scholarly journals Analysis of the Dynamics of Structural Processes in the Context of Ensuring Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Lilia Simkiv ◽  
Svitlana Shults ◽  
Olena Lutskiv ◽  
Uliana Andrusiv
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Interregional Differentiation ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Structural Mass

The tendencies and the extent of structural changes in the economy of the regions of Ukraine in the context of ensuring its sustainable development  are examined in the context of the types of economic activity in terms of gross value added (GVA) during 2011-2018. In particular, the rate of change in the share of the structural mass of the economy of the regions that occurred during this period is estimated; the dynamic processes that took place in the structure of the economy of Ukrainian regions are analyzed. The analysis of the mass of structural changes shows their insignificant scale and reduction of the share in the structure of gross value added of such types of economic activity as industry, construction and finance. The estimation of intensity of structural changes by an indicator of average rates of their change shows low and rather differentiated level of intensity of structural changes in the context of types of economic activity. During the analyzed period, the annual average rate of structural changes in Ukraine was 0.131. Based on the calculation of the rate of structural changes, it is proved that structural changes in the economy of Ukraine are quite slow and are characterized by significant interregional differentiation, and the lack of positive dynamics in increasing the speed of structural changes in education is the main obstacle to creating an innovation-oriented model of economic development and reorientation of the structure of the regional economy to the requirements of the post-industrial type to the established concepts and dominants of sustainable development in accordance with EU standards.

Factors of the Structural Dynamics of the Economy of Modern Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Leonid Basovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Sectorial Structure

The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of structural changes in the economy of modern Russia. Linear regression models used to assess trends in changing the contribution of industries to gross value added. The main factors of the sectorial structure of gross value added assessed by factor analysis based on a principal compo-nent model. The main factor in the dynamics of the sectorial structure is the factor of the development of sectors, which until recently were the least developed. It reflects the growth in the contribution of transport and communications, agriculture, real estate transactions, rent. The second most important factor reflects the cyclical redistribution of shares between industry - extractive and manufacturing and financial activities. The third factor reflects the cyclical redistribution of shares between household activities and most other sectors of the economy. The fourth main factor also reflects the cyclical redistribution of shares between industries. It assumed that the main factors of changes in the structure of the economy are associated with the transition processes taking place in the economy and reflecting the slow transition due to unfavorable institutional condi-tions to the dominance of the fifth post-industrial technological order.

Estimation of economic specialization of Ukrainian regions in the context of global trends

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Lyubomyr Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Economic Specialization

The scale and deep heterogeneity of the national economy of Ukraine in the regional context make the relevance of scientific research in this thematic area. The purpose of the article is to determine the economic specialization of the regions of Ukraine by key economic activities contributing to the formation of gross value added, as well as outlining the potential risks to the national economy, taking into account the situation on world commodity markets. The results of the research showed that one of the consequences of the unstable dynamics of industrial production in Ukraine under the influence of geopolitical and macroeconomic factors is the reduction of industrial specialization of the economy of a number of Ukrainian regions. Thus, in 2017 the manufacturing was the leading economic activity (with the highest share in the gross value added created) in 11 regions, compared to 15 in 2012. So Poltava, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhya regions are considered to be “highly industrial”. At the same time, the agrarian specialization of the economy of Ukraine and its regions deepened – in 2017 agriculture became the leading type of economic activity in 11 regions (compared to 7 in 2012). The most “agrarian” in Ukraine (with a share of agriculture in gross value added over 30%) in 2017 became the Kherson, Kirovohrad and Khmelnytsky regions. Increasing the level of “agrarianization” of the national economy in the context of volatility of agricultural commodity prices on the world markets poses significant risks for the socio-economic development of Ukraine and its regions. These risks are exacerbated by the high amplitude of fluctuations in the volume and structure of domestic agricultural products and the low degree of processing of raw materials. To improve the structure of domestic commodity exports (in the direction of increasing its share of products with a higher degree of processing) and to deepen its diversification, a number of measures should be carried out aimed at stimulating export activity of enterprises (industrial and agro-industrial), carrying out technical and technological re-equipment of industrial and export production bases, creation of new high-tech industries on the basis of the implementation of powerful innovation and investment projects.

scholarly journals SPATIAL CONCEPT OF RATIONALE BEHIND ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 136-147
Author(s):  
Ihor BYSTRIAKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Spatial Concept ◽  
Economic Concept ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Platform Economy

For Ukraine’s conditions, it is important to find new forms of organization of economic activity, which will ensure the overcoming of “catching-up” of the world economy. It is advisable to solve the problem in terms of determining the features of the national space for sustainable development. At the same time, objectively, there is a need to adapt the definition of “space” as such to the practice of environmental and economic development management. From a methodological standpoint, the issue is to use the post-industrial approaches to define economic processes with a focus on the category of “interest”. Since economic space of the post-industrial type is formed by the flows of “interests” of business entities, which circulate and determine its structure, attention is focused on domination of energy and information in communicative processes. From the standpoint of the functioning of a proper communicative field, the effect of economic activity is provided by reducing the parameters of transaction duration and then reducing the costs to a corresponding acceptable level. Evolution of the communication system indicates a change in the nature of interaction of business entities with environment. The main issues are the ecological and economic encodings of the life space, which gradually transform into everyday reality and form the corresponding cognitive frames. Therefore, an important point is the search for modern forms of economic self-sufficiency of functioning of ecological systems at the level of requirements for their safe existence at the expense of rational use of natural resources assets. The author emphasizes the expediency of focusing on decentralized forms of managing the process of ensuring the ecological and economic development of territories, taking into account the relevant competences of local economic systems within the definition of their communication fields. Aforementioned approach can be fully solved in the framework of the so-called platform economy. As a phenomenon of macroeconomic level, the platform economy provides guidance on changing the mechanism of cost formation at the grassroots level. The ecological and economic concept of sustainable development fits into general trends associated with transformation of the markets towards expansion of network interactions, since business as well starts to develop according to the similar to natural ecosystem laws.

scholarly journals REGIONAL DIVERSIFICATION OF INVESTMENT OUTLAYS AND LABOUR PROFITABILITY IN AGRICULTURE IN POLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (4) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kusz ◽  
Stanisław Zając ◽  
Ryszard Dziekan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Regional Diversification

The main purpose of the study was to assess changes in labour profitability against changes in the level of investment outlays in Poland in a regional approach. Empirical material consists of statistical data from the Central Statistical Office for the years 2000-2017. The following diagnostic variables were used for the analysis: (1) characterizing the profitability of the labour factor – gross value added in agriculture per one agricultural employee; (2) characterizing the investment activity of farmers – the value of investment outlays in agriculture per one employee in agriculture, the value of investment outlays in agriculture per 1 ha of agricultural land, the value of investment outlays in agriculture in relation to the value of gross fixed assets in agriculture, the value of investment outlays in agriculture in relation to gross value added in agriculture. On the basis of a set of diagnostic features describing the investment activity of farmers, a classification of voivodships was carried out using cluster analysis using Ward’s method, and a statistical evaluation of the relationship between the investment activity of farmers and the profitability of labour was performed. There has been a significant diversification of farmers’ investment activity and labour profitability in terms of regions. It was found that the level of investment outlays is a crucial factor in the process of improving the efficiency of the use of the labour factor. A level of investments that is loo low does not allow for favourable structural changes and for modernization and restructuring of agriculture to take place.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF COMBINING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND PLANNING IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
A. V. Tebekin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Rational Combination ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Level Of Importance

From the standpoint of a comparative analysis, the author considers the problems of combining entrepreneurship and planning inherent in the industrial and post-industrial economies. It is shown that the level of importance of planning in entrepreneurial activity is significantly influenced not only by the dominant position of the buyer or manufacturer (and seller) in the market, but also by the phase of the cycle of economic activity. It has been demonstrated that without the proper attitude of entrepreneurs to planning and a stake on instant success, it is impossible to achieve sustainable development and stable profitability in the medium and long term. Recommendations are formulated to ensure a rational combination of entrepreneurship and planning in a post-industrial economy.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION OF ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES AND THEIR CAPITALIZATION BASED ON VALUE ADDED

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3(68)) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
YU.A. NAZARENKO
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Adequate Representation ◽  
Regional Product

Topicality. In today's financial and economic analysis of the company's main indicators are output and profit, but they have significant disadvantages. The indicator "output" includes the results of the activities of suppliers of goods and services and, accordingly, does not provide adequate representation about the results of the enterprise itself. And the indicator "profit" reflects the interests of only the owners of the enterprise. Its use encourages lower wages, social security financing and employee training, and also indicates a contradiction between the interests of society and the owners of enterprises. All this determines the relevance of the definition of indicators that will ensure an adequate representation of the results of the enterprise and a single conceptual framework for assessing the results of economic activity at the micro, mega and macro levels. Aim and tasks. Analyze the existing indicators of assessing the effectiveness of the enterprise, to determine their main disadvantages. Consider the possibility of using the indicator �gross value added� as the main indicator of an enterprise. Conduct a comparative analysis of the possibility of using different variants of the indicator �value added� to assess the performance of an enterprise. Consider using the indicator �gross value added� as a conceptual basis for evaluating the economic activities at the micro, mega and macro levels.. Research results. As the main indicators of the enterprise, using "output" and "profit". The first indicator consists of gross value added and intermediate consumption. The latter is the result of the activities of other enterprises. In this case, the external contribution can be decisive, and therefore the indicator "output" does not provide adequate representation of the results of enterprises. Another key indicator of enterprise activity is profit. At orientation to it, payment of labor, financing of social security and training of employees is the cost of the enterprise and the less they are, the greater the profit of the enterprise. But in modern conditions, in order to ensure sustainable economic development of a separate enterprise and the country as a whole, it is important to consider that hired workers are carriers of intellectual capital. Loss or reduction of this capital may lead to more significant losses than loss of physical and financial capital. Under such conditions, it is advisable to use the indicator "gross value added" as the main indicator of the effectiveness of the enterprise. Based on this indicator, the main result of the country's economic activity (gross domestic product) and regions (gross regional product) is determined. Gross value added is a very important indicator in terms of meeting the needs of all stakeholders in the productive activity of the company's: employees, owners of the enterprise, the state. The "gross value added" indicator is the main indicator of the company's activities from the point of view of the interests of the whole society, and the indicator "profit" is the main one from the point of view of the owners of the enterprise. The presence of these two indicators reflects the contradiction between the interests of society and the owners of enterprises. The use of the indicator "gross value added" as the main indicator of the company's activity provides a single conceptual basis for assessing the results of economic activity at the micro, mega and macro levels. The study of literary sources suggests the use of different indicators "value-added" to assess the performance of the enterprise. The greatest recognition was given to the "Economic Value Added" (EVA), "Shareholder Value Added " (SVA) and "Market Value Added" (MVA). According to the results of the analysis of these indicators, it was concluded that their general disadvantage is that they reflect the interests of the owners of the enterprise, and not society. Conclusions. Gross value added has a greater analytical value than profit, because, firstly, it gives a more adequate representation of the results of enterprises, and secondly, it determines the potential for capital accumulation. The use of this indicator provides a single conceptual framework for assessing the results of economic activity at the micro, mega-and macro level, since gross domestic product (GDP) and gross regional product (GRP) consist of the gross value added of all institutional units (residents), respectively, of the country and region.

scholarly journals Features of the New Type Global Recession

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
Alexander Lyakin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Supply Shock ◽  
Post Industrial

Research background: The increasing global economic decrease that got the name of Great Lockdown had world pandemic as its trigger. It is already obvious that by its depth, breadth and the number of economics included this recession can be compared to the Great Depression. Shocks nature influences a lot on the structural changes during the recession. The tertiary sector industries, which development is determined by globalization and that are typical for post-industrial economies have the heaviest losses. Now it is impossible to predict are the de-globalization processes permanent or just temporary and which changes in sectoral structure will stay with us after the COVID-19 pandemic. The period of sharp drop is finishing now and it’s obvious that the specific nature of current recession will reveal itself during the market adjustment to the new conditions. Purpose of the article: is to highlight the specific features of recession caused by COVID-19 pandemic, distinguishing it from the previous global recessions. Methods: this article research is based on comparative analysis of main macroeconomic variables trends during the global recessions. Findings & Value added: Current global recession specific features highlited in this article are: industries with a high share of employment are subject to the greatest compression; the economic recession took its origin as a result of the supply shock, and it has a clearly defined industry specifics. The growing uncertainty is limiting the recovery growth potential.; Keynesian measures of countercyclical regulation appeared to be ineffective during the release restrictions phase.

scholarly journals Regional disparities in labour productivity in Poland: a spatial statistics approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Agata Sielska ◽  
Aleksandra Pawłowska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Gross Value Added

An economic growth is considered in the agricultural economics as a central issue, most generally understood as long-term process of increasing agricultural production. Especially in neoclassical theory, the economic growth is determined mainly by a labour productivity. Hence, level and rate of change of the labour productivity are significant, particularly in the context of state activities for rural development. Our research objective was to examine spatial diversity of the labour productivity in Poland. The following partial objectives were also defined: measurement of strength and direction of inter-territorial dependencies and identification of clusters with high (or low) labour productivity level. Moreover, we assessed the labour productivity in the context of regional subsidies. Defining the labour productivity as gross value added divided by number of agricultural workers, we used Moran’s I and Geary’s C for identifying the spatial association. The calculations were made for 66 subregions at NUTS3 level, on the basis of information from the Local Data Bank base created by the Central Statistical Office of Poland. As the preliminary results indicated, the level of labour productivity differed by region. This included cluster with relatively low labour productivity in the Southeast and cluster with relatively high labour productivity in the North. Our findings may support decision-makers in evaluation of the instruments implemented by EU and national institutions for rural development and contribute to better understanding of agricultural policy effects. Keywords: agricultural economics, labour productivity, gross value added, spatial autocorrelation 

scholarly journals Structural transformations of the EU industrial sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-125
Author(s):  
Ksenia Skorik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
The Eu

The issue of industrial policy and industrial problems is one of the most controversial in the European academic community. Even today, we see a lack of theoretical basis for decision-making on industrial policy issues. The main purpose of the publication is to assess the contribution of industry to the socio-economic development of the EU and its member states, as well as to the dynamic structural changes that took place during 2000-2019. To achieve the article's goal, the author uses such indicators as the share of the industrial sector in the generation of gross value added, employment, labor productivity, and exports/imports. The article reveals a general trend to increase in the share of the services sector in the generation of gross value added for the EU-28 and to decrease in the share of the industrial sector. It is established that industry remains an important sector for the EU economy, and for the EU-28, it provides almost 20% of gross value added and more than 70% of total exports, and accounts for about 15% of the employed population. For each of the EU countries, the socio-economic contribution of industry is different - for Central and Eastern Europe, it is more important in the generation of gross value added and employment than for the EU founder countries of the euro area (the EU-15 group). It is found that labor productivity in the EU-15 is higher than in other countries. Growing labor productivity is typical for Denmark, the Netherlands, Ireland, Sweden, and Great Britain, while lower productivity - for such CEE countries as Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania, and Latvia. At the same time, growth rates of all industrial indicators in the latter countries is much higher than in the EU-15. The author considers the new EU industrial policy and various problems of the industrial sector in the EU. The study was carried out on the statistical basis of the European Commission using the methodology of Polish scientists of the Warsaw School of Economics to study the new industrial policy (Krzysztof Falkowski, Adam A. Ambroziak 2015).

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