scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Disease in Malnourished Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Michael Gracey
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Mortality Statistics ◽  
Protein Calorie Malnutrition ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Aboriginal Children

In communities where malnutrition is common, gastrointestinal diseases are prominent and contribute largely to unfavourable morbidity and mortality statistics. Patterns of gastrointestinal disease were studied in two such cotnmunities; Aboriginal children in Western Australia and children admitted to the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta.Two hundred and fifty one (251) young Aborigines were studied. Forty percent of them malnourished, 37% were anaemic and more than 50% had enteric pathogens in their stools. Sugar intolerance was also common (25%). Similar clinical features are seen in the children from Jakarta but more severe forms of malnutrition and gross vitamin deficiency occurred more often.Thirteen of the Aboriginal children died; at necropsy the most remarkable finding wass fatty infiltration of the liver which some cases was extreme. This, of course, is characteristic of protein-calorie malnutrition add has been well documented in other studies. Other pathological findings included severe purulent infections, septic infarcts, haemolysis, acanthocytosis, thrombocytopenia and vascular catastrophes.

scholarly journals Mealtime Environment and Control of Food Intake in Healthy Children and in Children with Gastrointestinal Diseases

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Katerina Sdravou ◽  
Elpida Emmanouilidou-Fotoulaki ◽  
Athanasia Printza ◽  
Elias Andreoulakis ◽  
Athanasios Evangeliou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Child Autonomy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mealtime Environment

Parental feeding practices and mealtime routine significantly influence a child’s eating behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the mealtime environment in healthy children and children with gastrointestinal diseases. We conducted a cross-sectional case–control study among 787 healthy, typically developing children and 141 children with gastrointestinal diseases, aged two to seven years. Parents were asked to provide data on demographics and describe their mealtime environment by answering to 24 closed-ended questions. It was found that the majority of the children had the same number of meals every day and at the same hour. Parents of both groups exerted considerable control on the child’s food intake by deciding both when and what their child eats. Almost one third of the parents also decided how much their child eats. The two groups differed significantly in nine of the 24 questions. The study showed that both groups provided structured and consistent mealtime environments. However, a significant proportion of children did not control how much they eat which might impede their ability to self-regulate eating. The presence of a gastrointestinal disease was found to be associated with reduced child autonomy, hampered hunger cues and frequent use of distractions during meals.

Approaches to common conditions of the gastrointestinal tract in pet hamsters

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Vicki Baldrey
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Indications For Surgery ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
The Uk

Hamsters are popular pets in the UK. The Syrian or Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is the best known species in the pet trade, with a variety of dwarf species also encountered. Gastrointestinal disease occurs frequently, and diarrhoea is a common presenting complaint. This is most often associated with bacterial or parasitic infection, but can also be related to neoplasia or the use of certain antibiotics. Initial stabilisation of the hamster with diarrhoea should include provision of a warm stress-free environment, fluid therapy, nutritional support with an appropriate critical care diet and analgesia. Following a full history and clinical examination, further diagnostic steps include faecal parasitology and microbiology, routine biochemistry and haematology, radiography with or without positive contrast, and abdominal ultrasound. Indications for surgery include evidence of intestinal obstruction or prolapsed intussusception. This article gives an overview of the most common gastrointestinal diseases encountered in hamster species and provides a guide of how to logically approach the investigation and treatment of these cases, achievable in general practice.

scholarly journals Modeling Gastrointestinal Diseases Using Organoids to Understand Healing and Regenerative Processes

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1331
Author(s):  
Alexane Ollivier ◽  
Maxime M. Mahe ◽  
Géraldine Guasch
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Regenerative Therapy ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Epithelial Wound Healing ◽  
Potential Applications

The gastrointestinal tract is a continuous series of organs from the mouth to the esophagus, stomach, intestine and anus that allows digestion to occur. These organs are frequently associated with chronic stress and injury during life, subjecting these tissues to frequent regeneration and to the risk of developing disease-associated cancers. The possibility of generating human 3D culture systems, named organoids, that resemble histologically and functionally specific organs, has opened up potential applications in the analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in epithelial wound healing and regenerative therapy. Here, we review how during normal development homeostasis takes place, and the role of the microenvironmental niche cells in the intestinal stem cell crypt as an example. Then, we introduce the notion of a perturbed niche during disease conditions affecting the esophageal–stomach junction and the colon, and describe the potential applications of organoid models in the analysis of human gastrointestinal disease mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the perspectives of organoid-based regenerative therapy to improve the repair of the epithelial barrier.

scholarly journals ЕТІОЛОГІЧНА СТРУКТУРА ГОСТРИХ ШЛУНКОВО–КИШКОВИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ ТЕЛЯТ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
A. Berezovskyi ◽  
T. Fotyna ◽  
L. Ulko ◽  
A. Nechyporenko ◽  
E. Tytov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Important Place ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Low Efficiency

The results of tests of samples of biological material from the calves with acute gastrointestinal diseases presents in the article. It was found that the occurrence and development of acute gastrointestinal diseases the leading role played by opportunistic bacteria association: S. aureus, S. saprophiticus, S. agalactiae, S. faecalis, S. pyogenes, E. coli, E. cloacae, C. jejuni, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and K. Pneumoniae. Of the 632 examinations we studied 2,786 samples of biological material. Analysis of the results on our diagnostic work shows that acute gastrointestinal disease in calves caused by microbial associations. At acute gastrointestinal disease isolated pathogen E. coli – 21.0%. Coccoid microorganisms group also had significant representation. Thus, a biomaterial of 15.5% was allocated S. faecalis, at 11.6% was allocated pathogen S. aureus. Although to a lesser extent, but large office in the species spectrum of microorganisms by acute gastrointestinal diseases of calves occupied S. agalactiae – 4.8%, S. saprophiticus – 4.6%, S. pyogenes – 3.7%. Among the important place occupied microorganisms culture P. vulgaris – 8.5% of the total allocation of the samples. The average discharge frequency was characteristic for Campylobacter jejuni – 6.5% of cases.In analyzing the sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from calves with acute gastro–intestinal diseases to different groups of antibiotic drugs found that E. coli has a low sensitivity to antibiotics almost all studied groups. The largest number of selected crops susceptible to cephalosporins – 74.8%. Most of the isolated cultures weaklysensitive or insensitive to antibiotics studied by us. These data are an indication of the spread of antibiotic–resistant strains of microorganisms among newborn calves in the farms of Sumy and Chernihiv regions, which explains the low efficiency of antibiotic therapy. Highly active towards crop S. aureus, S. saprophiticus, S. agalactiae, S. faecalis, S. pyogenes, E. coli, E. cloacae, C. jejuni, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae were drug «Ceftioklin» and combined antibacterial agents. 

scholarly journals Intestinal organoids for modelling intestinal development and disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1750) ◽  
pp. 20170217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Fair ◽  
Jennifer Colquhoun ◽  
Nicholas R. F. Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Intestinal Organoids ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Human Specific

Gastrointestinal diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent in developed countries. Immortalized cells and animal models have delivered important but limited insight into the mechanisms that initiate and propagate these diseases. Human-specific models of intestinal development and disease are desperately needed that can recapitulate structure and function of the gut in vitro . Advances in pluripotent stem cells and primary tissue culture techniques have made it possible to culture intestinal epithelial cells in three dimensions that self-assemble to form ‘intestinal organoids'. These organoids allow for new, human-specific models that can be used to gain insight into gastrointestinal disease and potentially deliver new therapies to treat them. Here we review current in vitro models of intestinal development and disease, considering where improvements could be made and potential future applications in the fields of developmental modelling, drug/toxicity testing and therapeutic uses. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.

scholarly journals Effects of Food Contamination on Gastrointestinal Morbidity: Comparison of Different Machine-Learning Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Song ◽  
Yu-Jun Zheng ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Central China ◽  
Learning Models

Morbidity prediction can be useful in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of medical services, but accurate morbidity prediction is often difficult because of the complex relationships between diseases and their influencing factors. This study investigates the effects of food contamination on gastrointestinal-disease morbidities using eight different machine-learning models, including multiple linear regression, a shallow neural network, and three deep neural networks and their improved versions trained by an evolutionary algorithm. Experiments on the datasets from ten cities/counties in central China demonstrate that deep neural networks achieve significantly higher accuracy than classical linear-regression and shallow neural-network models, and the deep denoising autoencoder model with evolutionary learning exhibits the best prediction performance. The results also indicate that the prediction accuracies on acute gastrointestinal diseases are generally higher than those on other diseases, but the models are difficult to predict the morbidities of gastrointestinal tumors. This study demonstrates that evolutionary deep-learning models can be utilized to accurately predict the morbidities of most gastrointestinal diseases from food contamination, and this approach can be extended for the morbidity prediction of many other diseases.

Screening Younger Individuals in a Primary Care Setting Flags Putative Dementia Cases and Correlates Gastrointestinal Diseases with Poor Cognitive Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilka M. Rosa ◽  
Ana Gabriela Henriques ◽  
Liliana Carvalho ◽  
Joana Oliveira ◽  
Odete A.B. da Cruz e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Primary Care Setting ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
Dementia Screening ◽  
Primary Care Settings

Background/Aims: Diagnosing dementia is challenging in many primary care settings, given the limited human resources and the lack of current diagnostic tools. With this in mind, a primary care-based cohort was established in the Aveiro district of Portugal. Methods: A total of 568 participants were evaluated using cognitive tests and APOE genotyping. Results: The findings revealed a dementia prevalence of 12%. A strong correlation between increasing Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores and education was clearly evident. Other highly relevant risk factors were activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL, aging, depression, gender, the APOE ε4 allele, and comorbidities (depression as well as gastrointestinal, osteoarticular, and neurodegenerative diseases). A hitherto unreported, significant correlation between gastrointestinal disease and high CDR score was clearly observable. Conclusions: This study shows the merit of carrying out a dementia screening on younger subjects. Significantly, 71 subjects in the age group of 50-65 years were flagged for follow-up studies; furthermore, these cases with a potentially early onset of dementia were identified in a primary care setting.

Proximal Duodenal Perforation in Three Dogs Following Deracoxib Administration

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brad Case ◽  
Jennifer L. Fick ◽  
Matthew B. Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Duodenal Perforation ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Duodenal Papilla ◽  
Major Duodenal Papilla ◽  
Septic Peritonitis ◽  
Duodenal Perforations

The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and gross pathological findings, treatment, and outcome in three dogs receiving deracoxib that developed proximal duodenal perforation and subsequent septic peritonitis. Clinical findings were acute vomiting and anorexia following initiation of deracoxib therapy. Deracoxib dosages ranged from 2 to 3 mg/kg per os q 24 hours. In each dog, exploratory laparotomy revealed duodenal perforations approximately 1 cm orad to the major duodenal papilla. Two out of three dogs survived following exploratory laparotomy. Two of three dogs in the present case series received the approved deracoxib dosage. Dogs receiving deracoxib, even at labeled dosages, should be monitored judiciously for signs of gastrointestinal disease.

Reflux Esophagitis: Sequelae and Differential Diagnosis in Infants and Children Including Eosinophilic Esophagitis

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Barrett Dahms
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophilic Esophagitis ◽  
Reflux Esophagitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Pediatric Pathology ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In Infants And Children

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition in infants and children and has many clinical mimics. Most pediatric pathology departments process many mucosal biopsies from the proximal gastrointestinal tract to evaluate the presence or absence of reflux esophagitis. Since this subject was last reviewed in the 1997 edition of Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology devoted to gastrointestinal diseases in children (Dahms BB. Reflux esophagitis and sequelae in infants and children. In: Dahms BB, Qualman SJ, eds. Gastrointestinal Disease. Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, vol. 20. Basel: Karger, 1997;14–34), progress in the field has allowed recognition of additional presenting symptoms and treatments of GERD. Histologic criteria for diagnosing reflux esophagitis have not changed. However, the entity of eosinophilic esophagitis has emerged since 1997 and has been defined well enough to allow it to be distinguished from reflux esophagitis, with which it was probably previously confused. Refinements (though not simplification!) in the definition of Barrett esophagus are still in evolution. This review will summarize these newer concepts and briefly review the standards of diagnosis of reflux esophagitis.

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