Investigation of the effect of a male singing model on kindergarten children’s use of singing voice achievement

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Rutkowski
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Female Teacher ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Female Model ◽  
Male Undergraduate ◽  
Male Teacher ◽  
Voice Development

Replicable singing models are important as children learn to use their singing voices. Previous research indicates that for elementary school-aged children a child model is most effective, then a female model, then a male falsetto model, then a male baritone model. In my work with preschool children in a more informal setting, I noticed that many of these children did not seem to have difficulties singing along with male undergraduate students. In a recent study I conducted, significant differences in male and female models were found, favouring the female model. However, gains in singing were not noted until the second half of the year and the male teacher was only part of instruction for the first half of the year. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a male singing model over an entire academic year of instruction on kindergarten children’s singing voice achievement. Kindergarten children (N=15, N=10) received informal music guidance once a week for 30‐40 minutes from October to May from a team of two music teachers, one female and one male. The teachers sang together during activities, but sometimes the female teacher would take the lead; other times the male teacher. The Singing Voice Development Measure (SVDM) was administered four times during the instructional period. For each test time, the female teacher administered the test with her voice as the singing model; on a different day the male teacher administered the test with his baritone voice as the singing model. Two raters evaluated the randomized recordings of the children’s singing; reliabilities were acceptable. A three-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction by time and model. The children’s scores, while quite high on the pretest, showed an increase over time for both models except for the final performances when singing with text with the female model; one of these performances appears to be an outlier.

scholarly journals Effect of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) on Reduction of Restive Behaviour among Enrolled in Counselling, Psychology and Sociology Education (CPSE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Dr. N. T. Egeni
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Counselling Psychology

The study investigated the effect of rational emotive behavioural therapy (REBT) on reduction of restive behaviour among undergraduate students. The need for the study came as a result of the increasing rate of restive behaviour of undergraduate students to which the researchers sought to find solutions. Pre-test-post-test randomized control trial experimental design was adopted by the researchers for the study. Sixty-four (54) counselling, psychology, and sociology education undergraduate students who were drawn through proportionate stratified random sampling technique constituted the sample for the study. The students were randomly assigned to experimental (29) and control (25) groups. Restive Assessment Scale for Students (RASS) and Reducing Restive Behaviour Scale (RRBS) were used for data collection. RASS and RRBS were properly validated by experts in test development and the internal consistency reliability indices of the items were estimated as 0.79 and 0.81 respectively using the Cronbach Alpha method. Before the commencement of the testing and treatment package, the researchers assured the participants of confidentiality of interactions and personal information as they work together in self-disclosure. Thereafter, a pre-treatment assessment (pre-test) was conducted using the RASS and RRBS in order to collect baseline data (Time 1). After that, the experimental group was exposed to 90 minutes of the REBT programme twice a week for a period of 6-weeks. The treatment took place between September and November 2019. Post-test (Time 2) assessment was conducted 1 week after the last treatment session. Besides, a follow-up assessment was conducted after two months of the treatment (Time 3). Data collected were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. The findings of the study revealed that the efficacy of rational emotive behavioural therapy on the reduction of restive behaviour among counselling, psychology, and sociology education undergraduate students was significant at post-test and follow-up measures. One of the implications of the findings is that if undergraduate students are not properly counselled, their restive behaviour will continue to increase. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that Federal Government or relevant education authorities should provide enough guidance counsellors in the various institutions of higher learning who will assist in the counselling of the students on the dangers of restive behaviour using REBT.

Sexually Degrading Music Videos and Lyrics

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L. Sprankle ◽  
Christian M. End ◽  
Miranda N. Bretz
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Rape Myths ◽  
Music Videos ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Sexual Stereotypes ◽  
Male Undergraduate ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sexually Degrading ◽  
Music Lyrics

Utilizing a 2 (lyrics: present or absent) × 2 (images: present or absent) design, this study examined the unique effects of sexually degrading music videos and music lyrics on males’ aggressive behavior toward women, as well as males’ endorsement of rape myths and sexual stereotypes. Under the guise of a media memory study, 187 male undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. Despite the many psychological theories predicting an effect, the presentation of sexually degrading content in a visual or auditory medium (or combination thereof) did not significantly alter the participants’ aggression and self-reported endorsement of rape myths and sexual stereotypes. The null findings challenge the many corporate and governmental restrictions placed on sexual content in the media over concern for harmful effects.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression among undergraduate students: gender and age differences

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ghaedi ◽  
Azlina Binti Mohd Kosnin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Undergraduate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Depressive disorders are the most typical disease affecting many different factors of humanity. University students may be at increased risk of depression owing to the pressure and stress they encounter. Therefore, the purpose of this study is comparing the level of depression among male and female athletes and non-athletes undergraduate student of private university in Esfahan, Iran. The participants in this research are composed of 400 male and female athletes as well as no-athletes Iranian undergraduate students. The Beck depression test (BDI) was employed to measure the degree of depression. T-test was used to evaluate the distinction between athletes and non-athletes at P≤0.05. The ANOVA was conducted to examine whether there was a relationship between level of depression among non-athletes and athletes. The result showed that the prevalence rate of depression among non-athlete male undergraduate students is significantly higher than that of athlete male students. The results also presented that level of depression among female students is much more frequent compared to males. This can be due to the fatigue and lack of energy that are more frequent among female in comparison to the male students. Physical activity was negatively related to the level of depression by severity among male and female undergraduate students. However, there is no distinct relationship between physical activity and level of depression according to the age of athlete and non-athlete male and female undergraduate students. This study has essential implications for clinical psychology due to the relationship between physical activity and prevalence of depression.

Occurrence of rating distortions and ratees’ fairness perceptions per raters’ mood and affect

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 726-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumrina Razzaq ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Iqbal ◽  
Malik Ikramullah ◽  
Jan-Willem van Prooijen
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fairness Perceptions ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Negotiation Performance ◽  
Fairness Theory ◽  
Affect Infusion Model ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the occurrence of rating distortions under raters’ different mood conditions and at different levels of interpersonal affect of raters towards ratees, and further its association with ratees’ perceptions of distributive and interpersonal fairness. Design/methodology/approach For the scenario-based experiment, the study recruited 110 undergraduate students as participants. Of them, 22 raters appraised the video-taped buyer-seller negotiation performance of 88 ratees. Repeated measures analysis was employed to analyse data. Findings Results revealed that under different mood conditions (pleasant and sad) and at different levels of interpersonal affect towards ratees (high and low), raters distorted ratings (inflated and deflated, respectively). These rating distortions shaped ratees fairness perceptions in such a way that ratees who received inflated ratings due to raters’ pleasant mood and high interpersonal affect perceived more distributive and interpersonal fairness than ratees who received deflated ratings due to raters’ sad mood and low interpersonal affect. Originality/value The paper is a step towards integrating the affect infusion model with distributive and interpersonal fairness theory. This integration can be of value for enhancing our understanding of how rater-centric rating errors take place, which subsequently shape ratees’ fairness perceptions.

Occurrence of Stalking Victimization Among Female and Male Undergraduate Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Myers ◽  
Deborah B. Nelson ◽  
Christine M. Forke
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Male Undergraduate ◽  
Stalking Victimization

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Portuguese Children's Use of Singing Voice and Singing Accuracy when Singing with Text and a Neutral Syllable

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-479
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Pereira ◽  
Helena Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Response Mode ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Pitch Range ◽  
Singing Accuracy ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Voice Development ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Portuguese children's use of singing voice and their singing accuracy on the pitches belonging to the Singing Voice Development Measure (SVDM) criterion patterns (Rutkowski, 2015), as well as the influence on singing with a neutral syllable or text on both variables. Children aged 4 to 9 (n = 137) were administered the SVDM individually and three raters evaluated recordings of the children's singing, both for the use of singing voice (i.e., effective use of pitch range and register) and singing accuracy. Prior to data analysis, the validity and reliability of the measure was examined and assured. A significant relationship was found between both variables. Favoring the neutral syllable, significant differences were found in response mode for singing accuracy, but not for use of singing voice, suggesting that the use of neutral syllable in classroom singing activities might be beneficial to improve accuracy. Older children and girls obtained higher scores for the use of singing voice and accuracy. Within a common pitch range, children with higher SVDM scores sang accurately a higher number of pitches, suggesting that expanding children's use of singing voice might also improve singing accuracy.

Research-to-Resource: Designing Singing Assessments for Classroom Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Bryan E. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Singing Accuracy ◽  
Summative Assessments ◽  
Voice Development ◽  
Music Classrooms ◽  
Classroom Use

Research has provided several scales for valid assessments of singing skills. Singing voice development and singing accuracy (tunefulness) are frequent objectives targeted by teachers in music classrooms. Teachers and directors may find established scoring systems useful for implementing formative or summative assessments. This research-to-resource article provides examples for teachers to use or adapt to promote and encourage singing growth.

Cognitive Style of Female University Students of Visual Art

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty D. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Male Undergraduate ◽  
Urban University ◽  
Measure Field

This study examined the cognitive style of 121 female and 84 male undergraduate students enrolled in 5 art courses (art education, fibers, sculpture, introductory and advanced art history) at an urban university. The Group Embedded Figures Test was administered to these students to measure field-independence or cognitive style. Students showed diversity of cognitive styles. Both female and male students scored in the mid-quartiles. Males over-all were slightly more field independent.

scholarly journals Academic Misconduct: An Investigation into Male Students’ Perceptions, Experiences & Attitudes towards Cheating and Plagiarism in a Middle Eastern University Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal M. Tayan
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Academic Misconduct ◽  
The Internet ◽  
First Year ◽  
Male Undergraduate ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The University

Academic misconduct in many educational institutions in the Middle East is an inherent problem. This has been particularly true amongst the university student population. The proliferation of the Internet and the ownership of mobile and electronic devices, have, in part, witnessed rates of cheating, plagiarism and academic misconduct cases steadily increase across higher education contexts. Though the growth of the Internet as an information source and gateway to knowledge has increased substantially in recent years, it has, however, opened up a plethora of varying forms and rates of academic dishonesty. This study was conducted through an online Likert scale questionnaire. Its purpose was to investigate first year male undergraduate students’ attitudes, experiences and perceptions towards plagiarism and cheating in a university located in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed at addressing themes in relation to the meaning, forms, source, frequency and reasons of cheating and plagiarism. The study indicates that cheating and plagiarism is common among students, while a need to address student awareness and clarify student expectations towards academic integrity was also identified. The study also proposes several recommendations to alleviate the levels of academic misconduct, be it cheating in exams or plagiarising content, in the Saudi university context.

Repeated Measures Battery for the Aged

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 852-856
Author(s):  
Richard H. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Basic Ability ◽  
Older Males ◽  
Total Test Time ◽  
Total Test

A battery of 29 reliable, valid and repeatable cognitive and psychomotor paper-and-pencil tests, with each test measuring a specific construct, was used to assess the performance of 48 older males and females. These subjects were divided into three separate age groups: 55–60, 65–70, and 75–80 years. In addition, a group of 16 men and women aged 25–35 served as a control group. This battery is divided into three sub-batteries (A, B and C) which were given on three separate weeks. The emphasis of this paper will be to describe the results of the nine tests contained in sub-battery C. Each test of a basic ability was analyzed separately across a total of five days and fifteen trials, with three trials being given each day. Total test time for each trial was approximately 35 minutes.

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