for statistical analysis. We demonstrated that the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase were significantly higher in NWS, SWS, and erythrocytes of children with hypertension, similar to oxidative damage in proteins (advanced glycation end products) and lipids (malondialdehyde) as well as nitrosative stress markers (peroxynitrite and nitrotyrosine). The level of uric acid (UA) was significantly higher in NWS, SWS, and plasma of children with hypertension. UA concentration in SWS correlated positively with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and UA content in plasma. This parameter differentiates children with hypertension from healthy controls (AUC = 0.98) with a high degree of sensitivity (94%) and specificity (94%). Stimulated salivary flow was significantly lower in the hypertension group, similar to total protein content and salivary amylase activity. In summary, childhood hypertension is associated with hyposalivation as well as disturbances in antioxidant defense and enhanced oxidative/nitrosative damage both in the plasma/erythrocytes as well as saliva. Salivary UA may be a potential biomarker of hypertension in children.

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