scholarly journals Effect of exposure to different light colors on embryonic development and neurophysiological traits in the chick embryo

2021 ◽  
pp. 1284-1289
Author(s):  
S. M. Abdulateef ◽  
M. A. Al-Bayar ◽  
A. A. Majid ◽  
S. S. Shawkat ◽  
A. Tatar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Broiler Chick ◽  
The Impact

Background and Aim: Many environmental factors exist that influence embryonic development which is missing in the poultry industry, such as light in incubation facilities or hatcheries. Light plays an important role in the growth and development of chick embryos, whereas dark environments can lead to hatching failure or embryo distortion. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate the importance of light and its various colors on the growth and development of broiler chick embryos. Materials and Methods: Four treatments were used to study the impact of various light colors on the growth of embryos and their neurophysiological traits: Dark without light (D), red light (RL), blue light (BL), and green light (GL), with three replicates per treatment (25 eggs/replicate) for a total of 300 fertile Ross 308 eggs. Each treatment was assigned to one incubator (75 eggs/incubator), whereas all other conditions were kept the same. Results: The results showed a significant increase (p<0.01) in embryonic development for embryo weight, chick body weight, hatchability, and embryo index for RL, BL, and especially GL. RL, BL, and especially GL significantly increased (p<0.01) neurophysiological traits of the neurons, brain weight, and brain index. Conclusion: The use of light during the embryonic period affects the development of the embryo and its neurophysiological traits.

scholarly journals Subsidies and Countervailing Measures: Challenges in International Trade Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Agus Supriyo ◽  
Satria Unggul Wicaksana Prakasa
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Global Era ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gatt 1994

In the global era with all demands and expectations for a better economic condition in a country that an international trade is needed. Fair competition can be carried out in competition between business actors and commodity (goods or services) in overseas with business actors and commodity (goods or services) in country. One form of creating justice in international trade competition is by providing subsidies. The issue of subsidies created the problems and disputes. The problem formulations of this research were: (1) how are the effects of subsidies and countervailing in international trade regulations? (2) how is the case analysis related to subsidies and countervailing measures according to the provisions of the GATT 1994, The SCM Agreement and other legal provisions? The results showed that (1) the effect of subsidies and countervailing measures based on their types (red light, yellow light, green light) in international trade regulations had provided clear provisions as well as the impact and limitations in implementing these provisions in accordance with the provisions. GATT 1994 and The SCM Agreement. (2) The several cases described regarding subsidies that were not allowed because they created injustice that the subsidies were only carried out in an emergency situation and their nature rescued them from an economic crisis.

scholarly journals The impact of electronic devices on the physical growth and development of modern youth and recommendations on their safe use

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Milushkina ◽  
N.A. Skoblina ◽  
S.V. Markelova ◽  
A.A. Tatarinchik ◽  
E.P. Melikhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High School Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
The Impact

The impact of excessive exposure to electronic devices (ED) on youth health remains understudied. There is a pressing need to develop recommendations for the safe use of stationary and mobile ED aimed at minimizing health risks. In this work, we assess the effect of ED on the physical growth and development of high-school and university students and provide recommendations for preventing the negative impact of prolonged screen time on health. The study recruited 460 high-school and 598 university students. Standard anthropometric measurements were taken. The psychological and emotional state of the participants was evaluated using the Test Anxiety Inventory by Spielberg (modified by Khanin). To estimate daily and weekly exposure to ED the participants were asked to fill out standardized questionnaires. In high school students, the average screen time was 7 h a day; in university students, 8.5 to 10 h a day. Only 60% of the participants, regardless of their place of residence or the type of educational institution they were attending, were physically healthy. We conclude that prolonged and frequent exposure to ED is one of the factors that can interfere with normal physical growth and development in youth. Regular daily use of stationary ED increases the risk of developing body weight deficit by 24% and gaining excess body weight by 10%. We recommend that students should eliminate computers, laptops and stationary ED from their daily activities for at least one day at the weekend and reduce total screen time to 3 hours a day.

The developmental endocrinology of the spleen in chick embryos

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
T. W. Betz
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Pars Distalis ◽  
Liver Growth ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Pars Nervosa ◽  
Splenic White Pulp ◽  
Red Pulp

Partial decapitation (‘hypophysectomy’) of the chick embryo significantly reduces body growth by 20 days (stage 46 −) of incubation as indicated by body weights, 60% of normal; the lengths of the toe and tibiotarsus, 80% and 78% of normal respectively; and liver growth, 47% of normal, but the gall bladder was not apparently enlarged. It significantly increases spleen growth to 82 % greater than normal, suppresses or retards white pulp differentiation and splenic vasculogenesis but enhances red pulp development. A single pars distalis gland placed as a chorioallantoic graft into operated embryos prevents the development of these defects except for liver growth which, while improved, is still subnormal. If the number of grafts is increased by one or two there is no change in the amount of influence on growth and development of the chick embryo. This apparent regulation occurs by some unknown mechanism even in the absence of the hypothalamus. Thus body and liver growth is normally stimulated by the pars distalis but spleen growth and red pulp differentiation are suppressed even though the gland stimulates splenic white pulp histogenesis. The hypothalamus, epiphysis and pars nervosa (removed by partial decapitation) are not apparently involved in the developmental endocrinology of the spleen in chick embryos.

The Development of the Notochord in Chick Embryos

Development ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-621
Author(s):  
A. Jurand
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Structure Characteristic ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Larval Skeleton

The literature on the notochord, a structure characteristic of all vertebrates, is very extensive, due to the phylogenetic importance of this organ, its role in early embryonic development, and its central position in the developing vertebral column. As early as 1834 the notochord tissue was described by Müller as being similar in appearance to the parenchyma of plants. Surprisingly, however, in the chick embryo, which is so widely used by embryologists, its development has not very often been the subject of descriptive or experimental investigations. From the early days most work on this fundamental organ was done on fish and amphibians, probably because the notochord in lower vertebrates is more suitable for investigations, as it persists longer, carrying out its function as an embryonic and larval skeleton.

Does County Form of Government Impact Economic Growth and Development Trends? The Case of Four States

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Pink-Harper
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Impact

Counties have expanded the scope of their activities in the economic development process. However, limited research exists of the factors that influence economic growth and development trends of these unique communities. The primary focus of this case study analysis is to determine whether form of government has an impact on county economic growth and development trends while controlling for environmental context and demographic characteristics in Alabama, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Washington. To empirically test the impact that county form of government and environmental factors have on local economic growth and development trends, ordinary least squares regression is used. The results of this study show that form of government has only a marginal impact on county economic growth and development trends. County environmental factors are found to have a more substantive impact on the economic growth and development trends of counties across these four states.

scholarly journals Misexpression of BRE gene in the developing chick neural tube affects neurulation and somitogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiao-Yu Wang ◽  
Manli Chuai ◽  
John Yeuk-Hon Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Early Chick Embryo

This is the first study of the role of BRE in embryonic development using early chick embryos. BRE is expressed in the developing neural tube, neural crest cells, and somites. BRE thus plays an important role in regulating neurogenesis and indirectly somitogenesis during early chick embryo development.

scholarly journals Ex Ovo Model for Directly Visualizing Chick Embryo Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Dorrell ◽  
Michael Marcacci ◽  
Stephen Bravo ◽  
Troy Kurz ◽  
Jacob Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Junior High Students ◽  
Chick Development

We describe a technique for removing and growing chick embryos in culture that utilizes relatively inexpensive materials and requires little space. It can be readily performed in class by university, high school, or junior high students, and teachers of any grade level should be able to set it up for their students. Students will be able to directly observe the chick’s development from 3 days post-fertilization to the point at which it would normally hatch. Observing embryonic development first hand, including the chick embryos’ natural movements, gives students a full appreciation for the complexity and wonder of development. Students can make detailed observations and drawings, and gain understanding of important principles in developmental biology. Finally, we suggest various ways in which this project can be adapted to allow students in advanced classes to design and implement their own projects for investigating teratogenic effects on development using the ex ovo model of chick development.

scholarly journals The influence of environmental factors and heavy metals in the soil on plants’ growth and development

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 03014
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Alexandra Vanghele ◽  
Mirabela Augustina Pruteanu ◽  
Ancuţa Alexandra Petre ◽  
Andreea Matache ◽  
Dumitru Bogdan Mihalache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vegetable Seedlings

Plants need certain conditions that represent their living environment. When the living environment provides the conditions required by the plant, it will grow and develop properly. The growth and development of plants involve environmental factors, which represent those constituent elements of the natural environment, which actively intervene in plants’ life. The present work shows the characteristics of an agricultural soil, contaminated with heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) in different concentrations, which has been divided into pots, in which were thereafter planted vegetable seedlings (tomatoes, cucumbers, parsley, spinach, carrots, radishes). During the plants’ growing time, the temperature and humidity of the air inside the greenhouse, as well as the humidity and pH of the soil, were monitored. The growth and the development of the plants under certain conditions were also tracked, until the end of the growing period. The results of monitoring the plants’ growth and development are important in assessing the impact of the contamination over the soil and the plants.

scholarly journals ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРЕПАРАТУ «Е-СЕЛЕН» У ПРОЦЕСІ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ МОЛОДНЯКУ НОРОК СКАНДИНАВСЬКОГО ТИПУ СЕЛЕКЦІЇ

2014 ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
Н. В. Яремич
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Impact

Наведено результати досліджень рівня впливупрепарату «Е-селен» на динаміку живої маси молод-няку норок скандинавської селекції. Визначено впливрізних схем використання препарату «Е-селен» наінтенсивність росту і розвитку молодняку. Молоднякнорок, яким препарат «Е-селен» вводився в дозі0,04 мг/кг живої маси, краще набирав вагу й перева-жав ровесників контрольної групи в 180-денному віціна 53 грами. Встановлено вірогідну частку впливуселеновмісного препарату «Е-селен» (ηx2=0,10–0,24, p<0,01–0,001) на динаміку живої маси молоднякунорок у віці 60–120 днів. The results of the studies of the impact of selenium preparation "E-Selenium" the dynamics of the live weight of young mink Scandinavian selection. Identified the differences in intensity of growth and development of young animals at various circuits using the preparation "E-selenium." Young mink, which the preparation "E-selenium" was introduced at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight, gaining weight and better exceeded peers in the control group at 180 days of age in '53. Established probable share of influence of selenium preparation "E-selenium» (ηx2 = 0,10-0,24, p <0,01-0,001) on the dynamics of live weight of young minks aged 60-120 days.

scholarly journals Validation of stable reference genes in Staphylococcus aureus to study gene expression under photodynamic treatment: a case study of SEB virulence factor analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Ogonowska ◽  
Joanna Nakonieczna
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Photodynamic Treatment ◽  
Study Gene Expression ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), encoded by the seb gene, is a virulence factor produced by Staphylococcus aureus that is involved mainly in food poisoning and is known to act as an aggravating factor in patients with atopic dermatitis. Research results in animal infection models support the concept that superantigens, including SEB contribute to sepsis and skin and soft tissue infections. In contrast to antibiotics, antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) is a promising method to combat both bacterial cells and virulence factors. The main aims of this research were to (1) select the most stable reference genes under sublethal aPDI treatments and (2) evaluate the impact of aPDI on seb. Two aPDI combinations were applied under sublethal conditions: rose bengal (RB) and green light (λmax = 515 nm) and new methylene blue (NMB) and red light (λmax = 632 nm). The stability of ten candidate reference genes (16S rRNA, fabD, ftsZ, gmk, gyrB, proC, pyk, rho, rpoB and tpiA) was evaluated upon aPDI using four software packages—BestKeeper, geNorm, NormFinder and RefFinder. Statistical analyses ranked ftsZ and gmk (RB + green light) and ftsZ, proC, and fabD (NMB + red light) as the most stable reference genes upon photodynamic treatment. Our studies showed downregulation of seb under both aPDI conditions, suggesting that aPDI could decrease the level of virulence factors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document