RATTAN DIVERSITY AND BROAD EDAPHIC NICHES IN A TROPICAL RAINFOREST OF BUTON, SULAWESI, INDONESIA

PRITCHETT, R., PHILLIPS, A., MARDIASTUTI, A. & POWLING, A. 2016. Rattan diversity and broad edaphic niches in a tropical rainforest of Buton, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 15(2): 99 – 110. — This paper attempts to answer the question: how can at least 20 species of rattan palms in the genus Calamus (family Palmae (Arecaceae)) co -exist in a rainforest? A survey of rattans was made in Lambusango Forest on Buton, an island close to south east Sulawesi, in Indonesia. Rattan species and numbers were recorded in 87 quadrats of 30 × 10 m, laid out along linear transects in habitats with a variety of soils. Evidence for edaphic (soil) niches was sought. Different rattan species were found to be adapted to soils with different conductivity and pH values. Standardised mean difference (d) scores were calculated for pairs of species based on their response to soil pH. Of the 66 pairs tested, 61 were found to be significantly different statistically. Such differences suggest, but do not prove, that many species occupy different edaphic niches. It was found that species which show a preference for soils with intermediate pH values (5.0 to 6.5) can grow in soils with a wide range of pH values, implying broad edaphic niches and that competition between these species is weak. Correspondence analysis shows that many species do not distinguish greatly between many soils with intermediate pH values. It is concluded that rattan species show evidence for having different edaphic niches, although the niches for many species are broad. It is speculated that many rattan species may be ecologically equivalent and that a weak version of ecological neutrality theory may apply.

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Nitrogen Removal from Anaerobically-Treated Leachate

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1984.008 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 87-100

Author(s):

D. Prasad ◽

J.G. Henry ◽

P. Elefsiniotis

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Air Flow ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Air Flow Rate ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Anaerobic Filter ◽

Ph Values ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ammonia Desorption ◽

Effects Of Ph

Abstract Laboratory studies were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of diffused aeration for the removal of ammonia from the effluent of an anaerobic filter treating leachate. The effects of pH, temperature and air flow on the process were studied. The coefficient of desorption of ammonia, KD for the anaerobic filter effluent (TKN 75 mg/L with NH3-N 88%) was determined at pH values of 9, 10 and 11, temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 30 and 35°C, and air flow rates of 50, 120, and 190 cm3/sec/L. Results indicated that nitrogen removal from the effluent of anaerobic filters by ammonia desorption was feasible. Removals exceeding 90% were obtained with 8 hours aeration at pH of 10, a temperature of 20°C, and an air flow rate of 190 cm3/sec/L. Ammonia desorption coefficients, KD, determined at other temperatures and air flow rates can be used to predict ammonia removals under a wide range of operating conditions.

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A Comprehensive Review on C-3 Functionalization of β-Lactams

Current Organic Synthesis ◽

10.2174/1570179415666181116103341 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 3-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Reshma Nagpal ◽

Jitender Bhalla ◽

Shamsher S. Bari

Keyword(s):

Scientific Community ◽

Organometallic Reagent ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Wide Range ◽

Economic Strategies ◽

Synthetic Utility ◽

Recent Advancement ◽

Equivalent Method ◽

Made In

Background:A lot of advancement has been made in the area of β-lactams in recent times. Most of the research is targeted towards the synthesis of novel β-lactams, their functionalization and exploring their biological potential. The C-3 functionalization of β-lactams has continued to attract considerable interest of the scientific community due to their utility as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis and their therapeutic applications. This has led to the significant increase in efforts towards developing efficient and economic strategies for C-3 functionalized β-lactams.Objective:The present review aims to highlight recent advancement made in C-3 functionalization of β-lactams.Conclusion:To summarize, functionalization of β-lactams at C-3 is an essential aspect of β-lactam chemistry in order to improve/modify its synthetic utility as well as biological potential. The C-3 carbocation equivalent method has emerged as an important and convenient strategy for C-3 functionalization of β-lactam heterocycles which provides a wide range of β-lactams viz. 3-alkylated β-lactams, 3-aryl/heteroarylated β-lactams, 3- alkoxylated β-lactams. On the other hand, base mediated functionalization of β-lactams via carbanion intermediate is another useful approach but their scope is limited by the requirement of stringent reaction conditions. In addition to this, organometallic reagent mediated α-alkylation of 3-halo/3-keto-β-lactams also emerged as interesting methods for the synthesis of functionalized β-lactams having good yields and diastereoselectivities.

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Multiplexed Genetic Analysis Using an Expanded Genetic Alphabet

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2004.034330 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

pp. 2019-2027 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Scott C Johnson ◽

David J Marshall ◽

Gerda Harms ◽

Christie M Miller ◽

Christopher B Sherrill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newborn Screening ◽

Cftr Gene ◽

Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽

Transmembrane Conductance ◽

Genetic Tests ◽

Wide Range ◽

Additional Base ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane ◽

Made In

Abstract Background: All states require some kind of testing for newborns, but the policies are far from standardized. In some states, newborn screening may include genetic tests for a wide range of targets, but the costs and complexities of the newer genetic tests inhibit expansion of newborn screening. We describe the development and technical evaluation of a multiplex platform that may foster increased newborn genetic screening. Methods: MultiCode® PLx involves three major steps: PCR, target-specific extension, and liquid chip decoding. Each step is performed in the same reaction vessel, and the test is completed in ∼3 h. For site-specific labeling and room-temperature decoding, we use an additional base pair constructed from isoguanosine and isocytidine. We used the method to test for mutations within the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The developed test was performed manually and by automated liquid handling. Initially, 225 samples with a range of genotypes were tested retrospectively with the method. A prospective study used samples from >400 newborns. Results: In the retrospective study, 99.1% of samples were correctly genotyped with no incorrect calls made. In the perspective study, 95% of the samples were correctly genotyped for all targets, and there were no incorrect calls. Conclusions: The unique genetic multiplexing platform was successfully able to test for 31 targets within the CFTR gene and provides accurate genotype assignments in a clinical setting.

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Hybrid Acrylated Chitosan and Thiolated Pectin Cross-Linked Hydrogels with Tunable Properties

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13020266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 266

Author(s):

Shaked Eliyahu ◽

Alexandra Galitsky ◽

Esther Ritov ◽

Havazelet Bianco-Peled

Keyword(s):

Electrostatic Interactions ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Hybrid Hydrogel ◽

Texture Profile ◽

Ph Values ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Wide Range ◽

Michael Type Addition ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Hydrogel System

We developed and characterized a new hydrogel system based on the physical and chemical interactions of pectin partially modified with thiol groups and chitosan modified with acrylate end groups. Gelation occurred at high pectin thiol ratios, indicating that a low acrylated chitosan concentration in the hydrogel had a profound effect on the cross-linking. Turbidity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and free thiol determination analyses were performed to determine the relationships of the different bonds inside the gel. At low pH values below the pKa of chitosan, more electrostatic interactions were formed between opposite charges, but at high pH values, the Michael-type addition reaction between acrylate and thiol took place, creating harder hydrogels. Swelling experiments and Young’s modulus measurements were performed to study the structure and properties of the resultant hydrogels. The nanostructure was examined using small-angle X-ray scattering. The texture profile analysis showed a unique property of hydrogel adhesiveness. By implementing changes in the preparation procedure, we controlled the hydrogel properties. This hybrid hydrogel system can be a good candidate for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as a mucosal biomimetic surface for mucoadhesive testing.

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Bulk Relativistic Motion in a Complete Sample of Radio Selected AGN

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s007418090015524x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 287-293

Author(s):

C.J. Schalinski ◽

P. Biermann ◽

A. Eckart ◽

K.J. Johnston ◽

T.Ph. Krichbaum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Range ◽

Radio Sources ◽

Relativistic Motion ◽

Complete Sample ◽

Superluminal Motion ◽

Spectrum Radio ◽

Wide Range ◽

Show Evidence

A complete sample of 13 flat spectrum radio sources is investigated over a wide range of frequencies and spatial resolutions. SSC-calculations lead to the prediction of bulk relativistic motion in all sources. So far 6 out of 7 sources observed with sufficient dynamic range by means of VLBI show evidence for apparent superluminal motion.

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In Vitro Incorporation of Helicobacter pylori into Candida albicans Caused by Acidic pH Stress

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9060489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 489 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kimberly Sánchez-Alonzo ◽

Cristian Parra-Sepúlveda ◽

Samuel Vega ◽

Humberto Bernasconi ◽

Víctor L. Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Acidic Ph ◽

Ph Values ◽

16S Gene ◽

Wide Range ◽

H Pylori

Yeasts can adapt to a wide range of pH fluctuations (2 to 10), while Helicobacter pylori, a facultative intracellular bacterium, can adapt to a range from pH 6 to 8. This work analyzed if H. pylori J99 can protect itself from acidic pH by entering into Candida albicans ATCC 90028. Growth curves were determined for H. pylori and C. albicans at pH 3, 4, and 7. Both microorganisms were co-incubated at the same pH values, and the presence of intra-yeast bacteria was evaluated. Intra-yeast bacteria-like bodies were detected using wet mounting, and intra-yeast binding of anti-H. pylori antibodies was detected using immunofluorescence. The presence of the H. pylori rDNA 16S gene in total DNA from yeasts was demonstrated after PCR amplification. H. pylori showed larger death percentages at pH 3 and 4 than at pH 7. On the contrary, the viability of the yeast was not affected by any of the pHs evaluated. H. pylori entered into C. albicans at all the pH values assayed but to a greater extent at unfavorable pH values (pH 3 or 4, p = 0.014 and p = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, it is possible to suggest that H. pylori can shelter itself within C. albicans under unfavorable pH conditions.

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Dust Explosion Prevention and Mitigation, Status and Developments in Basic Knowledge and in Practical Application

International Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2009/569825 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Rolf K. Eckhoff

Keyword(s):

Process Design ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Industrial Plant ◽

Practical Application ◽

Process Industries ◽

Wide Range ◽

Firm Knowledge ◽

Systematic Education ◽

Training Of Personnel ◽

Made In

Right from the early days of the process industries, continuous efforts have been made to develop and improve measures for prevention and mitigation of dust explosions in these industries. Nevertheless this hazard continues to threaten industries that manufacture, use and/or handle powders and dusts of a wide range of combustible materials. To improve methods for predicting explosion development in real industrial plant has been one major challenge. Hence, during the last years comprehensive numerical simulation codes, for addressing this problem, have been developed. Progress has also been made in other areas, for example, ignition source prevention. The importance of adopting inherently safer process design, by building on firm knowledge in powder science and technology, and of systematic education/training of personnel, is also emphasized.

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Experimental Investigations on Aluminium Ultrasonic Welding Parameters

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.306 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 657 ◽

pp. 306-310

Author(s):

Lăcrămioara Apetrei ◽

Vasile Rață ◽

Ruxandra Rață ◽

Elena Raluca Bulai

Keyword(s):

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Base Material ◽

Welding Process ◽

Ultrasonic Welding ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Welding Parameters ◽

Material Structure ◽

Welding Temperature ◽

Wide Range ◽

Made In

Research evolution timely tendencies, in the nonconventional technologies field, are: manufacture conditions optimization and complex equipments design. The increasing of ultrasonic machining use, in various technologies is due to the expanding need of a wide range materials and high quality manufacture standards in many activity fields. This paper present a experimental study made in order to analyze the welded zone material structure and welding quality. The effects of aluminium ultrasonic welding parameters such as relative energy, machining time, amplitude and working force were compared through traction tests values and microstructural analysis. Microhardness tests were, also, made in five different points, two in the base material and three in the welded zone, on each welded aluminium sample. The aluminum welding experiments were made at the National Research and Development Institute for Welding and Material Testing (ISIM) Timişoara. The ultrasonic welding temperature is lower than the aluminium melting temperature, that's so our experiments reveal that the aluminium ultrasonic welding process doesn't determine the appearance of moulding structure. In the joint we have only crystalline grains deformation, phase transformation and aluminium diffusion.

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Soil acidity in 1970 and 1989 in a coniferous forest in southwest Finland

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s96-099 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 477-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. J. Westman ◽

S. Jauhiainen

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Water Suspension ◽

Ph Values ◽

Humus Layer ◽

Repeated Sampling

Forest soil pH in southwest Finland was measured with identical sampling and analysing methods in 1970 and 1989. The acidity of the organic humus layer increased significantly as pH values measured on water and on salt suspensions decreased between the two sampling dates. For the mineral soil layers, no unambiguous trend was found. pH values measured on salt suspension tended to be unchanged or lower, while pH on water suspension in some soil layers were even higher in 1989 than in 1970. Key words: pH, repeated sampling

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