scholarly journals Hygienic Assessment of Surface and Groundwater Quality in the Zabaykalsky Krai

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
LA Mikhailova ◽  
YA Vitkovsky ◽  
EA Bondarevich ◽  
MA Solodukhina ◽  
MA Smoleninova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment ◽  
Musculoskeletal Systems ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Introduction. The supply of high quality potable water to the population living within the geochemical provinces remains an important problem since the imbalance of chemical elements is a risk factor for various diseases and syndromes. The purpose of the study was to analyze the quality of surface and groundwater related to the geochemical characteristics of the region and to assess public health risks. Materials and methods. Water quality was analyzed in the areas of the Zabaykalsky Krai characterized by the presence of geochemical anomalies. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals in drinking water was carried out in accordance with the requirements of R 2.1.10.1920–04. Results. We established the excess of maximum permissible concentrations for such elements as iron (1.1–5.1 MPC), fluorides (1.1–2 MPC), nitrates (2.2 MPC), manganese (5.1 MPC), zinc (2.5–4.6 MPC), and cadmium (1.3–1.5 MPC). Higher than acceptable values of non-carcinogenic hazard quotients were attributed to the effects of nitrites (HQ = 1.5) and arsenic (HQ = 3.4) on the child population in the Kirinsky district. The total hazard index (THI) exceeded the permissible one for children in the Kyrinsky (5.05), Borzinsky (1.92), Chitinsky (1.19), and Tungokochensky (1.24) districts, the urban-type settlements of Zabaykalsk (2.07) and Priargunsk (1.62), and the towns of Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky (1.1) and Chita (1.87). Arsenic, fluorine, iron, and nitrites in water contributed the most to the risk level. Conclusions. The priority water pollutants included heavy metals, nitrites, arsenic, manganese, iron salts, and fluorides due to local natural geochemical features and industrial pollution. The assessment of the total non-carcinogenic risk based on hazard quotients showed that the children were at higher risk for toxic effects of those chemicals on the immune system, teeth, bone tissue, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, skin, reproductive, respiratory, and hematopoietic systems, liver, kidney, central nervous and musculoskeletal systems.

scholarly journals Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of groundwater in South Gobi, Mongolia

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koyomi Nakazawa ◽  
Osamu Nagafuchi ◽  
Kanji Okano ◽  
Ken'ichi Osaka ◽  
Etsuji Hamabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Oxygen Stable Isotopes ◽  
Northern Mongolia ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment ◽  
Sheep Wool

Thirty-nine groundwater samples were collected from wells near the Tavan Tolgoi and Oyu Tolgoi mines in Mongolia and at a relatively pristine site in northern Mongolia during August to September 2013, and analyzed for the concentrations of F−, NO3−, Hg, As, Al, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Cd, Sb, and Pb. A probabilistic risk assessment found that >95% of the population in the areas was at risk from drinking well water. The hazard index (HI) was >1, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk to human health. At Oyu Tolgoi, the hazard quotient (HQ) of the As concentration (mean 6.63 μg/L) was >1. At the northern site, the 95th percentile HQ was <1 but the 95th percentile HI was >1. The ratios of nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes indicated that NO3− contamination of groundwater at Oyu Tolgoi and Tavan Tolgoi was caused by livestock waste. Mercury accumulation in livestock was examined from concentrations in livestock forage and in hair and wool samples from livestock in the South Gobi region. Sheep wool had the same level of mercury as in Japan, but camel, horse, and goat hair had high levels.

scholarly journals THE QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT AND RISK TO HEALTH OF THE POPULATION RESIDING UNDER THE EXPOSURE TO EMISSIONS FROM COLORED METALLURGY ENTERPRISES AND WOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Vekovshinina ◽  
S. V. Kleyn ◽  
I. G. Zhdanova-Zaplesvichko ◽  
K. V. Chetverkina
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

In the residential area under the impact of emissions from non-ferrous metallurgy and woodworking industry, the quality of atmospheric air was shown to fail to meet the requirements of hygienic standards for the content of suspended solids in air [≤ 4 MPC for maximal single dose (MPCmsd), ≤ 12.5 MPC for average daily dose (MPCadd), phenol (≤ 5.6 MPCmsd, ≤ 4.83 MPCadd), formaldehyde (≤ 1.56 MPCmsd, ≤ 6.58 MPCadd), fluoride gaseous compounds (≤ 3.75 MPCmsd, ≤ 12.4 MPCadd), etc. The quality of potable water in the centralized water supply system from surface water source corresponds to hygienic standards but, and in drinking water from the underground water source hygienic standards of iron content are exceeded (up to 1.1 MPC, 3.6% of samples). Also, in the study area, exceedances of permissible concentrations in lead soils are observed up to 2.09 MAC (7.84% of samples) and fluorine up to 4.68 MPC (87.04% of samples). The individual carcinogenic risk for the children of the study area is, on average, 1.18 ∙ 10-3, for the adult population, an average of 5.25 ∙ 10-3, and exceeds the acceptable level of carcinogenic risk by about 52.5 times. The individual non-carcinogenic risk for the short-term exposure to chemicals is by up to 9 times higher than the acceptable level. The individual non-carcinogenic risk for the chronic multimodal intake of the studied chemicals exceeds the permissible value of the total hazard index by to 33.4 times with respect to respiratory disorders. Priority factors that determine the level of risk to public health are chemicals present in emissions from enterprises producing primary aluminum (Benz(a)pyrene, fluorides, sulfur dioxide, suspended substances) and cellulose (phenol, methyl mercaptan).

scholarly journals Concentrations and Risk Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metals in Amaranthus (L.) Leaf Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. I. Yaradua ◽  
A. J. Alhassan ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
K. I. Matazu ◽  
A. Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
North West

Bioaccumulation of seven heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) in  Amaranthus leaf cultivated in Katsina state Nigeria were measured using atomic absorption spectrometer. The health risks to the local inhabitants from the consumption of the Amaranthus leaf were evaluated based on the Target Hazard Quotient. The possibility of cancer risks in the Amaranthus (L.) leaf through the intake of carcinogenic heavy metals was estimated using the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk. The target hazard quotient was (THQ)>1, indicating that the Amaranthus leaf cultivated may pose a non-carcinogenic risk for all the studied metals. Hazard index (HI) was low. The incremental cancer risk (ILCR) for Cd  violated the threshold risk limit (>10−4) and ILCR for Pb reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) in all the studied samples in adults, While in children ILCR for both Pb in samples from Dabai, Daura, Funtua, Matazu and Zango and Cd for all samples have reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3), while the ILCR for Pb in samples from Birchi, Dutsinma, Kafur, Katsina and Malunfashi are beyond the moderate risk level (>10−2). The study suggests that consumption of Amaranthus leaf cultivated in Katsina may contribute to the population cancer burden.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and risk assessment of toxic metals in agricultural soils from endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma region in South China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 568-579
Author(s):  
Liping Mo ◽  
Yongzhang Zhou ◽  
Gnanachandrasamy Gopalakrishnana ◽  
Xingyuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
South China ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Low Incidence

AbstractSihui city (South China) is much affected by nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). To investigate the relationships between the toxic metals in soil and NPC incidence in Sihui, 119 surface soil samples were collected from agricultural fields and analyzed. The soil As–Cr contents in Longjiang (high-incidence area) are significantly lower than those in Weizheng and Jianglin (low-incidence areas), whereas the soil Pb content in Longjiang is significantly higher than that in Weizheng. The Nemerow pollution indices (PIN) of soils decrease in the order of Jianglin > Weizheng > Longjiang. The enrichment factor (EF) of Cd indicates that the Cd enrichment is contributed by human activities. Potential toxic metal-related ecological risk values decrease in the order of Jianglin > Weizheng > Longjiang. The mean hazard index (HI) value of Longjiang was lower than those of Weizheng and Jianglin. There are no adverse noncarcinogenic health effects of soil toxic metals to adults in the study areas. Carcinogenic risks of As and Cr via ingestion and dermal contact and total carcinogenic risk are within the warning range, from 10−6 to 10−4. Hence, we suggest that toxic metals in the soil may not be major geochemical carcinogenic factors of high NPC incidence in Sihui.

scholarly journals Risk assessment of Ni, Cr, and Si release from alkaline minerals during enhanced weathering

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Fatima Haque ◽  
Yi Wai Chiang ◽  
Rafael M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Index Value

AbstractCalcium- and magnesium-rich alkaline silicate minerals, when applied to soil, can aid in carbon dioxide sequestration via enhanced weathering. The weathering of these silicate minerals is also associated with the release of heavy metals such as Ni and Cr, depending on the composition of the parent rock, and also labile Si. This paper critically analyses the risk associated with the release of Ni, Cr, and Si from alkaline silicate minerals as a result of enhanced weathering to evaluate its potential to be applied as a soil amendment. Based on the available data in the literature, this study evaluates the soil contamination level and quantifies the risk these elements pose to human health as well as the environment. To assess these potential threat levels, the geoaccumulation index was applied, along with the method recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency for health risk assessment. The main findings of this study indicate the potential release of Ni, Cr, and Si to exceed the soil quality guideline value. The geochemical index suggests that the analyzed samples are in the class 0–3 and represents sites that lie between uncontaminated zones to highly contaminated zones. The hazard index value for Ni and Cr is greater than unity, which suggests that Ni and Cr release poses a non-carcinogenic risk. The probability of labile Si concentration in the soil to exceed the critical value is found to be 75%.

Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Krewski ◽  
T. Thorslund ◽  
J. Withey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Multiple Exposures ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Carcinogenic Substances ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment ◽  
Potential Use

Although procedures for assessing the carcinogenic risks associated with exposure to individual chemicals are relatively well developed, risk assessment methods for mixtures of chemicals are still in the developmental stage. In this paper, we examine the difficulties in assessing the risks of exposure to complex mixtures, with special reference to the potential for synergistic effects among the compo nents of the mixture. Statistical models for describing the joint action of multiple exposures are reviewed, and their implications for low-dose risk assessment are examined. The potential use of pharmacokinetic models to describe the metabolism of mixtures is also considered. Application of these results in regulating mixtures of carcinogenic substances is illustrated using examples involving multiple contaminants in drinking water and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons produced from combustion sources.

Heavy metal and essential elements in beers from turkey market: A risk assessment study

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712199321
Author(s):  
M Charehsaz ◽  
S Helvacıoğlu ◽  
S Çetinkaya ◽  
R Demir ◽  
O Erdem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Multiple Heavy Metals

In this study, the level of arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) and also essential elements in beer samples consumed in Turkey were investigated using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The heavy metal-induced non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were calculated. For essential elements, the calculated estimated daily intake of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and cobalt (Co) from beer consumption were compared with their toxicity reference values. Tukey post-hoc test showed that As was found at a significantly higher level when compared to Pb. Also, a significant correlation was found between As level and alcohol by volume percent. All samples had a hazard quotient and hazard index <1, indicating no non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to single or multiple heavy metals. Some samples exceeded the threshold limit of acceptable cancer risk for As in the high beer consumer group. This assessment showed that in addition to health implications based on the alcohol content of beer, there might be a carcinogenic risk associated with the heavy metals content of these beverages.

Toxicological Risk Associated with Consumption of Rice Sold in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leatitiah Namubiru ◽  
Denis Male ◽  
Ivan Mukisa Muzira ◽  
Yusuf Byenkya Byaruhanga
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Timely Feedback ◽  
Rice Samples

Previous studies have reported the presence of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), heavy metals (As, Cd and Pb) and organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs) in rice sold in Uganda. However, the potential health effects associated with consumption of rice have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health risk of consuming rice sold in Uganda. A total of 45 packed and 30 open traded rice samples were randomly collected from retail outlets in the main rice trading areas of Uganda. Rice was analysed for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2, As, Cd, Pb and OCPs using AOAC standard methods. Dietary exposure of the consumers to contaminants was assessed using the estimated daily intake (EDI). The Hazard index (HI) and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were determined to define the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk from contaminants, respectively. The potency of liver cancer cases in Uganda was 1.02E-5 and 1.05E-5 adults/year/100,000, and 6.50E-4 and 6.72E-5 infants /year/100,000 for open traded and packed rice, respectively. The values obtained for the ILCR for Arsenic detected in rice were 1.14E-2 and 7.28E-2 for adults and infants, respectively. The ILCR of all detected OCPs in adults and infants were higher than 1.0E-4, in both open traded and packed rice. This study established a potential carcinogenic risk from consumption of rice sold in Uganda in both infants and adults at the current level of contamination and consumption rate. Establishment of a monitoring system along the entire rice value chain; enforced by a national regulatory body can provide timely feedback on the levels of contamination and the progress in reducing the contamination burden.

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