scholarly journals Effect of Seasonal Variation on the Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels (Myrtaceae) Grown in Eastern Cape of South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-618
Author(s):  
Rotimi A. Larayetan ◽  
Yahaya Abdulrazaq ◽  
Omobola O. Okoh
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Fungi Infection ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Callistemon citrinus belong to the kingdom plantae, family Myrtaceae and genus Callistemon. It grows in Australia but has been naturalized in South Africa. It is used as traditional herb to combat both gastro-intestinal and respiratory diseases, pain, diseases caused by bacteria and fungi infection. About 500 g of the air-dried leaves were pulverized each month and subjected to hydro-distillation using a modified Clevenger apparatus. Hydro-distillation of the fresh leaves of C. citrinus gave a pale yellow volatile oil with a strong scenty fragrance, about 97 components were identified in the 12 treatments analyzed each month. The key components were pinocarvone (1.25-6.17 %), pinocarveol (0.10-9.56 %), α-terpineol (5.24-9.94 %), α-pinene (7.45-22.75 %), limonene (24.08) and eucalyptol (14.69-72.35 %). The compositional profile of the leaves of C. citrinus varied between (January-December). Treatments under investigation revealed markedly qualitatively and quantitatively differences. Antioxidant capacity of the volatile oil of C. citrinus leaves evaluated also demonstrated significance influence of seasonal variation on its activity. The most exigent activity for DPPH free radical scavenging was recorded in the month of September (spring) with an IC50 of 0.50 ± 0.04 mg mL-1, while the most paramount activity for the ABTS assay was 0.94 ± 0.02 mg mL-1 in January (summer).The lowest activity were observed in the June (winter) collection with IC50 of 1.45 ± 0.00 mg mL-1 and 2.19 ± 0.05 mg mL-1 for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Results show that seasonal variations affected the chemical compositions, oil yield as well as antioxidant activities of the volatile oil of the leaves of (C. citrinus); therefore, it is important to consider such effects for industrial and therapeutic purposes.

Chemical variability and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Ammoides verticillata and the roots of Carthamus caeruleus and their synergistic effect in combination

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Rihab Mami ◽  
Noria Merad-Boussalah ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽  
Boufeldja Tabti ◽  
Jean Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Ammoides Verticillata

Aim and Objective: Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of many disease. Some of appropriate actions that could be initiated to taken to resolve the problem of these diseases are search for new antioxidant substances isolated from plants. The aims of this study were to study the intraspecies variations of A. verticillata and C. caeruleus essential oils from 8 locations using statistical analysis, the in vitro antioxidant properties of collective essential oils and in combinations. Materials and Methods: The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The intraspecies variations of the essential oil compositions were discussed using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). The antioxidant properties were evaluated DPPH-radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching test. Results: The main components of Ammoides verticillata collective essential oil (Coll EO) were thymol (30.5%), carvacrol (23.2%), p-cymene (13.1%), limonene (12.5%) and terpinene-4-ol (12.3%). While roots of Carthamus caeruleus essential oil were dominated by carline oxide (86.2%). The chemical variability allowed the discrimination of two main Groups for both Coll EOs. A direct correlation between the altitudes, climate and the chemical compositions was evidenced. Ammoides verticulata and Carthamus caeruleus Coll Eos showed good antioxidant activity. In binary mixture, the interaction both Coll Eos and between oils rich of thymol and/or carvacrol with carlina oxide produced the best synergistic effects, compared to individual essential oils and the synthetic antioxidant (BHT). Conclusion: Ammoides verticillata and Carthamus caeruleus essential oil blends can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical antioxidants.

scholarly journals Searching for Natural Bioactive Compounds in Four Baccharis species from Bolivia

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Dávila ◽  
Ingrid Loayza ◽  
Daniel Lorenzo ◽  
Eduardo Dellacassa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

The volatile oil composition of four Baccharis species ( Baccharis papilosa, B. polycephala, B. buxifolia, and B. convawyi) growing wild in Bolivia were studied by GC and GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the oils was determined by the agar diffusion and bioautography methods. Solvent extracts, polar and non-polar, of the same species were also tested for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Extracts from B. polycephala, B. papilosa and B. convawyi presented significant antioxidant activity, determined using the DPPH radical scavenging method, showing EC50 values of 4.74, 7.17 and 7.97 μg/mL, respectively. Screening for antimicrobial activity was conducted using the agar diffusion test. The most active extracts (% inhibition ≥ 50) were further examined by the dilution method. All the plant extracts studied showed higher antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (Gram-positive) than against E. coli and P. fluorescens (Gram-negative).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-α-glucosidase Activities of Various Solvent Extracts and Major Bioactive Components from the Seeds of Myristica fragrans

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5198
Author(s):  
Cai-Wei Li ◽  
Yi-Cheng Chu ◽  
Chun-Yi Huang ◽  
Shu-Ling Fu ◽  
Jih-Jung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Myristica fragrans is a well-known species for flavoring many food products and for formulation of perfume and medicated balm. It is also used to treat indigestion, stomach ulcers, liver disorders, and, as emmenagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, nervine, and aphrodisiac. We examined antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds in various solvent extracts from the seeds of M. fragrans. Methanol, ethanol, and acetone extracts exhibited relatively strong antioxidant activities by 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging tests. Furthermore, methanol extracts also displayed significant anti-α-glucosidase activity. Examined and compared to the various solvent extracts for their chemical compositions using HPLC analysis, we isolated the ten higher content compounds and analyzed antioxidant and anti-α-glucosidase activities. Among the isolates, dehydrodiisoeugenol, malabaricone B and malabaricone C were main antioxidant components in seeds of M. fragrans. Malabaricone C exhibited stronger antioxidant capacities than others based on lower half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, and it also showed significant inhibition of α-glucosidase. These results shown that methanol was found to be the most efficient solvent for extracting the active components from the seeds of M. fragrans, and this material is a potential good source of natural antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitor.

Prevalence and seasonal variation of gastrointestinal nematodes and coccidia infecting ovine grazing on communal rangelands in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 4169-4175
Author(s):  
Mlungisi S. Jansen ◽  
Nkululeko Nyangiwe ◽  
Mandla Yawa ◽  
Mzwethu Dastile ◽  
Vuyiswa Mabhece ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Communal Rangelands

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Identification of Bioactive Proteins Using Shotgun Proteomic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boon-Hong Kong ◽  
Chee-Sum Alvin Yap ◽  
Muhammad Fazril Mohamad Razif ◽  
Szu-Ting Ng ◽  
Chon-Seng Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Medicinal Fungus ◽  
Bioactive Proteins

Research background. Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a highly valued medicinal fungus is close to extinction due to overexploitation. Successful cultivation of O. sinensis fruiting body (OCS02®) shows the cultivar consists promising nutritional value and numerous bioactive compounds. Antioxidant and antiproliferative properties and biologically active proteins of the OCS02® are investigated for possible development into nutraceuticals. Experimental approach. The chemical compositions of the OCS02® cold water extract was determined, and the antioxidant activities were examined using ferric reducing, DPPH and O2- scavenging assays. MTT cytotoxic assay was performed to assess the antiproliferative activity of the extract. Bioactive proteins in the active fraction of the extract were identified using liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem-mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Results and conclusions. The OCS02® extract exhibited strong O2- scavenger ((18.40±1.12) mol TE/g extract) and potent cytotoxicity towards A549 cells (IC50=(58.17±6.79) µg/mL). High molecular mass polysaccharides, proteins and protein-polysaccharide complexes could have contributed to the antioxidant and cytotoxic selectivity of the OCS02®. LC-MS/MS analysis identified several potential cytotoxic proteases and an oxalate decarboxylase oxdC protein which may exhibit protection effects on kidneys. Novelty and scientific contributions. The findings reported the promising superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity, cytotoxic effect and presence of bio-pharmaceutical active proteins in of OCS02® extract, thus demonstrates the potential of OCS02® to be developed into functional food.

scholarly journals A New Natural Antioxidant Biomaterial from Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira Leaves Represses Melanogenesis and Protects against DNA Damage

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Shu Ho ◽  
Jane-Yii Wu ◽  
Chi-Yue Chang
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Melanin Synthesis

Cinnamomoum osmophloeum Kanehira (COK) is an indigenous tree species in Taiwan. Chemical compositions, antioxidant activity, mushroom tyrosinase inhibition, melanin synthesis repression, and protection against DNA damage of hydrosol from the COK leaves by steam distillation were examined. We performed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, metal ion chelating, reducing power, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays and determined the correlations between total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. The findings showed that the anti-oxidative properties of COK hydrosol are closely correlated with their phenol contents. Additionally, the major constituents of hydrosol, i.e., cinnamaldehyde and benzaldehyde, had dose-dependent anti-tyrosinase effects against both monophenolase and diphenolase activities. GC-MS analysis revealed that the major bioactive components of hydrosol were trans-cinnamaldehyde (87.7%), benzaldehyde (7.0%), and cinnamyl acetate (5.3%). Moreover, we found that the hydrosol with the presence of benzaldehyde is more potent than pure cinnamaldehyde, and enhances the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of hydrosol. In kinetic analyses, Lineweaver–Burk plots and replots showed that COK hydrosol is a mixed-type inhibitor. Additionally, we found that very low doses of COK hydrosol repressed α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced synthesis of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, leading to decreased melanin synthesis in B16-F10 melanoma cells. These results demonstrated that production of hydrosol from COK leaves using steam distillation may provide a safe and efficacious source of skin-whitening agents for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, with antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-melanogenesis, and DNA protective activities.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activities of Phycocyanin: A Bioactive Compound from Spirulina platensis

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal A. Gabr ◽  
Salwa M. El-Sayed ◽  
Mohamed S. Hikal
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Wide Range

Background and Objectives: The cyanobacterium Spirulina also called blue green algae is a class of gram negative bacteria which possesses wide range of bioactive colored components as Phycocyanin, carotenoids and chlorophyll. Spirulina is one of the microalgae containing nutrients that have been used as a functional food in addition to therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical composition of Spirulina platensis biomass and its ethanolic and aqueous extracts, as well as, evaluate the antioxidant activities of the biomass, ethanolic, aqueous and the purified Phycocyanin. Materials and Methods: The chemical compositions of Spirulina platensis were determined, as well as the antioxidant activity of extracts, Phycocyanin, Phycocyanopeptide and Phycocyanobilin using (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. Results: Results show that biomass has higher total proteins (49.72±0.508%), total carbohydrates (10.3±0.330%), moisture content (7.5±0.685%), lipids (7.2±0.105%) and Minerals (6.9±0.130%). In biomass, the total phenols (51.20±0.25 µg/mL) and flavonoids (97.73±1.858 µg/mL) were high compared to the ethanolic (49.48±0.130 and 69.07±1.814 µg/mL) and aqueous (15.27±0.639 and 4.67±0.611 µg/mL) extracts respectively. In the phenolic compounds, pyrogallol was identified as the major compound in biomass and aqueous extract (63.85 and 12.33%) respectively, E-vanillic acid in ethanolic (18.20 %), whereas, hespirdin (3.517 and1.639%) were major flavonoids found in aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively. The DPPH scavenging activity was found higher in ethanolic extract compared to aqueous while in bioactive, the order of antioxidant activity was Phycocyanin > Phycocyanobilin > Phycocyanopeptide. Conclusions: The study data regarding to Spirulina nutritional value, makes Spirulina an excellent choice when formulating diets and combating malnutrition. Furthermore, it is a strong antioxidant and could be used as alternative treatments as anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory agent.

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