Efficacy and safety of ethanolic Curcuma longa extract as a treatment for sand tampan ticks in a rabbit model

Background and Aim: The soft tick Ornithodoros savignyi is distributed throughout Africa, including Egypt. It primarily attacks camels, cattle, donkeys, and cows; and rarely affects humans. This study evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of ethanolic Curcuma longa extract (Turmeric) on the second nymphs of O. savignyi and then investigated the safety of this herb in rabbits. Materials and Methods: The nymphs were immersed in 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625 mg/ml ethanolic C. longa extract. An additional group was immersed in ethanol as a control. On the 1st, 7th, and 15th-day post-treatment, the mortality percentages, LC50 and LC95 were calculated. The ticks exposed to 10 mg/ml ethanol C. longa extract were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three male New Zealand White rabbits were orally administered 2 ml (two doses) of 10 mg/ml ethanolic C. longa extract, and another three rabbits were orally given two doses of 2 ml of absolute ethanol as a negative control. Histopathological examination of the kidney and liver hematology and the kidney and liver function was performed. Chemical analysis of the extract was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The LC50 and LC95 were 1.31 and 15.07, 1.07 and 8.56, and 0.81 and 6.97 mg/ml on the 1st, 7th, and 15th day, respectively. SEM revealed that mamillae and spots on the surfaces of the treated ticks were not discriminating except for some clefts on the surfaces. The histological examination, blood profile, and biochemical analyses revealed no significant differences between the treated and untreated rabbits (p>0.05). GC/MS analysis revealed 50 compounds, and curcumene and t umerone were found to be the major constituents of this ethanolic extract. Conclusion: The ethanolic C. longa extract produced a strong acaricidal effect on the second nymph of O. savignyi, and it was safe to use in rabbits.

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Malacca leaf ethanolic extract (Phyllanthus emblica) as a hepatoprotector of the liver of mice (Mus musculus) infected with Plasmodium berghei

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.1457-1461 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1457-1461

Author(s):

Nuzul Asmilia ◽

Dwinna Aliza ◽

Yudha Fahrimal ◽

Mahdi Abrar ◽

Sulaiman Ashary

Keyword(s):

Liver Damage ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Phyllanthus Emblica ◽

Hydropic Degeneration

Background and Aim: Although existing research confirms the antiparasitic effect of the Malacca plant against Plasmodium, its effect on the liver, one of the target organs of Plasmodium has not been investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the potential of the ethanolic extract of Malacca (Phyllanthus emblica) leaves in preventing liver damage in mice (Mus musculus) caused by Plasmodium berghei infection. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using the livers of 18 mice fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. A completely randomized design with a unidirectional pattern comprising six treatments was used in this study, with each treatment consisting of three replications. Treatment 0 was the negative control group infected with P. berghei, treatment 1 was the positive control group infected with P. berghei followed by chloroquine administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW, and treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5 were groups infected with P. berghei and administered Malacca leaf ethanolic extracts at doses of 100, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg BW, respectively. The extracts were administered orally using a gastric tube for 4 consecutive days. Mice were sacrificed on the 7th day and livers were collected for histopathological examination. Results: Histopathological examination of the livers of mice infected with P. berghei demonstrated the presence of hemosiderin, hydropic degeneration, fat degeneration, necrosis, and megalocytosis. However, all these histopathological changes were reduced in the livers of P. berghei-infected mice treated with various doses of Malacca leaf ethanolic extract. The differences between the treatments were found be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Malacca leaves has the potential to protect against liver damage in mice infected with P. berghei. The dose of 600 mg/kg BW was found to be the most effective compared with the doses of 100, 300, and 1200 mg/kg BW.

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Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma Longa on Cardiac Biomarkers of Doxorubicin-Induced Rats

Majalah Kedokteran Bandung ◽

10.15395/mkb.v52n4.2121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Lydia Ernawati Rahayu ◽

Linda Chiuman ◽

Chrismis Novalinda Ginting ◽

Sahna Ferdinand Ginting

Keyword(s):

Curcuma Longa ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Chemical Exposure ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Cardiac Biomarkers ◽

Male Rats ◽

Cardiac Damage ◽

Positive Treatment

Cardiotoxicity is a condition where damages caused by toxic chemical exposure are observed in heart and blood vessels. Doxorubicin is the most common chemotherapy agents for various types of cancer therapy. However, doxorubicin is converted into doxorubicinol known to trigger cardiac disfunctions and release of several cardiac biomarkers, such as CK-MB and LDH. Turmeric is known to be an alternative medical treatment that has the effect of neutralizing oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate CK-MB and LDH levels in doxorubicin-induced rats (20 mg/kgbw) that received turmeric ethanolic extract from curcuma. This was an experimental study conducted in February 2020 in the Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Sumatera Utara. The rats were divided into six group and each group consisted of wistar albino male rats. The groups were normal (CMC-Na), positive control (Vitamin E 1% + Dox 20 mg/kgbw), negative control (Dox 20 mg/kgbw), treatment I (EEC 100 mg/kgbw + Dox 20 mg/kgbw), treatment II (EEC 300 mg/kgbw + Dox 20 mg/kgbw), and treatment III (EEC 500 mg/kgbw + Dox 15 mg/kgbw). Doxorubicin was given 5 mg/kg BW once a week for four weeks. Results showed that the groups that received 100 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW of turmeric ethanol extract demonstrated a reducing effect on the biomarkers of cardiac damage, i.e. CK-MB and LDH. Statistically, serum CK-MB and LDH levels at dose 500 mg/kg BW showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) with the normal and positive treatment group. In conclusion, turmeric has a cardioprotective effect.

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Determination of Antioxidant Activities and Bioactive Components of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Samonsabar)

Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.34299/mhsrj.00917 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 16-22

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Molecular Formula ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare

World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 80% of the population of developing countries use traditional medicines, mostly natural plant products, for their primary health care needs. In the past few decades, the medicinal value of plants has been assumed more important dimension owing largely to the discovery that extracts from plants contain not only primary metabolites but also a diverse array of secondary metabolites with antioxidant potential. Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural compounds with biological activities and therefore attract the attention of researchers worldwide. Antioxidants are vital substances which possess ability to protect the body from damage due to free radical-induced oxidative stress. The purpose of current study was to determine the antioxidant activities and bioactive components of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) (Samonsabar) seeds by using UV Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Aqueous extract of fennel seeds showed more antioxidant activity (IC50: 0.28 ug/ml) than ethanolic extract (IC50: 0.83 ug/ml) and comparable to standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid (IC50: 0.59 ug/ml). GC-MS analysis was fruitful in identification of compounds based on peak area, retention time, molecular formula, molecular weight, MS Fragmentions and pharmacological actions. Ten bioactive phytochemical compounds from aqueous extracts and 11 from ethanolic extract of fennel seeds were identified. These findings indicated that fennel seeds are potential to provide preventive properties against oxidative damage. These results will give scientific information for quality control of indigenous drug to herbal medicine users and local practitioners using fennel for different types of ailments

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Gastrointestinal Protective Effect of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz) Willd Leaf Extract Against Indomethacin and HCl-EtOH Induced Ulcers

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083804666181012124047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 140-146

Author(s):

Shweta Jain ◽

Sourabh Jain ◽

Nagendra S. Chauhan ◽

Ankur Vaidya

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Negative Control ◽

Gastric Epithelium ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Western India ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Ulcer Index ◽

Digestive Disorders ◽

North Western

Background: Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. (Rhamnaceae) is a straggling shrub or a small tree, armed with spines, found throughout north western India, Pakistan and China. Methods: The aerial and root barks, leaves and fruits of Zizyphus species are used in medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as weakness, liver complaints, obesity, diabetes, skin infections, fever, diarrhea, insomnia and digestive disorders. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz) Willd was prepared by solvent extraction and subjected to study the protective effect against Indomethacin and HCl-EtOH induced ulcer using Ranitidine (100 mg/kg) and Omeprazole (8 mg/kg) as standard respectively. Results: Histopathological lesions with marked disorientation of the gastric epithelium was observed in negative control, while extract treated rats showed a better protected mucosa with intact epithelium in comparison to standard treated rats. Ulcer index and percentage ulcer protection also represent protecting effects of the extract. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Z. xylopyrus (Retz) Willd leaves extract was found to be significantly protective against gastric ulcers.

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Development of Triamcinolone Acetonide-Loaded Microemulsion as a Prospective Ophthalmic Delivery System for Treatment of Uveitis: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13040444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 444

Author(s):

Alaa Mahran ◽

Sayed Ismail ◽

Ayat A. Allam

Keyword(s):

Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽

Delivery System ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Subconjunctival Injection ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽

Ophthalmic Delivery

Treatment of uveitis (i.e., inflammation of the uvea) is challenging due to lack of convenient ophthalmic dosage forms. This work is aimed to determine the efficiency of triamcinolone acetonide (TA)-loaded microemulsion as an ophthalmic delivery system for the treatment of uveitis. Water titration method was used to construct different pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. Twelve microemulsion formulations were prepared using oleic acid, Cremophor EL, and propylene glycol. Among all tested formulations, Formulation F3, composed of oil: surfactant-co-surfactant (1:1): water (15:35:50% w/w, respectively), was found to be stable and showed acceptable pH, viscosity, conductivity, droplet size (211 ± 1.4 nm), and zeta potential (−25 ± 1.7 mV) and almost complete in vitro drug release within 24 h. The in vivo performance of the optimized formulation was evaluated in experimentally uveitis-induced rabbit model and compared with a commercial TA suspension (i.e., Kenacort®-A) either topically or by subconjunctival injection. Ocular inflammation was evaluated by clinical examination, white blood cell count, protein content measurement, and histopathological examination. The developed TA-loaded microemulsion showed superior therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of uveitis with high patient compliance compared to commercial suspension. Hence, it could be considered as a potential ocular treatment option in controlling of uveitis.

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Evaluation of Aqueous Creams Containing Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) as Bioactive Ingredient for the Management of Wounds

International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology ◽

10.26502/ijabpt.202103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Kenneth Chinedu Ugoeze ◽

Majiroghene Uyoyoumaero Okpa ◽

Nkemakolam Nwachukwu ◽

Bruno Chukwuemeka Chinko ◽

Kennedy Emeka Oluigbo

Keyword(s):

Curcuma Longa ◽

Ethanolic Extract

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Solvent Extraction and GC-MS Analysis of Sesame Seeds for Determination of Bioactive Antioxidant Fatty Acid/Fatty Oil Components

Drug Research ◽

10.1055/s-0043-123466 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (06) ◽

pp. 344-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abdul Qadir ◽

Athar Ali ◽

Muhammad Arif ◽

Abdulmohsen Al-Rohaimi ◽

Satya Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Sesame Seeds ◽

Fatty Oil ◽

Oleoyl Chloride

AbstractThe seed kernels of Sesamum indicum L. (family: Pedaliaceae) were extracted with ethanol and yield of components determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The free radical scavenging activities of ethanolic extract against1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were determined by UV spectrophotometer at 517 nm. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds including steroids, phenolic, terpenoids, fatty acids and different types of ester compounds. The ethanolic extract was purified and analyzed by GC MS.The prevailing compounds found in ethanolic extract were Carvacrol (0.04%),Sesamol (0.11%), 4-Allyl-2-methoxy-phenol(0.04%),Palmitic acid (1.08%), cis-9-Hexadecenal (85.40%), Lineoleoyl chloride (0.52%), Palmitic acid β-monoglyceride (0.40%), Dihydro-aplotaxene (0.61%), Oleoyl chloride (1.11%), (+)-Sesamin (4.73%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)tetrahydro-1 H,3 H-furo [3,4-c]furan-1-yl], [1 S-(1,3,4,6α.), (2.01%)], 6-Nitrocholest-5-en-3-yl acetate (0.22%), Ergost-5-en-3β-ol (2.35%) and 24-Propylidenecholesterol (0.16%). The presence ofsaturated and unsaturated fatty acids in ethanolicextract justifies the use of this plant to treat many ailments in folk and traditional medicine. Ethanolic extract have shown significant antioxidant activity(IC50120.38±2.8 µg/ml). The presence of phenolic (Sesamol), lignin (Sesamin) compounds and unsaturated fatty acids are reported as possible contributor for antioxidantactivity of seed extract.

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Multi Floral Honey Has a Protective Effect against Mammary Cancer Induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in Sprague Dawley Rats

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n2p196 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 196 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hamed R. Takruri ◽

Maha S. Shomaf ◽

Saida F. Shnaigat

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Mammary Cancer ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Light Cycle ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Dark Light

This research was conducted to study the protective effect of bee honey on the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)- induced breast cancer in rat model. The study consisted of three groups: honey group, positive control group (PC), and negative control group (NC) to which the carcinogen was not administered. All rats were fed the diet recommended by the American Institute of Nutrition for growing rats (AIN-93G), with addition of honey (50 g/kg diet) to the honey group. All Rats were fed their diets ad libitum on 12 hours dark/light cycle. At the age of 50 days all rats in the honey and PC groups were gavaged once by the carcinogen DMBA with a dose of 80 mg/kg body Wt. After three weeks of carcinogen administration, rats were palpated weekly to detect any tumor growth. After 18 weeks, all rats were sacrificed. The palpable structures and the mammary glands along with associated lymph nodes were removed and fixed in saline formalin and prepared for histopathological examination. The results revealed that the honey group diet significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the incidence rate of mammary cancer, palpable tumor multiplicity, tumor size and weight compared to the PC group. In conclusion, multi floral honey has a protective effect against DMBA- induced mammary cancer in the initiation, promotion, and progression stages of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis. However, further research is needed to reveal the mechanisms that might have contributed to the preventive effect of honey against mammary cancer.

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Histopathological and Radiographical Evaluation of Caprine Demineralized Bone Matrix in a Critical Ulnar Defect in a Rabbit Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-853202/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olawale Alimi Alimi ◽

Adamu Abdul Abuabakar ◽

Abubakar Sadiq Yakubu ◽

Sani Abdullahi Shehu ◽

Salman Zubairu Abdulkadir

Keyword(s):

Bone Defect ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Negative Control ◽

Autogenous Bone ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Defect Sites ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Demineralized Bone

Abstract Background: Caprine species satisfy the conditions of an ideal donor animal when compared to bovine species that has been extensively studied and commercialized for bone xenograft. Histopathological and radiological evaluations of caprine demineralized bone matrix (CDBM) were therefore carried out for fracture healing properties for its possible use in bone grafting procedures. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rabbits were used for this study and were divided randomly into three groups of eight (n=8) rabbits each. Critical bone defect was created on the ulnar diaphysis under xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia for autogenous bone graft (ABG) group, CDBM group and the last group was left unfilled as negative control (NC). Immediate post-grafting radiograph was taken and repeated on days 14, 28, 42 and 56 to monitor the evidence of radiographic healing. The animals were euthanized on day 56 and defect sites were harvested for histopathology. Results: There was a progressive evidence of radiographic healing and bone formation in all the groups with significance difference (P=0.0064). When compared with ABG, NC differ significantly (P<0.0001) whereas the CDBM did not differ significantly (P=0.6765). The histopathology sections of ABG and CDBM showed normal bone tissue while the NC section was predominated by fibrous connective tissue. There was therefore an overall significant difference (P=0.0001) in which CDBM did not differ from ABG (P=0.2946) while NC did (P=0.0005). Conclusion: The ABG and CDBM groups showed a similar healing effect in the critical bone defect. Therefore, CDBM could be used as an effective alternative to ABG in orthopaedics to circumvent the limitations and complications associated with it. Level of Evidence: Not applicable.

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Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of ethanolic extract and fraction of alkaloids from bark of Aspidosperma nitidum in mice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97637-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heliton Patrick Cordovil Brígido ◽

Everton Luiz Pompeu Varela ◽

Antônio Rafael Quadros Gomes ◽

Mirian Letícia Carmo Bastos ◽

Andre de Oliveira Feitosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Control Groups ◽

Clinical Evaluations ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Alkaloid Fraction ◽

Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽

Clinical Changes ◽

Negative Controls

AbstractThis study investigated the acute and subacute toxicity of the ethanolic extract (EE) and alkaloid fraction (FA) from A. nitidum. The EE was obtained from trunk bark with ethanol, FA was obtained from the fractionation of EE. To test the acute toxicity, mice were divided into four groups, and the negative controls received water or aqueous solution of dimethyl sulfoxide, whereas the others received EE or FA (2000 mg/kg, orally, single dose). The same controls were used in the subacute trial. However, the animals were treated for 28 days, and the dose used was 1000 mg/kg per day of EE and FA. Daily clinical evaluations of the animals were performed. At the end of the experiment, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological assessments (liver, lung, heart, and kidney) were performed. In the acute and subacute toxicity studies, mice treated with EE and FA did not show any clinical changes, there were no changes in weight gain, hematological and biochemical parameters compared to the control groups (p > 0.05). In the histopathological examination, there was no abnormality in the organs of the treated animals. Therefore, EE and FA did not produce toxic effects in mice after acute and subacute treatment.

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