scholarly journals LIST OF MARINE ISOPODS RECORDED FROM INDONESIAN WATERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conni Margaretha Sidabalok
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Polluted Waters ◽  
Potential Use

A list of marine isopods recorded from Indonesia has been compiled from the literature published between 1857 and 2012 as well as from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense’s collections and current expeditions. To date, 225 marine species from 97 genera and 19 families have been recorded from Indonesia with two parasitic families Cymothoidae and Bopyridae showing the largest number of species: 63 and 41, respectively. As for the sampling sites, waters surrounding Java, Maluku and Sulawesi have been investigated most intensively with 55, 51, and 40records, respectively. The most comprehensive publication of marine isopods in Indonesia has been that by Nierstrasz (1931). In terms of role as bioindicators, Sphaeroma and Dynamenella have been discovered to survive in polluted waters in Jakarta Bay, suggesting their potential use as bioindicators of water pollution. Future research on basic taxonomy of isopods in Indonesia as well as their ecological functions are recommended.

scholarly journals The Bioactive Potential of Trawl Discard: Case Study from a Crinoid Bed Off Blanes (North-Western Mediterranean)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Alfredo García-de-Vinuesa ◽  
Montserrat Demestre ◽  
Arnau Carreño ◽  
Josep Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trawl Survey ◽  
Bioactive Potential

Although knowledge of the bioactive compounds produced by species inhabiting coastal waters is increasing, little is known about the bioactive potential produced by marine species occupying deeper habitats with high biodiversity and productivity. Here, we investigate about the bioactive potential of molecules produced by species that inhabit the crinoid beds, a poorly known essential fish habitat affected by trawling, wherein large amounts of commercial and noncommercial species are discarded. Based on a trawl survey conducted in 2019, 14% of the 64 species discarded on crinoid beds produce molecules with some type of bioactive potential, including; soft corals (Alcyonium palmatum); tunicates (Ascidia mentula); bony fish, such as horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus); European hake (Merluccius merluccius); and chondrichthyans, such as small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). In addition, 16% of the discarded species had congeneric species that produce compounds with bioactive potential, indicating that such species might also possess similar types of bioactive molecules. Molecules with antioxidant, antitumour, antihypertensive, and antibacterial properties were the most frequent, which could provide the basis for future research aiming to discover new marine-based drugs and compounds for other human uses. Among all species or genera that produce compounds with bioactive potential, 68% presented medium or high vulnerability to trawling. Results show that the discarded catch contains many species, which produce different bioactive compounds that represent an added-value resource. These results highlight the importance of manage properly crinoid beds, to ensure that species that produce molecules with bioactive potential inhabiting these habitats are protected.

The ageing process

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avan Aihie Sayer ◽  
Cyrus Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Method ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diet Restriction ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Human Ageing ◽  
Ageing Populations

Ageing may be simply defined but is yet to be well understood. Research in this area is considered a priority, with the population growing older and increasing disability, morbidity and mortality predicted. There are many theories and ageing has been described from changes at the molecular level to characteristics of ageing populations. However, distinguishing cause from effect has proved problematic largely because the underlying reasons for ageing have not been understood. Progress has now been made and the central role for repair processes is increasingly accepted. A number of approaches to modifying ageing have been explored but the only reliable method to alter the rate remains diet restriction. Instituted after weaning, diet restriction slows ageing in a number of species and has an opposite effect when started in earlier life. There is now preliminary evidence that poor early growth is associated with increased human ageing and this is an important area for future research.

scholarly journals Trigona branneri (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as a Collector of Honeydew from Aethalion reticulatum (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) on Bauhinia forficata (Fabaceae: Caesalpinoideae) in a Brazilian Savanna

Sociobiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudryan Baronio ◽  
Ana Carolina Vieira Pires ◽  
Camila Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Bauhinia Forficata

The presence of aggregates of A. reticulatum on Bauhinia has been reported, but the insects were mainly attended by ants of the genus Camponotus, and stingless bees were not regularly recorded in aggregations. We observed a colony of thetreehopper A. reticulatum and stingless bees, Trigona branneri, interacting on Bauhinia forficata (Fabaceae). Agonistic behavior was observed in bees when another individual of the same species or ants approached. Although this is not proof that the interaction between stingless bees and treehoppers is mutualistic, the interactions between ants and this insect are common and mutualistic. Thus, if T. branneri effectively provides protection for the aphids, a new mutualism can be the focus of future research to determine if the bee-aphid interactions have same ecological functions as the ant-aphid interactions.

Enzyme inhibitors of microbial origin

1980 ◽  
Vol 290 (1040) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Porcine Pancreas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Microbial Origin ◽  
Irreversible Inhibitors ◽  
Antibiotic Agents ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
New Metabolites

The screening for enzyme inhibitors of microbial origin in the past decades has been a prosperous area to find new metabolites that are of potential importance as therapeutic or antibiotic agents. This review attempts a survey of recent achievements in this type of screening. Special emphasis is given to enzyme inhibitors and screening systems in fields where industry has a main interest in development. This includes some notes on the improved methodology for the detection of reversible and irreversible inhibitors of β-lactamases and the presentation of a unique inhibitor of α-amylase from porcine pancreas isolated from a strain of Streptomyces tendae . This inhibitor (HOE 467) may be of potential use in the treatment of diabetic conditions, obesity and adipositas. The results show that the screening for enzyme inhibitors from microorganisms still provides one of the central challenges for future research.

Robots and Autism Spectrum Disorder

2016 ◽  
pp. 905-924
Author(s):  
Amie Senland
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Technological Intervention ◽  
Educational Applications ◽  
Potential Use

Technology featuring robots is a promising innovative technological intervention for treating and educating children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This chapter reviews, critiques, and presents future directions for research on clinical and educational applications of robots for these children. Specifically, this chapter reviews current research on: (1) robots that act as social mediators for children with ASD and (2) robots that assist them in developing social skills such as joint attention and imitation. A critical review of the research suggests that robots may have the capacity to assist some of these children, but additional rigorous studies are necessary to demonstrate their efficacy and effectiveness. Future research must (1) examine whether robots have differential effects for specific subgroups of children with ASD and (2) contribute to a deeper understanding of robots' potential use in educational settings.

scholarly journals The Biodiversity of Water Mites That Prey on and Parasitize Mosquitoes

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Adrian A. Vasquez ◽  
Bana A. Kabalan ◽  
Jeffrey L. Ram ◽  
Carol J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Parasitic Mite ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
Parasitic Interactions ◽  
Mite Predator

Water mites form one of the most biodiverse groups within the aquatic arachnid class. These freshwater macroinvertebrates are predators and parasites of the equally diverse nematocerous Dipterans, such as mosquitoes, and water mites are believed to have diversified as a result of these predatory and parasitic relationships. Through these two major biotic interactions, water mites have been found to greatly impact a variety of mosquito species. Although these predatory and parasitic interactions are important in aquatic ecology, very little is known about the diversity of water mites that interact with mosquitoes. In this paper, we review and update the past literature on the predatory and parasitic mite–mosquito relationships, update past records, discuss the biogeographic range of these interactions, and add our own recent findings on this topic conducted in habitats around the Laurentian Great Lakes. The possible impact on human health, along with the importance of water mite predator–prey dynamics in aquatic food webs, motivates an increase in future research on this aquatic predator and parasite and may reveal novel ecological functions that these parasitic and predator–prey relationships mediate.

scholarly journals Sweet Immunity: The Effect of Exogenous Fructans on the Susceptibility of Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) to Venturia inaequalis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anze Svara ◽  
Łukasz Paweł Tarkowski ◽  
Henry Christopher Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Evelien Deleye ◽  
Jarl Vaerten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leaf Ontogeny ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Potential Use

There is an urgent need for novel, efficient and environmentally friendly strategies to control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), for the purpose of reducing overall pesticide use. Fructans are recently emerging as promising “priming” compounds, standing out for their safety and low production costs. The objective of this work was to test a fructan-triggered defense in the leaves of apple seedlings. It was demonstrated that exogenous leaf spraying can reduce the development of apple scab disease symptoms. When evaluated macroscopically and by V. inaequalis-specific qPCR, levan-treated leaves showed a significant reduction of sporulation and V. inaequalis DNA in comparison to mock- and inulin-treated leaves, comparable to the levels in fosetyl-aluminum-treated leaves. Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction of in vitro mycelial growth of V. inaequalis on plates supplemented with levans when compared to controls, indicating a direct inhibition of fungal growth. Variations in endogenous sugar contents in the leaves were followed during priming and subsequent infection, revealing complex dynamics as a function of time and leaf ontogeny. Our data are discussed in view of the present theories on sugar signaling and fructan-based immunity, identifying areas for future research and highlighting the potential use of fructans in apple scab management in orchards.

scholarly journals Can thiol compounds be used as biomarkers of aquatic ecosystem contamination by cadmium?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Kovářová ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Potential Use

Can thiol compounds be used as biomarkers of aquatic ecosystem contamination by cadmium?Due to anthropogenic activities, heavy metals still represent a threat for various trophic levels. If aquatic animals are exposed to heavy metals we can obviously observe considerable toxicity. It is well known that an organism affected by cadmium (Cd) synthesize low molecular mass thiol compounds rich in cysteine (Cys), such as metallothioneins (MT) and glutathione (GSH/GSSG). The aim of this study was to summarize the effect of Cd on level of thiol compounds in aquatic organisms, and evaluate that the concentrations of thiol compounds are effective indicators of Cd water pollution and explain their potential use in biomonitoring applications.

Endocrine disruption in marine fish

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2249-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Matthiessen
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Top Predators

This topic reviews the whole field of endocrine disruption (ED) in marine fish and compares this with our knowledge of the situation in freshwater species. In broad terms, similar types of ED have been observed in the two groups, although effects in the marine environment tend to be less marked, presumably due to dispersion and dilution. There are, however, some data which suggest that marine fish that are top-predators can experience ED due to biomagnification of organochlorines. Processes such as smoltification, metamorphosis, and hermaphroditism, which are common in some marine species, may be particularly susceptible to ED, but have as yet been scarcely studied. As with freshwater fish, firm links to population-level effects have not yet been demonstrated, although it is not unreasonable to suppose that they are occurring in some locations. The topic concludes with some recommendations for future research.

Status of the utilization of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana) in the pulp and paper industry

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2078-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwei-Nam Law ◽  
Jacques L. Valade
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Although jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), which represents 20% of the total softwood volume, is one of the most abundant commercial softwood species in Canada, its rate of utilization in pulping is surprisingly low. This paper reviews the literature concerning the physical and chemical properties as well as the pulping characteristics of this species by mechanical, thermomechanical, chemithermomechanical, chemimechanical, and chemical processes to better understand its potential use in papermaking. The objective is to identify the problems related to the use of jack pine so that solutions might be sought to promote its usage. Some recommendations are put forth concerning future research.

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