Treatment with methanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum (Linn.) leaf reversibly normalizes urine protein-creatinine ratio in Wistar rat model of gentamicin-induced kidney injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.O Olaleye ◽  
R.O Akomolafe ◽  
E.C Imafidon ◽  
D.J Ogundipe ◽  
S.O Olukiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum

scholarly journals Urinalysis and Urinary GGT-to-Urinary Creatinine Ratio in Dogs with Acute Pancreatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Gori ◽  
Alessio Pierini ◽  
Ilaria Lippi ◽  
Noemi Boffa ◽  
Francesca Perondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Negative Prognostic Factor

In acute pancreatitis (AP), kidney injury (KI) can occur. Urinalysis and some urinary biomarkers have been proposed as prognostic tools in human AP. The aim of the study was to evaluate urinalysis and urinary GGT-to-urinary creatinine (uGGT/uCr) in canine AP and their association with possible outcomes. AP diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory parameters, abnormal SNAP® cPL™ test and compatible imaging. Urinary KI (uKI) was defined if dogs had urinary casts and/or proteinuria. Dogs (n = 70) were divided in survivors and non-survivors according to the 15-day outcome. Data were analyzed using statistical software. Seventy dogs were retrospectively included, of which 24 dogs (34%) died. uKI was detected in 36 dogs (37%) which was associated with mortality (p = 0.01, Odds ratio (OR) 3.9, 95% CI 1.3–11.56). Non-survivors showed higher dipstick bilirubin levels than survivors (p = 0.0022). By excluding active sediments, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) ≥2 was associated with mortality (p = 0.001, OR 47.5, 95% CI 4–571.9). The uGGT/uCr was available in 40 dogs, although no association of this factor with any outcome was found. The UPC ≥2 can be a negative prognostic factor in canine AP and further studies on uGGT/uCr are warranted.

scholarly journals Detecting acute kidney injury in horses by measuring the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine in serum

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Siwinska ◽  
Agnieszka Zak ◽  
Urszula Paslawska
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Symmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nephrotoxic Drugs

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) in horses may develop as a complication of a primary disease or following the administration of nephrotoxic drugs, and may pose a diagnostic challenge. Hence, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations and diagnostic significance of serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and conventional renal dysfunction biomarkers in healthy horses, horses at risk of developing AKI, and horses with clinically evident AKI. A second aim was to assess how gastrointestinal disease and exposure to potentially nephrotoxic drugs affected SDMA levels. Thirty healthy horses, 30 horses with gastrointestinal disease and/or receiving phenylbutazone or gentamicin (risk group) and 11 horses with AKI were included in the study. Serum SDMA levels were measured using commercially available enzyme immunoassay tests. Results SDMA levels in healthy horses, horses at risk of AKI and horses with AKI were 12 µg/dL (11–14), 12 µg/dL (11–13) and 20 µg/dL (20–37), respectively (all results presented as a median (quartile 1–quartile 3)). There was a significant difference in SDMA concentration between the healthy horses and those with AKI, whereas the SDMA levels in healthy horses and those at risk of AKI were comparable. A SDMA cut-off value of 19 µg/dL was established. Horses from the risk group had higher urine protein concentration and urine protein to creatinine ratio compared with healthy horses. Furthermore, horses with colic from the risk group presented with elevated urine γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to creatinine ratio. Conclusion The SDMA cut-off value established in healthy horses was higher than previously reported. The SDMA level correlated with the azotaemia levels. Horses from the AKI risk group had normal SDMA levels but single urine parameters was abnormal indicating their higher sensitivity in assessing subclinical kidney dysfunction.

scholarly journals Alterations of Serum Biochemical and Urinary Parameters in a Canine Population before and after Intravenous Contrast Administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Federica Cagnasso ◽  
Barbara Bruno ◽  
Claudio Bellino ◽  
Antonio Borrelli ◽  
Ilaria Lippi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Intravenous Contrast ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Urinary Parameters

Intravenous iodinated contrast (IVIC) medium is routinely administered to dogs. Scattered information exists regarding the serum biochemical or urinary profiles associated with the administration of IVIC in dogs. The aim of the study was to describe, compare, and discuss from the perspective of previous studies the alterations in serum biochemical and urinary parameters before (T0) and within one week (T1) of the IVIC administration during routine computed tomography (CT) scan evaluation of 22 dogs. Mature dogs presenting for CT scan evaluation for preoperative oncology staging/surgical planning were included. T1 evaluation was performed within one week of IVIC administration. Statistically significant differences in serum total protein, albumin, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations, urine protein to creatinine ratio, and urine specific gravity were found between T1 and T0. At T1, the serum creatinine concentration was within reference ranges in all dogs but one. An increase in the urine protein to creatinine ratio was observed in four samples, one of which was non-proteinuric at T0. Changes in biochemistry and urine parameters between T0 and T1 were not considered clinically significant.

scholarly journals Kidney Injury Caused by Preeclamptic Pregnancy Recovers Postpartum in a Transgenic Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3762
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Kedziora ◽  
Kristin Kräker ◽  
Lajos Markó ◽  
Julia Binder ◽  
Meryam Sugulle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Transgenic Rat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After

Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by the onset of hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) and presence of proteinuria (>300 mg/L/24 h urine) or other maternal organ dysfunctions. During human PE, renal injuries have been observed. Some studies suggest that women with PE diagnosis have an increased risk to develop renal diseases later in life. However, in human studies PE as a single cause of this development cannot be investigated. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of PE on postpartum renal damage in an established transgenic PE rat model. Female rats harboring the human-angiotensinogen gene develop a preeclamptic phenotype after mating with male rats harboring the human-renin gene, but are normotensive before and after pregnancy. During pregnancy PE rats developed mild tubular and glomerular changes assessed by histologic analysis, increased gene expression of renal damage markers such as kidney injury marker 1 and connective-tissue growth factor, and albuminuria compared to female wild-type rats (WT). However, four weeks postpartum, most PE-related renal pathologies were absent, including albuminuria and elevated biomarker expression. Only mild enlargement of the glomerular tuft could be detected. Overall, the glomerular and tubular function were affected during pregnancy in the transgenic PE rat. However, almost all these pathologies observed during PE recovered postpartum.

scholarly journals SP074SERINE PROTEASE INHIBITION ATTENUATES SALT-SENSITIVE HYPERTENSION AND KIDNEY INJURY IN A RAT MODEL OF METABOLIC SYNDROME

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. i110-i110
Author(s):  
Yutaka Kakizoe ◽  
Teruhiko Mizumoto ◽  
Terumasa Nakagawa ◽  
Manabu Hayata ◽  
Yuichiro Izumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Protease Inhibition ◽  
Salt Sensitive Hypertension

scholarly journals The ratio and difference of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio and albumin-to-creatinine ratio facilitate risk prediction of all-cause mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ray Chang ◽  
Hung-Chieh Yeh ◽  
I-Wen Ting ◽  
Chen-Yuan Lin ◽  
Han-Chun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Practice ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Discriminative Performance ◽  
Prognostic Assessment ◽  
All Cause Mortality

AbstractThe role of the difference and ratio of albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, uACR) and proteinuria (urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, uPCR) has not been systematically evaluated with all-cause mortality. We retrospectively analyzed 2904 patients with concurrently measured uACR and uPCR from the same urine specimen in a tertiary hospital in Taiwan. The urinary albumin-to-protein ratio (uAPR) was derived by dividing uACR by uPCR, whereas urinary non-albumin protein (uNAP) was calculated by subtracting uACR from uPCR. Conventional severity categories of uACR and uPCR were also used to establish a concordance matrix and develop a corresponding risk matrix. The median age at enrollment was 58.6 years (interquartile range 45.4–70.8). During the 12,391 person-years of follow-up, 657 deaths occurred. For each doubling increase in uPCR, uACR, and uNAP, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of all-cause mortality were 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–1.35), 1.12 (1.09–1.16), and 1.41 (1.34–1.49), respectively. For each 10% increase in uAPR, it was 1.02 (95% CI 0.98–1.06). The linear dose–response association with all-cause mortality was only observed with uPCR and uNAP. The 3 × 3 risk matrices revealed that patients with severe proteinuria and normal albuminuria had the highest risk of all-cause mortality (aHR 5.25, 95% CI 1.88, 14.63). uNAP significantly improved the discriminative performance compared to that of uPCR (c statistics: 0.834 vs. 0.828, p-value = 0.032). Our study findings advocate for simultaneous measurements of uPCR and uACR in daily practice to derive uAPR and uNAP, which can provide a better mortality prognostic assessment.

scholarly journals POS0681 VOCLOSPORIN FOR LUPUS NEPHRITIS: INTERIM ANALYSIS OF THE AURORA 2 EXTENSION STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 585.2-586
Author(s):  
A. Saxena ◽  
P. Mina-Osorio ◽  
C. Mela ◽  
V. Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Extension Study ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Change In Mean

Background:Voclosporin, a novel calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), has been tested successfully in two pivotal trials in adult patients with lupus nephritis.Previously reported results from the Phase 3 AURORA 1 study and the Phase 2 AURA-LV study showed that compared with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and low-dose steroids alone, the addition of voclosporin significantly increased the renal response rate and reduced proteinuria, as measured by urine protein creatinine ratio (UPCR), in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) at approximately one year of treatment (48 weeks in AURA-LV and 52 weeks in AURORA 1).Objectives:Patients that completed one year of treatment in the AURORA 1 study were eligible to enroll into the two-year, blinded, controlled extension study, AURORA 2. Here we report the first interim analysis of the ongoing AURORA 2 study.Methods:Patients completing AURORA 1 were eligible to continue the same randomized treatment of voclosporin (23.7 mg BID) or placebo, in combination with MMF (1 g BID) and low-dose oral steroids in the AURORA 2 extension. This interim analysis evaluated UPCR and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with up to two years of total treatment: one year from AURORA 1 and up to one year in AURORA 2.Results:116 patients in the voclosporin arm and 100 patients in the control arm enrolled in the extension study, of which 73 patients in the voclosporin arm and 51 patients in the control arm had received two years of treatment at the time of this interim analysis. Mean UPCR at pre-treatment (AURORA 1) baseline was 3.94 mg/mg in the voclosporin arm (n=116) and 3.87 mg/mg in the control arm (n=100). The LS mean change in UPCR from pre-treatment baseline to year two was -3.1 mg/mg for the voclosporin arm (n=73) and -2.1 mg/mg for control arm (n=51; Table 1). Mean eGFR at pre-treatment (AURORA 1) baseline was 79.6 mL/min for the voclosporin arm (n=116) and 78.9 mL/min for the control arm (n=100) and at year two, was 79.0 mL/min for the voclosporin arm (n=73) and 82.9 mL/min for the control arm (n=51). There was a small early decrease in mean eGFR in the first four weeks of treatment (in AURORA 1) after which eGFR remained stable throughout year one and year two. Additionally, there were no unexpected new AEs observed in patients who continued with voclosporin treatment compared to control-treated patients for more than one year.Table 1.UPCRControl (n=100)Voclosporin (n=116)Treatment Comparison of Voclosporin to ControlnUPCR (mg/mg)nUPCR (mg/mg)UPCR (mg/mg)p-valuePre-treatment baseline, mean1003.871163.94NCNCChange from pre-treatment baseline, LS mean Year 1100-2.4116-3.0-0.60.0080 Year 251-2.173-3.1-1.00.0004LS, least squares; NC, not calculated; UPCR, urine protein creatinine ratio.Mixed effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis of LS mean change from pre-treatment baseline for UPCR included terms for baseline covariate, treatment, visit and treatment by visit interaction. Integrated results include data from pre-treatment baseline of AURORA 1, the one-year treatment period in AURORA 1 and up to a one-year treatment period in AURORA 2.Conclusion:Patients in the voclosporin treatment arm maintained meaningful reductions in proteinuria with no change in mean eGFR at two years of treatment. Additional AURORA 2 efficacy and safety data will be provided at the conclusion of the study.Disclosure of Interests:Amit Saxena: None declared, Paola Mina-Osorio Shareholder of: Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc., Employee of: Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc., Christopher Mela Shareholder of: Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc., Employee of: Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc., Vanessa Berardi Shareholder of: Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc., Employee of: Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc.

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