scholarly journals The first report of seroprevalence of Q fever in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Phatthalung, Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 2574-2578
Author(s):  
Kamchai Kidsin ◽  
Decha Panjai ◽  
Sumalee Boonmar
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background and Aim: Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the intracellular bacterium, Coxiella burnetii. A few studies focused on the occurrence of Q fever infection in water buffaloes in Thailand have been conducted; however, little is known regarding the seroprevalence of C. burnetii antibodies in buffaloes. In the present study, we describe the prevalence of Q fever infection in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Phatthalung, Thailand. Materials and Methods: A total of 421 samples (156 blood, 156 sera, and 109 ectoparasites [lice]) were collected from 156 water buffaloes from 29 farms of the Phatthalung Province from January 22, 2021, to March 26, 2021. The blood and ectoparasite samples were screened for C. burnetii DNA using a polymerase chain reaction assay and the sera were tested for C. burnetii antibody using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results: C. burnetii DNA was not detected in blood or ectoparasites; however, the seroprevalence of individual water buffaloes was 4.49% (95% CI: 2.19-8.99%), whereas that of the herd was 13.79%. There was a significant difference between abortion history and Q fever infection at 29 farms (p=0.005; OR=33.55 [95%CI: 156-722.38]). Conclusion: This is the first report describing the low seroprevalence of C. burnetii antibodies in water buffaloes in Phatthalung Province, Thailand. The occurrence of this pathogen in buffaloes with reproductive disorders and people working with buffaloes warrant further investigation. Animal health authorities should inform farmers to effectively prevent and control this zoonosis.

scholarly journals The first report of the seroprevalence of antibodies against Bartonella spp. in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from South Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 3144-3148
Author(s):  
Sumalee Boonmar ◽  
Phirabhat Saengsawang ◽  
Watcharapong Mitsuwan ◽  
Decha Panjai ◽  
Kamchai Kidsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Ectoparasite Infestation

Background and Aim: Bartonellosis is an emerging worldwide zoonosis caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Bartonella. Several studies have been conducted on the prevalence of Bartonella infections from animals and humans, including reports from wild and domestic ruminants. However, there has been only one report of Bartonella infection in water buffaloes from the northeastern part of Thailand. Moreover, the seroprevalence of Bartonella spp. in water buffaloes still remains unknown. This study was conducted to explore the prevalence of Bartonella spp. among water buffaloes from South Thailand using molecular and serological techniques. Materials and Methods: A total of 312 samples (156 blood and 156 sera) of 156 water buffaloes from 29 farms in Phatthalung Province, South Thailand, were collected from January to March 2021. All samples were screened for Bartonella spp. using polymerase chain reaction and indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results: The seroprevalence of antibodies against three Bartonella spp. was 16.03% (25/156, 95% confidence interval: 10.65-22.74%), and among 25 water buffaloes with seroprevalence, 56%, 20%, and 24% were positive for antibodies against Bartonella henselae, Bartonella vinsonii subspp. berkhoffii, and Bartonella tamiae, respectively. No significant difference was detected among seroprevalence, gender, age, and ectoparasite infestation. Conclusion: This is the first report of the seroprevalence of antibodies against B. henselae, B. vinsonii subspp. berkhoffii, and B. tamiae in water buffaloes from South Thailand. Further studies are required on the epidemiology of Bartonella infection among water buffaloes, related personnel, and ectoparasites.

First report of Nosomma monstrosum ticks infesting Asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Pakistan 

2022 ◽  
pp. 101899
Author(s):  
Ome Aiman ◽  
Shafi Ullah ◽  
Lidia Chitimia-Dobler ◽  
Ard M. Nijhof ◽  
Abid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Asian Water

scholarly journals TREX1 531C>T Polymorphism is Associated with High Proviral Load Levels in HTLV-1-Infected Persons

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis de Castro Silva ◽  
Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras ◽  
Tuane Carolina Ferreira Moura ◽  
Felipe Teixeira Lopes ◽  
Samara Tatielle Monteiro Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Proviral Load ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Retroviral Infections ◽  
And Control

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) deregulates the immune system and cell cycle, resulting in loss of immune tolerance and disease, including HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) maintains innate immune tolerance of the host and host-cell permissiveness to retroviral infections. TREX1 polymorphisms may influence the course of infection and autoimmune manifestations. The influence of TREX1 531C/T polymorphism was investigated in HTLV-1 infection and development of symptoms among 151 persons infected with HTLV-1 (32 HAM/TSP, 19 rheumatologic manifestations, two dermatitis, five more than one diagnosis, two probable HAM/TSP, and 91 asymptomatic individuals) and 100 uninfected persons in the control group. Polymorphism genotyping and proviral load quantification were performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) were screened by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. No statistically significant difference was found in polymorphism genotype and allele frequencies between the infected and control groups. HAM/TSP patients showed higher frequency of TT genotype than asymptomatic persons (p = 0.0339). Proviral load was significantly higher among individuals with CT/TT genotypes and CC genotype carriers had lower proviral load and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines. ANAs were present only in the HAM/TSP group. TREX1 531C>T polymorphism seems to be associated with TREX-1 regulation and HTLV-1 infection.

Prevalence of Eimeria Species in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Egypt and First Report of Eimeria bareillyi Oocysts

10.1645/19-58 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. El-Alfy ◽  
I. E. Abbas ◽  
Y. Al-Kappany ◽  
M. Al-Araby ◽  
S. A. Abu-Elwafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Besnoitia besnoiti Infections in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Ciuca ◽  
Giuliano Borriello ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Luigi D’Andrea ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Besnoitia Besnoiti ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens

One hundred twenty-four water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) originating from 9 farms located in southern Italy were tested to investigate simultaneously, for the first time, the seroprevalence of the protozoa Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Besnoitia besnoiti by ELISA tests and to evaluate the clinical findings potentially associated to the presence of these aborting parasitic pathogens. Twenty-five of 124 buffaloes (20.2%) were positive for N. caninum, while 17/124 (13.7%) for T. gondii. No buffalo showed specific antibodies for B. besnoiti. Nineteen of 124 animals (15.3%) were found seropositive for both T. gondii and N. caninum. The univariate statistical analysis showed that the seroprevalence of N. caninum is significantly associated with abortion and presence of retained foetal membranes, while the seroprevalence of T. gondii is significantly associated with an increase of days open. The logistic regression models showed that the co-infection by N. caninum and T. gondii strengthened the abortive effects (OR = 7.330) and showed further negative effects on the parameter embryonic death (OR = 2.607). The outcome revealed herein represents a high exposure of N. caninum and T. gondii in water buffaloes with reproduction disorders that deserves attention for both economic reasons, animal health and welfare.

Viral infections shared between water buffaloes and small ruminants in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110271
Author(s):  
Julia Lechmann ◽  
Mathias Ackermann ◽  
Vanessa Kaiser ◽  
Claudia Bachofen
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Exotic Animals

Importation of exotic animals that may harbor infectious agents poses risks for native species with potentially severe impacts on animal health and animal production. Although the Asian water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) population in Europe is steadily increasing, its susceptibility to viral infections and its role for interspecies transmission is largely unknown. To identify viral infections that are shared between exotic water buffaloes and native small ruminants, we collected blood samples from 3 Swiss farms on which water buffaloes were kept either without, or together with, sheep or goats. These samples were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) as well as by selected conventional tests, including PCR, ELISA, and in some cases a virus neutralization test. By NGS, a novel virus of the genus Gemykrogvirus (GyKV; Genomoviridae) was first detected in the buffaloes on one farm, and subsequently confirmed by PCR, and was also detected in the co-housed sheep. In contrast, this virus was not detected in buffaloes on the farms without sheep. Moreover, conventional methods identified a number of viral infections that were not shared between the exotic and the native animals, and provided evidence for potential roles of water buffaloes in the epidemiology of ruminant pestiviruses, especially bovine viral diarrhea virus, bluetongue virus, and possibly bovine alphaherpesvirus 2. Our results clearly indicate that water buffaloes are susceptible to interspecies viral transmission and may act as intermediate hosts, or even as reservoirs, for these viruses.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Microbial Shedding in Market Pigs during Fasting and the Influence of Alginate Hydrogel Bead Supplementation during Transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-898
Author(s):  
Mariana Fernandez ◽  
Arlene Garcia ◽  
David A. Vargas ◽  
Alexandra Calle
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Hydrogel Bead ◽  
Hydrogel Beads ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
And Control

The shedding of foodborne pathogenic bacteria by food-animals can be affected by multiple factors, such as animal health, diet, stress, and environmental conditions. The practices that come with transport involve fasting, handling, mixing with unfamiliar pigs, and fluctuating temperatures. These practices, especially fasting and transport, can increase the microbial load in the feces of animals. The use of alginate hydrogels is a novel delivery system that can be a potential food safety intervention during transport to induce satiety and provide electrolytes to the animal’s system. This study sought to observe microbial shedding as affected by fasting and hydrogel bead supplementation during transport. Sixty market pigs were subjected to a 12 h fasting period and an additional 4 h transport period, in which a treatment group was fed hydrogel beads and a control group was not. Sampling points were before fast (BF), before transport (BT), and after transport (AT). Fecal samples were collected from every animal at each sampling point. Results from this study showed a significant increase in the concentrations of both Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli between the before fast (BF) and after transport (AT) sampling points. However, no difference (p > 0.05) was found between the treatment (hydrogel) and control (no hydrogel) during transport. Moreover, no significant difference was found in the prevalence of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 at the three different sampling points, or between the treatment and control groups.

scholarly journals REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS CAUSED BY Toxoplasma gondii IN SHEEP

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Ntonio Ribeiro Consalter ◽  
Andressa Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Adriana Costa da Motta ◽  
Ana Maria Reis Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
And Control

Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan, intracellular, obligatory parasite protozoan of importance to public and animal health. In sheep, this species is a causative agent of reproductive disorders. The main sign produced by T. gondii infection in this species is abortion, which causes economic losses to sheep ranching. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the abortion outbreaks and reproductive disorders caused by T. gondii infection in sheep, also addressing aspects of biology, diagnosis, prevention and control of the parasite.

296 FREQUENT RECTAL PALPATIONS FOLLOWING SUPEROVULATORY TREATMENT AFFECT SEX RATIO OF EMBRYOS RECOVERED FROM HOLSTEIN HEIFERS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
A. Ideta ◽  
K. Hayama ◽  
M. Urakawa ◽  
Y. Aoyagi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
And Control

Skewing the sex ratio of offspring towards males or females is very important for the livestock industry. Many factors, such as maternal stress, have been suggested to affect the sex ratio (Pratt NC et al. 1989 J. Reprod. Fertil. 87, 763–769). In a recent study (Ideta A et al. 2007 J. Reprod. Dev. doi:10.1262/JRD.19035), the proportion of female embryos recovered from superovulated heifers in which ovulation patterns were observed by repeated transrectal ultrasonography tended to be higher than the expected ratio of 50:50 (66.7%, 26/39). To investigate this phenomenon, we repeated the experiment using a larger number of Holstein heifers. The superovulatory treatment began in the midluteal phase of the estrous cycle (days 8 to 10) and consisted of eight decreasing doses of FSH i.m. (total of 28 Armour units, Antrin R-10, Kawasaki-Mitaka, Kanagawa, Japan) for 4 days with treatment twice daily. Doses of 5 mL and 3 mL of a PGF2α analogue (Veterinary Pronalgon F Injection containing 5 mg mL–1 Dinoprost, Pfizer Animal Health, Tokyo, Japan) were administered i.m. to the animals along with the seventh and eighth FSH treatment, respectively. The heifers were divided into two groups. One group, the rectal palpation (RP) group (n = 9), received transrectal ultrasonography with rectal palpation at 4-h intervals from 36 to 76 h after the first PGF2α treatment. The other group, the Control group (n = 8) received no treatment. The heifers were artificially inseminated at 56 and 72 h after the first PGF2α treatment using frozen–thawed semen from one bull. Seven-day embryos were recovered nonsurgically. Grade 1 to 3 embryos (IETS classification) were selected for this study. Male and female embryos were separated using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification procedure (Hirayama H et al. 2004 Theriogenology 62, 887–896). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square test. The mean number of recovered ova and embryos was 15.7 � 3.8 (RP) and 14.4 � 2.2 (Control). There was no significant difference in the percentages of unfertilized ova (RP; 14.9 %, 21/141 and Control; 11.3% 13/115, P > 0.05), grade 1 embryos (RP; 51.1%, 72/141 and Control; 54.8%, 63/115, P > 0.05) and grade 1 to 3 embryos (RP; 65.2%, 92/141 and Control; 69.6%, 80/115, P > 0.05) between the two groups. The proportion of female grade 1 embryos in the RP group (66.7%, 48/72) was significantly higher than the expected ratio of 50:50 (P < 0.01). The female ratio of grade 1 embryos in the Control group was 50.8% (32/63). Furthermore, the proportion of female grade 1 to 3 embryos in the RP groups (66.3%, 61/92) was significantly higher than the expected ratio of 50:50 (P < 0.005). The female ratio of grade 1 to 3 embryos in the Control group was 51.3% (41/80). Results indicate that frequent ultrasound examinations and rectal palpations following superovulatory treatment may skew the sex ratio of embryos towards females in Holstein heifers.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Asante ◽  
Ayman Noreddin ◽  
Mohamed El Zowalaty
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
One Health ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
And Control

Zoonoses present a major public health threat and are estimated to account for a substantial part of the infectious disease burden in low-income countries. The severity of zoonotic diseases is compounded by factors such as poverty, living in close contact with livestock and wildlife, immunosuppression as well as coinfection with other diseases. The interconnections between humans, animals and the environment are essential to understand the spread and subsequent containment of zoonoses. We searched three scientific databases for articles relevant to the epidemiology of bacterial zoonoses/zoonotic bacterial pathogens, including disease prevalence and control measures in humans and multiple animal species, in various African countries within the period from 2008 to 2018. The review identified 1966 articles, of which 58 studies in 29 countries met the quality criteria for data extraction. The prevalence of brucellosis, leptospirosis, Q fever ranged from 0–40%, 1.1–24% and 0.9–28.2%, respectively, depending on geographical location and even higher in suspected outbreak cases. Risk factors for human zoonotic infection included exposure to livestock and animal slaughters. Dietary factors linked with seropositivity were found to include consumption of raw milk and locally fermented milk products. It was found that zoonoses such as leptospirosis, brucellosis, Q fever and rickettsiosis among others are frequently under/misdiagnosed in febrile patients seeking treatment at healthcare centres, leading to overdiagnoses of more familiar febrile conditions such as malaria and typhoid fever. The interactions at the human–animal interface contribute substantially to zoonotic infections. Seroprevalence of the various zoonoses varies by geographic location and species. There is a need to build laboratory capacity and effective surveillance processes for timely and effective detection and control of zoonoses in Africa. A multifaceted ‘One Health’ approach to tackle zoonoses is critical in the fight against zoonotic diseases. The impacts of zoonoses include: (1) Humans are always in contact with animals including livestock and zoonoses are causing serious life-threatening infections in humans. Almost 75% of the recent major global disease outbreaks have a zoonotic origin. (2) Zoonoses are a global health challenge represented either by well-known or newly emerging zoonotic diseases. (3) Zoonoses are caused by all-known cellular (bacteria, fungi and parasites) and noncellular (viruses or prions) pathogens. (4) There are limited data on zoonotic diseases from Africa. The fact that human health and animal health are inextricably linked, global coordinated and well-established interdisciplinary research efforts are essential to successfully fight and reduce the health burden due to zoonoses. This critically requires integrated data from both humans and animals on zoonotic diseases.

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