Suggestion of Proper Method of Water Stream for Reduction of Fire Damage

Introduction. The article provides an algorithm for assessing the damage from a fire on the territory of gas compressor stations using a multifactor model of scenarios for the development of a fire. The causes of fires at the facilities of gas compressor stations are analyzed on the basis of statistical data. The established algorithm was verified by calculating the damage from fires, and the most dangerous causes of fires on the territory of gas compressor stations were established by the values of the frequency of emergency ruptures. The purpose of the study is establishing an algorithm for assessing fire damage based on a multivariate analysis of scenarios for the development of fires at gas compressor stations. Research methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used. These are analysis, generalization, economic analysis, analysis of empirical data, which were based on the general provisions of the theory of analysis and systems analysis. The results of the study. A multivariate analysis of scenarios for the development of fires on the territory of gas compressor stations is carried out. An algorithm is found for assessing fire damage based on a multivariate analysis of scenarios for the development of fires at gas compressor stations. Conclusion. Using the results of the analysis of scenarios of fire development on the territory of gas compressor stations and calculations of indicators of economic damage from fires at these facilities, it is possible to draw up an algorithm for assessing fire damage on the territory of gas compressor stations. Key words: efficiency, analysis, statistics, fire, gas compressor stations, state fire control authorities, damage calculation.

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Modeling and Assessment of the Produced Water Discharges from Offshore Petroleum Platforms

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2007.032 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 303-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zhi Chen ◽

Lin Zhao ◽

Kenneth Lee ◽

Charles Hannath

Keyword(s):

Random Walk ◽

Produced Water ◽

Model Development ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Ecological Monitoring ◽

Numerical Approach ◽

Ocean Model ◽

Scale Model ◽

Water Stream

Abstract There has been a growing interest in assessing the risks to the marine environment from produced water discharges. This study describes the development of a numerical approach, POM-RW, based on an integration of the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) and a Random Walk (RW) simulation of pollutant transport. Specifically, the POM is employed to simulate local ocean currents. It provides three-dimensional hydrodynamic input to a Random Walk model focused on the dispersion of toxic components within the produced water stream on a regional spatial scale. Model development and field validation of the predicted current field and pollutant concentrations were conducted in conjunction with a water quality and ecological monitoring program for an offshore facility located on the Grand Banks of Canada. Results indicate that the POM-RW approach is useful to address environmental risks associated with the produced water discharges.

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Remote turbidity measurement with a laser reflectometer

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0549 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

pp. 255-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mark Johnson

Keyword(s):

Water Surface ◽

Free Water ◽

Optical Scattering ◽

Flowing Water ◽

Water Stream ◽

Water Turbidity ◽

Water Colour ◽

Contact Measurement ◽

Optical Instruments ◽

Better Than

A simple, laser-based reflectometer is described for the measurement of water turbidity via 180° optical scattering. Applications exist both in clean source waters (0-1000NTU) with a minimum detectable turbidity better than 1NTU, and in dense wastewater primary-clarifier sludges. The non-contact measurement is performed from a distance at least up to 10m, substantially avoiding the usual window fouling problems of optical instruments. By measuring directly in the process, through a free water surface or on the side of a flowing water stream, the difficulties of transporting sample to the instrument are also avoided. Extensions to be described allow measurement also of water colour.

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Editor's Note: Evaluation of Fire Damage

Journal of Applied Fire Science ◽

10.2190/8yqv-jjnb-c6c7-g78n ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Paul R. De Cicco

Keyword(s):

Fire Damage

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Modal‐based identification method of fire damage in reinforced concrete T‐beams using support vector machine and firefly algorithm

Structural Control and Health Monitoring ◽

10.1002/stc.2767 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cai‐wei Liu ◽

Su‐Meng Song ◽

Chao‐Feng Liu ◽

Ji‐Jun Miao ◽

Hao Liu

Keyword(s):

Support Vector Machine ◽

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Firefly Algorithm ◽

Support Vector ◽

Fire Damage ◽

Identification Method

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CFD Investigation of Trout-Like Configuration Holding Station near an Obstruction

Fluids ◽

10.3390/fluids6060204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Kamran Fouladi ◽

David J. Coughlin

Keyword(s):

Fluid Dynamics ◽

Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽

Laboratory Experiment ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Interaction Model ◽

Underwater Vehicle ◽

Water Stream ◽

Hydrodynamic Analysis ◽

Structure Interaction ◽

Vehicle Systems

This report presents the development of a fluid-structure interaction model using commercial Computational fluid dynamics software and in-house developed User Defined Function to simulate the motion of a trout Department of Mechanical Engineering, Widener University holding station in a moving water stream. The oscillation model used in this study is based on the observations of trout swimming in a respirometry tank in a laboratory experiment. The numerical simulations showed results that are consistent with laboratory observations of a trout holding station in the tank without obstruction and trout entrained to the side of the cylindrical obstruction. This paper will be helpful in the development of numerical models for the hydrodynamic analysis of bioinspired unmanned underwater vehicle systems.

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Characteristics of Korean Forest Fires and Forest Fire Policies in the Joseon Dynasty Period (1392–1910) Derived From Historical Records

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10010029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Donghyun Kim

Keyword(s):

Forest Fire ◽

Forest Fires ◽

East Coast ◽

Historical Record ◽

Capital City ◽

Fire Damage ◽

Historical Records ◽

Royal Authority ◽

Joseon Dynasty ◽

Fire Stations

This study examined the records of forest fire outbreaks and characteristics over the 518 years of the Joseon Dynasty period (1392–1910) through the analysis of major historical records of Korea. The historical books used in this study were 14 major national historical books, and include the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty (朝鮮王朝實錄), the Diaries of the Royal Secretariat (承政院日記), and the literature was examined, centering on official records of the royal palace in the Joseon Dynasty period. The contents of forest fires recorded in the historical record literature include the overviews of outbreak, forest fire types, and forest fire damage. According to the results of analysis of historical records, the largest forest fire damage was in the forest fire that occurred on the east coast in 1672, in which 65 persons died and in the forest fire that occurred in the same area in 1804, in which 61 persons died and 2600 private houses were destroyed by fire. The causes of fire outbreak were shown to be unknown causes in 42 cases, accidental fires in 10 cases, arson in 3 cases, thunder strike in 3 cases, hunting activities in 2 cases, child playing with fire in 1 case, cultivating activities in 1 case, and house fire in 1 case. Forest fire outbreaks were analyzed by region and by season and according to the results, 56% (39 cases) of the forest fires broke out on the east coast and 73% (46 cases) broke out in the spring. Forest fire policies include those for general forests, those for reserved forests, those for prohibited forests, those for capital city forests, those for royal family’s graves, royal ancestral shrine, and placenta chamber, those for hunting grounds such as martial art teaching fields, and relief policies for people in areas damaged by forest fires, forest fire policies for national defense facilities such as beacon fire stations, and burning and burning control policies for pest control. In conclusion, due to the seriousness of forest fires in the Joseon Dynasty period, the royal authority and local administrative agencies made various forest fire prevention policies, policies for stabilization of the people’s livelihood damaged due to forest fires, and methods to manage major facilities in forests.

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Fire and Post-Fire Performance of Space Grid Structures

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.621 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 238 ◽

pp. 621-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guang Yong Wang ◽

Xing Qiang Wang ◽

Guang Wei Liu

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Fe Model ◽

Fire Damage ◽

Fire Performance ◽

Membrane Action ◽

Load Bearing Capacity ◽

Space Grid ◽

Deformation Stress ◽

In Fire

A fire performance finite element (FE) model of space grid structures in fire and after fire is proposed, and deformation, stress redistribution, failure modes of grid structures are also studied. The result shows that tensile membrane action arises when the grid is loaded after fire, and the load bearing capacity after fire is reduced by fire damage.

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