scholarly journals Extraction and GC-MS Analysis of the Essential Oil from the Peel of Solanum incanum and its Antibacterial Activity Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 2001-2006
Author(s):  
Mequanint Molla Yetayih ◽  
Yesudass Dominic Ravichandran
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Solanum Incanum ◽  
Ms Analysis

Phytochemicals were extracted from the peel of Solanum incanum (S. incanum) with methanol (70% v/v). The phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract showed the presence of glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and phenolic compounds. The successive partitioning of the methanolic extract was carried out with three solvents hexane, diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The diethyl ether fraction yielded two immiscible fractions. The oil was separated as essential oil fraction and analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil indicated 17 compounds including 2,3-butanediol (76.76%), diethyl phthalate (8.32%), benzyl benzoate (3.02%), 2,6-dimethyl-6-nitro-2-hepten-4-one (2.56%) and 1,2-dimethoxy- 4-(1-propenyl)benzene (1.88%). Among them, the mass spectral patterns of three compounds were analyzed, discussed and confirmed with NIST database. The antibacterial study of essential oil was conducted using four pathogens (E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. aureus and S. pyogenes) at four different concentrations (250, 500, 750 and 1000 μg/mL). The result indicates that the essential oil extracted from the peel of Solanum incanum exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against E. coli and K. pneumonia in 1000 μg/mL, respectively compared with the positive control gentamicin (10 μg/mL). The result of this study revealed the presence of various organic components and the antibacterial activity of this plant essential oil may be as a result of the major compounds.

scholarly journals The GCMS Analysis  of the Diethylether and Ethylacetate Fraction of the Peel of Solanum incanum and the Study of Their Antibacterial Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesudass Dominic Ravichandran ◽  
Molla Mequanint Yetayih
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Solanum Incanum ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Screening

Abstract The ethyl acetate and diethyl ether extracts of the peel of the fruit of Solanum incanum. (S. incanum) was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 105 compounds were identified in the diethyl ether extract and 75 compounds were identified in ethyl acetate extract. Among them, the mass spectral data of 5 compounds were analyzed, discussed and compared with NIST database. The antibacterial screening was also conducted for both the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate fraction of the fruit peel S.incanum using four pathogens, two Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Streptococcus pyogenes ( S. pyogenes ) ant two Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumonia ), at four different concentrations (250, 500, 750 and 1000 μg/mL). The diethyl ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the peel of S. incanum exhibited activity against E. coli and K. pneumonia at 1000 μg/mL concentration

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Mechanism of Action of the Essential Oil from Amomum kravanh

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1740-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEN-RUI DIAO ◽  
LIANG-LIANG ZHANG ◽  
SAI-SAI FENG ◽  
JIAN-GUO XU
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Transmission Electron

Amomum kravanh is widely cultivated and used as a culinary spice. In this work, the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of A. kravanh fruits was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and 34 components were identified. 1,8-Cineole (68.42%) was found to be the major component, followed by α-pinene (5.71%), α-terpinene (2.63%), and β-pinene (2.41%). The results of antibacterial tests showed that the sensitivities to the essential oil of different foodborne pathogens tested were different based on the Oxford cup method, MIC, and MBC assays, and the essential oil exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, a gram-positive bacterium, and Escherichia coli, a gram-negative bacterium. Growth in the presence of Amomum kravanh at the MIC, as measured by monitoring optical density over time, demonstrated that the essential oil was bacteriostatic after 12 h to both B. subtilis and E. coli. Observations of cell membrane permeability, cell constituent release assay, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that this essential oil may disrupt the cell wall and cell membrane permeability, leading to leakage of intracellular constituents in both B. subtilis and E. coli.

scholarly journals Essential Oils of Aerial Parts of Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,Salvia leucantha Cav. and Thymus linearis Benth. From Uttarakhand Himalaya: Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Joshi ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Bhuwan Chandra ◽  
N. D. Kandpal
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Uttarakhand Himalaya

The components present in the essential oils extracted from Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth., Salvia leucantha Cav. and Thymus linearis Benth. were identified by GC and GC/MS analysis. The main compounds present in the oils were aromadendrene (20.0%) in S. leucantha, Phellandrene (12.5%), α-thujene (12.0%) in A. margaritacea and thymol (50.0%) in T. linearis. The antibacterial activity of all the three oils against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. typhi, has been studied. In the antibacterial activity S. typhi is the most resistant bacteria to all the tested oils whereas essential oil of T. linearis showed highest antibactericidal activity against S. aureus in diffusion method.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Daun Tembakau terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elda Nurnasari ◽  
Kristiana Sri Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
E Coli

Tobacco plants are widely used as raw material for cigarettes, but the results of the study show that in tobacco leaves contain compounds that can be used in the pharmaceutical and health fields. Tobacco leaves contain essential oils that have a distinctive aroma. The study aims to examine the antibacterial activity of tobacco essential oil from six sources tobacco such as Temanggung, Yogyakarta, Purwodadi, Boyolali, Blitar and Probolinggo. Tobacco essential oil is obtained by the steam-water distillation method. Antibacterial activity evaluation was carried out by diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration on two bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The yield of tobacco essential oil ranged from 0.54-3.39%. Tobacco essential oil had antibacterial activity against bacteria E. coli and S. aureus in the presence of inhibition zones in bacterial media. The biggest inhibition zone was in Yogyakarta tobacco essential oil of 26 mm for S. aureus bacteria, while for E. coli bacteria the biggest inhibition zone was Blitar tobacco essential oil which was equal to 21 mm. The inhibition zone was not much different from the inhibition zone in tetracycline antibiotic testing (positive control) which was 25 mm in S. aureus and 21.5 mm bacteria in E. coli bacteria. Tobacco essential oil from Probolinggo was able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus bacteria up to a concentration of 6.25% and E. coli bacteria to a concentration of 12.5%.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of a Citrus Essential Oil and Its Fractions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2888
Author(s):  
Carmen M. S. Ambrosio ◽  
Gloria L. Diaz-Arenas ◽  
Leidy P. A. Agudelo ◽  
Elena Stashenko ◽  
Carmen J. Contreras-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beneficial Bacterium ◽  
Minor Compounds ◽  
Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Relative Amount

Essential oils (EOs) from Citrus are the main by-product of Citrus-processing industries. In addition to food/beverage and cosmetic applications, citrus EOs could also potentially be used as an alternative to antibiotics in food-producing animals. A commercial citrus EO—Brazilian Orange Terpenes (BOT)—was fractionated by vacuum fractional distillation to separate BOT into various fractions: F1, F2, F3, and F4. Next, the chemical composition and biological activities of BOT and its fractions were characterized. Results showed the three first fractions had a high relative amount of limonene (≥10.86), even higher than the whole BOT. Conversely, F4 presented a larger relative amount of BOT’s minor compounds (carvone, cis-carveol, trans-carveol, cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, and trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol) and a very low relative amount of limonene (0.08–0.13). Antibacterial activity results showed F4 was the only fraction exhibiting this activity, which was selective and higher activity on a pathogenic bacterium (E. coli) than on a beneficial bacterium (Lactobacillus sp.). However, F4 activity was lower than BOT. Similarly, F4 displayed the highest antioxidant activity among fractions (equivalent to BOT). These results indicated that probably those minor compounds that detected in F4 would be more involved in conferring the biological activities for this fraction and consequently for the whole BOT, instead of the major compound, limonene, playing this role exclusively.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthiumL.) Essential Oils and Phenolics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Msaada ◽  
Nidhal Salem ◽  
Olfa Bachrouch ◽  
Slim Bousselmi ◽  
Sonia Tammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical variability of wormwood extracts as affected by the growing region. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were also investigated. The essential oil composition variability ofA. absinthiumL. aerial parts collected from four different Tunisian regions was assessed by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of methanolic extract and essential oils were undertaken. Chromatographic analysis of wormwood essential oils showed the predominance of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented mainly by chamazulene. RP-HPLC analysis of wormwood methanolic extract revealed the predominance of phenolic acids. Antiradical activity was region-dependant and the methanolic extract of Bou Salem region has the strongest activity (CI50=9.38±0.82 µg/mL). Concerning the reducing power, the methanolic extract of Bou Salem, Jérissa, and Boukornine regions was more active than the positive control. Obtained results of antimicrobial activities showed that wormwood essential oil is endowed with important antibacterial activity which was strongly related to the organoleptic quality of oil which appeared strongly region-dependant.A. absinthiumL. EOs investigated are quite interesting from a pharmaceutical standpoint because of their biological activities.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SAPONIN FROM ABUTILON INDICUM LEAVES

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokesh Ravi ◽  
Manasvi V ◽  
Praveena Lakshmi B
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Assay ◽  
Crude Saponin ◽  
Abutilon Indicum

ABSTRACTObjective: Aim of this study is to analyze the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of crude saponin extract (CSE) from Abutilon indicum leaves.Methods: CSE was subjected for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify its components. Antibacterial potentialwas analyzed using agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was detected using 96-well plate method, againstStaphylococcus aureus (MTCC: 3160) and Escherichia coli (MTCC: 443). DNA damage study was performed using comet assay. Antioxidant capabilitywas studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay.Results: GC-MS analysis suggested a library match to benzene-1-4-bis(phenylmethyl), with a molecular weight of 258 g/mol to be the majorcomponent in the CSE at 21.25 RT. CSE demonstrated 96.16% free radical scavenging activity at 2.5 mg/ml concentration. CSE demonstrateda significant antibacterial activity in the well diffusion assay, S. aureus 17 mm and E. coli 15 mm, with a MIC value of 1.11 mg/ml. Comet assaydemonstrated no DNA damage.Conclusion: These results conclude that CSE of A. indicum leaves possesses promising antibacterial and antioxidant potential.Keywords: Abutilon indicum, Saponin, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Antibacterial assay.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Spirulina platensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Prayoga Pannindrya ◽  
Mega Safithri ◽  
Kustiariyah Tarman
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Test ◽  
E Coli

Spirulina is a microalgae that has been widely used as various supplements and medicines because of its high nutritional content. The need for new antibacterial sources to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance, makes the potential of Spirulina as an antibacterial agent necessary to be researched. This study aims to analyze the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Spirulina platensis obtained from the Indonesian region against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Spirulina samples were macerated in ethanol solvent in a ratio of 1:10 (w / v). The antibacterial test used was the disc diffusion method with clindamycin positive control. Antibacterial test results showed that S. platensis in this study did not have antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Thymus serpyllum Essential Oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta WESOŁOWSKA ◽  
Monika GRZESZCZUK ◽  
Dorota JADCZAK ◽  
Paweł NAWROTEK ◽  
Magdalena STRUK
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Total Oil

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Thymus serpyllum and Thymus serpyllum‘Aureus’ has been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty-seven compounds (99.67% of the total oil) wereidentified in the essential oil of T. serpyllum. The main components found in the oil were carvacrol (37.49%), -terpinene (10.79%), -caryophyllene (6.51%), p-cymene (6.06%), (E)--ocimene (4.63%) and -bisabolene (4.51%). Similarly, carvacrol (44.93%), -terpinene(10.08%), p-cymene (7.39%) and -caryophyllene (6.77%) dominated in the oil of T. serpyllum ‘Aureus’. A total of forty three compounds wereidentified in this oil, representing 99.49% of the total oil content. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the content of 1-octen-3-ol,eucalyptol, (Z)--ocimene, (E)--ocimene, -terpinene, carvacrol methyl ether, germacrene D and -bisabolene was significantly higher for T.serpyllum while T. serpyllum ‘Aureus’ was characterized by a significantly higher content of 3-octanone, 3-octanol, p-cymene, borneol andcarvacrol. The isolated essential oils were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against nine reference strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcusaureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Proteus vulgaris and Candidaalbicans) by the microdilution technique. Based on this test, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of essential oil were calculated. Thevolatile oil obtained from T. serpyllum showed the highest antimicrobial activity relative to the strain of E. coli (MIC=0.025 μL/mL) and to theyeast C. albicans (MIC=0.05 μL/mL). Similarly, a significant antimicrobial activity exhibited T. serpyllum ‘Aureus’ essential oil, although the MICvalues obtained in that case for E. coli and C. albicans strains were twice as high and were respectively 0.05 μL/mL and 0.1 μL/mL.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil and citral for Spodoptera frugiperda

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellison Rosario de Oliveira ◽  
Dejane Santos Alves ◽  
Geraldo Andrade Carvalho ◽  
Bárbara Maria Ribeiro Guimarães de Oliveira ◽  
Smail Aazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Polyphagous Insect

ABSTRACT Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous insect responsible for damage to several crops. Synthetic chemical insecticides and genetically modified plants are the most commonly used methods for FAW control. However, the selection of resistant populations has been reported in several studies, justifying the search for new molecules to be used in the control of S. frugiperda. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil (LEO) and its major component (citral) in relation to FAW. Additionally, the anticholinesterase activity of LEO and citral was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Electrophorus electricus. The LEO was toxic to FAW when added to an artificial diet (LC50 = 1.35 mg mL-1) at the highest concentrations tested, and the median lethal time (LT50) was 18.85 h. Major components of LEO were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and citral, the most abundant component, was used in FAW bioassays. The insecticidal activity of citral was statistically similar to that of LEO, demonstrating that citral was responsible for the insecticidal activity of LEO. Inhibition of AChE was measured, and the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for LEO and citral were 650- and 405-fold higher, respectively, than that verified for the positive control (methomyl insecticide), suggesting selectivity for non-target organisms. Based on these results, citral and C. flexuosus have the potential to be applied in the development of new products for the control of S. frugiperda.

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