When heritage laws and environmental laws collide: Artisans, guilds and government support for traditional crafts in Tokyo

Abstract This article examines the legislative basis and operational effectiveness of the national and prefectural systems for designating and promoting traditional crafts in Tokyo. Traditional artisans participate in these systems primarily through their involvement in kumiai ('artisan guilds'), whose historical background and organizational structure are briefly summarized. To evaluate the usefulness of government support for contemporary craft practitioners, four broad and interrelated categories of kumiai activities are examined: promoting craft business, maintaining and enhancing craft skills and product quality, securing the future of craft traditions, and procuring craft materials. These goals are reflected in the frameworks of national and prefectural legislation that aims to support the efforts of kumiai. However, these goals and the resulting legislation have created a sustained discourse of tension palpably felt by many crafters themselves: the clash between laws designed to protect or promote 'traditional' crafts and other laws that aim to safeguard ecology or animal welfare. Examination of this tension as it is understood and discussed by artisans themselves reveals that, although the positive impact of traditional craft designation systems is widely recognized, it is also perceived that incompatible environmental protection laws can negatively affect their business and threaten the long-term sustainability of craft traditions.

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PENGARUH GREEN MARKETING DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK ORIFLAME PURWAKARTA

Eqien: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis ◽

10.34308/eqien.v7i1.122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 63-67

Author(s):

Amna Mawardi

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Product Quality ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Consumer Products ◽

Economic Situation ◽

Green Marketing ◽

Purchase Decision ◽

Purposive Sampling

The Research aimed to determine factors that influencing the purchase decision of oriflame’s product. This research was take in two variables that affect the decision to purchase the green marketing (X1) and Product Quality (X2). Data collection using non-probability technique and the kind of the purposive sampling spread at les 100 respondents in Purwakarta that are active and ever of Oriflame’s consumer products. The research analyzed through the software SPSS 22. The outcome of this research, in partial such green marketing and the product quality have had a significant positive impact of the purchase decision. The whole dependent variable simultaneously influence of the purchase decision with F value count 55,587 and the economic situation of significant 0,000 < 0.05. R square value showed the results of 0,534 having meaning that whole of dependent variable influential simultaneously as many as 53,4 %.

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Lost Glory

10.1093/oso/9780199641994.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sumit K. Majumdar

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Positive Outcomes ◽

State Sector ◽

Definitive Evidence ◽

Industrial Landscape ◽

Intellectual Origins ◽

Automobile Manufacturer ◽

High Output

Lost Glory: India’s Capitalism Story describes India’s industrialization experiences. Questions about long-term industry and productivity evolution, and their impact on economic growth, lie at the heart of discourses of capitalism. The book is based on detailed empirical analyses of India’s industrialization over a period of almost seven decades, and a case study of Maruti Suzuki, India’s largest automobile manufacturer. The deeply nuanced depiction of the historical political economy that has affected India’s industrialization is a unique feature. This history will enlighten everyone interested in India. The presentation takes readers on a definitive evidence-based survey of India’s industrial landscape. It includes a detailed historical description of the intellectual origins of India’s modern industrialization, anchored in a privileged view of economic policymaking. Grounded in historical and political analyses, the facts derived on India’s long-term economic performance are used to set the record straight. It is unsparing in its assessments where the evidence warrants such conclusions. Its findings will transform debate, and set the agenda for thoughtfully assessing the future course of India’s prosperity. The author overturns the assumptions that India’s much-vaunted private sector firms only engender positive outcomes, finding State-sector firms to have become efficient, and the molecular sector to be as effective overall, while also challenging the notion that privatization is necessary for progress. Conversely, it is found that competition policy innovations to have had positive impact. Practical suggestions are provided and three fundamental reforms, one administrative, one structural, and one behavioral, necessary to regenerate high output, are advocated.

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Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) COVID-19 Recovery Service

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001681 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e001681

Author(s):

Oliver O'Sullivan ◽

R Barker-Davies ◽

R Chamley ◽

E Sellon ◽

D Jenkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Medicine ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Acute Illness ◽

Medical Rehabilitation ◽

Rehabilitation Centre ◽

Operational Effectiveness ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Recovery Service ◽

Significant Mortality

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes significant mortality and morbidity, with an unknown impact in the medium to long term. Evidence from previous coronavirus epidemics indicates that there is likely to be a substantial burden of disease, potentially even in those with a mild acute illness. The clinical and occupational effects of COVID-19 are likely to impact on the operational effectiveness of the Armed Forces. Collaboration between Defence Primary Healthcare, Defence Secondary Healthcare, Defence Rehabilitation and Defence Occupational Medicine resulted in the Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre COVID-19 Recovery Service (DCRS). This integrated clinical and occupational pathway uses cardiopulmonary assessment as a cornerstone to identify, diagnose and manage post-COVID-19 pathology.

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Techno-Economic Planning and Operation of the Microgrid Considering Real-Time Pricing Demand Response Program

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154597 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4597

Author(s):

Zi-Xuan Yu ◽

Meng-Shi Li ◽

Yi-Peng Xu ◽

Sheraz Aslam ◽

Yuan-Kang Li

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Demand Response ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Environmental Aspects ◽

Component Size ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Four Seasons ◽

Demand Response Program ◽

Real Time Pricing

The optimal planning of grid-connected microgrids (MGs) has been extensively studied in recent years. While most of the previous studies have used fixed or time-of-use (TOU) prices for the optimal sizing of MGs, this work introduces real-time pricing (RTP) for implementing a demand response (DR) program according to the national grid prices of Iran. In addition to the long-term planning of MG, the day-ahead operation of MG is also analyzed to get a better understanding of the DR program for daily electricity dispatch. For this purpose, four different days corresponding to the four seasons are selected for further analysis. In addition, various impacts of the proposed DR program on the MG planning results, including sizing and best configuration, net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE), and emission generation by the utility grid, are investigated. The optimization results show that the implementation of the DR program has a positive impact on the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of MG. The NPC and COE are reduced by about USD 3700 and USD 0.0025/kWh, respectively. The component size is also reduced, resulting in a reduction in the initial cost. Carbon emissions are also reduced by 185 kg/year.

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Does a Diversified Crop Portfolio Make Farmers More Efficient? A Stochastic Production Frontier Analysis of Farm-level Data from Assam, India

International Journal of Rural Management ◽

10.1177/0973005221997580 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097300522199758

Author(s):

Raju Mandal ◽

Shrabanti Maity

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Northeast India ◽

Government Support ◽

Stochastic Production Frontier ◽

Production Frontier ◽

Frontier Analysis ◽

Farm Level ◽

Agriculture Sector ◽

Level Data ◽

Stochastic Production

The agriculture sector in India is beset with twin limitations of shrinking cultivable area and absence of major technological breakthroughs in the recent past. In such a situation, a judicious management of the farm in the form of adjustment in a crop portfolio can be quite useful to maximise output and minimise wastage of resources. This article seeks to examine whether a diversified crop portfolio makes the farmers more efficient using farm-level survey data collected from geographically diverse areas of Assam, a state in northeast India. The results of a stochastic production frontier analysis show that adoption of a diversified crop portfolio across crops and seasons makes the farmers more efficient in cultivation by helping them reduce weather-induced damages to crops and reap better returns from farming. This efficiency-enhancing effect of crop diversification is found to be heterogeneous among the regions. However, too much diversification reduces the efficiency of farmers. The results have important implications for Assam where floods cause extensive damage to crops every year. Moreover, access to extension services and government support are found to make the farmers more efficient. On the other hand, fixed-rent form of tenancy reduces efficiency of the farmers while household size has a positive impact on the same.

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Assessing Animal Welfare and Farm Profitability in Cow-Calf Operations with Stochastic Partial Budgeting

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 382

Author(s):

Haseeb Ahmed ◽

Karin Alvåsen ◽

Charlotte Berg ◽

Helena Hansson ◽

Jan Hultgren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Herd Size ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Government Support ◽

Farm Animal Welfare ◽

Partial Budgeting ◽

Cow Calf

The societal demand for good farm animal welfare (FAW) has increased over time. Yet, very little is known about the economic consequences of improvements in FAW in cow–calf operations. This study investigates on-farm economic consequences of improved FAW measures in cow–calf operations. It uses a stochastic partial budgeting approach to examine the relationship between contribution margins and improvements in FAW in terms of increased space allowance for a typical Swedish cow-calf operation, as compared to current practices. In the current practice, a cow should be given at least 5 m2 and the calf 2.2 m2. We found that a 0.5 m2 increase in space allowance per calf (achieved by a corresponding reduction of herd size) was associated with a 6.9 to 18.7% reduction in contribution margins in the short term. Our analysis does not include possible indirect gains like decrease in disease incidence and enhanced non-use or ‘soft’ values associated with increased FAW. However, our analysis indicates that high FAW standards can be costly and careful cost–benefit analysis should be a part of decision-making processes regarding FAW standards. Our results also suggest a need for government support payments and/or the development of market mechanisms to stimulate farmers to continue producing livestock-based foods with high FAW.

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Driving Mechanism of Farmers’ Utilization Behaviors of Straw Resources—An Empirical Study in Jilin Province, the Main Grain Producing Region in the Northeast Part of China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2506

Author(s):

Hongpeng Guo ◽

Shuang Xu ◽

Xiaotong Wang ◽

Wen Shu ◽

Jia Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Equation Model ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Jilin Province ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Driving Mechanism ◽

Perceived Behavior Control

In recent years, the unsustainable behaviors of straw utilization have led to waste straw being one of the sources of agricultural non-point source pollution. Studying the resource utilization of crop straw is conducive to expediate the development of ecological and green agriculture. More importantly, it has long-term significance for the recycling of agricultural waste, improving the quality of rural life, and the employment of farmers. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), taking the representative survey questionnaire of farmers in Jilin Province, China as the sample, the structural equation model (SEM) was constructed to study the main factors that drive the utilization behaviors of straw resources of farmers and to explore the driving mechanism of the farmers behaviors in Jilin Province. The results show that the behavioral attitude and subjective norms of farmers in Jilin Province not only indirectly affect their actual behaviors through behavioral willingness, but also has significant direct effects on their behaviors. The most critical factors that affect the willingness of farmers to utilize the straw resources in Jilin Province are subjective norms and moral responsibilities. The subjective norms of farmers have a direct and significant positive impact on their willingness and behaviors. Behavioral attitude and perceived behavior control have a significant positive impact on their willingness. The behavioral willingness has a significant positive impact on their actual behaviors. This study provides guidance for the utilization of straw resources policy implications.

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Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13031019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1019

Author(s):

Barbara Frączek ◽

Aleksandra Pięta ◽

Adrian Burda ◽

Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽

Florentyna Tyrała

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Paleolithic Diet ◽

Short Term ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

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The Effect of Multiple Large Shareholders on Banks’ Profitability and Risk

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13041888 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1888

Author(s):

Maria Gaia Soana ◽

Laura Barbieri ◽

Andrea Lippi ◽

Simone Rossi

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Commercial Banks ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Corporate Structure ◽

Academic Literature ◽

Large Shareholders ◽

Bank Ownership ◽

Institutional Shareholders

The wide-ranging academic literature on corporate governance in the banking sector includes only a few studies on bank ownership and, specifically, on the comparative power of shareholders within the corporate structure. This paper reports an investigation into the presence of multiple large shareholders and their influence on profitability and risk in the long-term, considering a sample of 697 U.S. and European listed commercial banks from 2008 to 2018. It was found that the number of large and institutional shareholders has a positive impact on profitability, but no effect on risk. However, long-term ownership by multiple large shareholders contributes to decreasing risk in banks.

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The Long-Term Impact of Different Offline Population Inclusion Strategies in Probability-Based Online Panels: Evidence From the German Internet Panel and the GESIS Panel

Social Science Computer Review ◽

10.1177/0894439320984131 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089443932098413

Author(s):

Carina Cornesse ◽

Ines Schaurer

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Alternative Mode ◽

Mail Surveys ◽

Internet Users ◽

Online Panels ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The Impact ◽

Postal Mail

While online panels offer numerous advantages, they are often criticized for excluding the offline population. Therefore, some probability-based online panels have developed offline population inclusion strategies. Two dominant approaches prevail: providing internet equipment and offering an alternative survey participation mode. We investigate the impact of these approaches on two probability-based online panels in Germany: the German Internet Panel, which provides members of the offline population with internet equipment, and the GESIS Panel, which offers members of the offline population to participate via postal mail surveys. In addition, we explore the impact of offering an alternative mode only to non-internet users versus also offering the alternative mode to internet users who are unwilling to provide survey data online. Albeit lower recruitment and/or panel wave participation probabilities among offliners than onliners, we find that including the offline population has a positive long-term impact on sample accuracy in both panels. In the GESIS Panel, the positive impact is particularly strong when offering the alternative participation mode to non-internet users and internet users who are unwilling to provide survey data online.

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