Multicomponent interventions against frailty

The prevention and management of frailty imply the delay of functional decline. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the adoption of multicomponent interventions, usually incorporating nutrition and physical activity strategies targeted to age-related risk conditions like frailty and sarcopenia (1). The protocol published by Low et al. (2) is based on a 4-month program including a combination of group exercise (1 hour, once a week) and the prescription of home-based exercises, together with group-based educational seminars (i.e., six sessions) on nutrition. As outlined in the manuscript, the beneficial effects of nutrition and physical activity as strategies to prevent and manage frailty are well established. However, a challenge in delivering nutritional education programs to older people is represented by the difficulty in motivating persons at acquiring new dietary habits because of multiple reasons (e.g., sociocultural, economic, or clinical issues). The personalization of the interventions may represent an effective strategy to promote these changes (3).

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Selected nutritional behaviors and physical activity among elementary school children

Progress in Health Sciences ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.1865 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

M. Zalewska ◽

A. Zubrycki ◽

Zenon Sosnowski ◽

J. Jamiołkowski ◽

M. Zakrzewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Rural Students ◽

School Year ◽

Age Related ◽

Younger Age ◽

Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽

The City

Introduction: Proper nutrition and physical activity are very important elements in the proper functioning and development of children. The lack of daily, systematic physical effort in younger and younger age groups is a public health problem. Purpose: To evaluate the nutrition and physical activity of children attending primary school. Materials and methods: The study was conducted among 707 pupils form randomly selected elementary schools using the authors’ own questionnaire in the school year 2013/2014. The questionnaire included questions on selected dietary habits and physical activity as well as the socio-economic conditions of the families. Results: Among the studied children, 88.6% consumed 4 or 5 meals a day. There was a statistically significant relationship between the number of meals consumed and the age of the children. Breakfast was consumed by 86.4% of children, more often residents of the city than the village (88.0% vs. 81.7%, p <0.05). Daily consum-ption of second breakfast was declared by 71.5% of boys and 74.2% of girls. The vast majority of the studied students (86.8%) have always taken part in physical education classes. Outdoor leisure time was declared by 75% of the surveyed children. Rural students showed greater involvement in outdoor activities than students from the city (86.1% vs. 70.2%, p <0.001). A total of 62.2% of boys and 51.8% of girls (p <0.05) participated in sports activities. Conclusions: Inappropriate nutrition and lack of physical activity affected both girls and boys, and the abnormalities were dependent on where they lived and were age-related.

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Sensory Profile of Adults with Reduced Food Intake and the Potential Roles of Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmz044 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1120-1125 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marie-Eve Mathieu ◽

Ryan E R Reid ◽

Neil A King

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Food Intake ◽

Physical Activity Intervention ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

Sensory Response ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Physical Activity Interventions ◽

Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽

Sensory Training

ABSTRACT The sensory profile, referring to sight, smell, taste, hearing, and touch, plays an essential role in optimizing the habitual intake of energy and macronutrients. However, specific populations, such as older adults, are known to have impaired energy intake. In this paper, the relevance of sensory impairments in this older population is described, and the extent to which nutritional and physical activity interventions can modulate these sensory responses when food intake is insufficient is explored. With aging, all senses deteriorate, and in most cases, such deteriorations diminish the nutritional response. The only exception is sight, for which both positive and negative impacts on nutritional response have been reported. From a prevention perspective, nutritional interventions have been understudied, and to date, only hearing is known to be positively affected by a good nutritional profile. In comparison, physical activity has been more frequently studied in this context, and is linked to an improved preservation of 4 senses. Regarding treatment, very few studies have directly targeted sensory training, and the focus of research has tended to be on nutrition and physical activity intervention. Sensory training, and nutritional and physical activity treatments all have beneficial effects on the senses. In the future, researchers should focus on exploring gaps in the literature specifically concerning prevention, treatment, and sensory response to understand how to improve the efficacy of current approaches. In order to maintain sensory acuity and recover from sensory impairment, the current state of knowledge supports the importance of improving nutritional habits as well as physical activity early on in life. A combined approach, linking a detailed lifestyle profile with the assessment of numerous senses and one or more interventional approaches (nutrition, physical activity, sensory training, etc.), would be required to identify effective strategies to improve the nutritional state of older individuals.

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Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions For Low-Income Populations

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research ◽

10.3148/68.4.2007.201 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Neera Chaudhary ◽

Nancy Kreiger

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Low Income ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Computer Search ◽

Allied Health Professionals ◽

Traditional Group ◽

Physical Activity Interventions ◽

Print Material ◽

Home Based ◽

Nutrition And Physical Activity

A systematic review was conducted of community-based nutrition and physical activity strategies for chronic disease prevention targeting low-income populations. A computer search of the relevant published literature from 1996 to 2004 was done using Medline, EMBASE, ERIC, CINAHL, PubMed, and HealthSTAR databases. The primary objective was to develop an inventory of intervention strategies. The interventions ranged in approach from traditional group sessions taught by allied health professionals, peer-led workshops, one-on-one counselling print material, and home-based telephone and mail interventions to multimedia strategies and experiential activities such as food demonstrations and group exercise. The results suggest that nutrition and physical activity interventions aimed at low-income audiences tend to be delivered in an interactive visual format, to be culturally appropriate, to be administered in accessible primary care settings, and to provide incentives.

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Epigenetic Modifications of theα-Synuclein Gene and Relative Protein Content Are Affected by Ageing and Physical Exercise in Blood from Healthy Subjects

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/3740345 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Simona Daniele ◽

Barbara Costa ◽

Deborah Pietrobono ◽

Chiara Giacomelli ◽

Caterina Iofrida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Epigenetic Regulation ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Dna Methyltransferase ◽

Epigenetic Modification ◽

Methylation Status ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Age Related

Epigenetic regulation may contribute to the beneficial effects of physical activity against age-related neurodegeneration. For example, epigenetic alterations of the gene encoding forα-synuclein (SNCA) have been widely explored in both brain and peripheral tissues of Parkinson’s disease samples. However, no data are currently available about the effects of physical exercise onSNCAepigenetic regulation in ageing healthy subjects. The present paper explored whether, in healthy individuals, age and physical activity are related to blood intron1-SNCA(SNCAI1) methylation, as well as further parameters linked to such epigenetic modification (total, oligomericα-synuclein and DNA methyltransferase concentrations in the blood). Here, theSNCAI1methylation status increased with ageing, and consistent with this result, lowα-synuclein levels were found in the blood. The direct relationship betweenSNCAI1methylation andα-synuclein levels was observed in samples characterized by bloodα-synuclein concentrations of 76.3 ng/mg protein or lower (confidence interval (CI) = 95%). In this selected population, higher physical activity reduced the total and oligomericα-synuclein levels. Taken together, our data shed light on ageing- and physical exercise-induced changes on theSNCAmethylation status and protein levels ofα-synuclein.

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High-Protein Foods and Physical Activity Protect Against Age-Related Muscle Loss and Functional Decline

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glx070 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 88-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

M Loring Bradlee ◽

Jabed Mustafa ◽

Martha R Singer ◽

Lynn L Moore

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Functional Decline ◽

High Protein ◽

Muscle Loss ◽

Age Related

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A Home-Based Nutrition and Physical Activity Intervention for Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: A Pilot Study

Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly ◽

10.1080/01639360902950224 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 188-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jana R. Kicklighter ◽

Deborah M. Whitley ◽

Susan J. Kelley ◽

Judith E. Lynch ◽

Tamara S. Melton

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Physical Activity Intervention ◽

Grandparents Raising Grandchildren ◽

Home Based ◽

Nutrition And Physical Activity

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Lifelong Voluntary Exercise Modulates Age-Related Changes in Oxidative Stress

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0043-119882 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (01) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Mohamed Bouzid ◽

Edith Filaire ◽

Régis Matran ◽

Sophie Robin ◽

Claudine Fabre

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Aging Process ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Regular Physical Activity ◽

Voluntary Exercise ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Age Related

AbstractThe hypothesis that aging and regular physical activity could influence oxidative stress has been studied by comparing antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid and α-Tocopherol) and malondialdehyde level (MDA) in four groups: young sedentary (n=15; age: 20.3±2.8 years; YS), young active (n=16; age: 21.4±1.9 years; YA), old sedentary (n=15; age: 65.1±3.5 years; OS) and old active (n=17; age: 67.2±4.8 years; OA). Antioxidant activities and MDA level were assessed at rest and after an incremental exercise. There was no difference in resting antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation between YS and OS. However, resting SOD and GR activities were higher in YA compared to OA (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) and resting MDA level was higher in OA compared to YA (p<0.01). After exercise, a significant increase in SOD and GPX activities was observed in YS, YA and OA (p<0.01). Likewise, after exercise a significant increase of MDA level in YA, OS and OA (p<0.01) was observed. In addition, the comparison of YA to OA and YS to OA revealed similar antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation between YS and OA, whereas antioxidant activities were higher in YA compared to OA. These data suggest that beneficial effects of regular physical activity in antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation damage could be impaired by the aging process and that regular physical activity in older adults could maintain age-related decreases in antioxidant defense.

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National Food, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Survey of the Portuguese General Population (2015-2016): Protocol for Design and Development (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.8990 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Carla Lopes ◽

Duarte Torres ◽

Andreia Oliveira ◽

Milton Severo ◽

Sofia Guiomar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

General Population ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Food Nutrition ◽

Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽

Activity Survey ◽

First Interview

BACKGROUND The assessment of food consumption data using harmonized methodologies at the European level is fundamental to support the development of public policies. Portugal is one of the countries with the most outdated information on individual food consumption. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe the design and methodology of the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, 2015-2016, developed to collect national and regional data on dietary habits, physical activity (PA), and nutritional status, in a representative sample of the Portuguese general population (3 months-84 years). METHODS Participants were selected by multistage sampling, using the National Heath Registry as the sampling frame. Data collection, during 12 months, was harmonized according to European guidelines (EU-MENU, European Food Safety Authority [EFSA]). Computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) was performed on a specific electronic platform synchronized with nutritional composition data and considering the FoodEx2 classification system. Dietary assessment was performed using 24-hour recalls (two nonconsecutive, 8-15 days apart) or food diaries in the case of children aged <10 years, complemented with a food propensity questionnaire; PA data (International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ], the Activity Choice Index [ACI], and 4-days PA diaries); sociodemographic data, and other health-related data were also collected. RESULTS A sample of 6553 individuals completed the first interview, and 5811 participants completed two dietary assessments. The participation rate among eligible individuals was 33.38% (6553/19,635), considering the first interview, and 29.60% (5811/19,635) for the participants with two completed interviews (about 40% in children and adolescents and 20% in elderly individuals). Results of the survey will be disseminated in national and international scientific journals during 2018-2019. CONCLUSIONS The survey will assist policy planning and management of national and European health programs on the improvement of nutritional status and risk assessment related to food hazards, and the enhancement of PA. The infrastructures and data driven from this Survey are a solid basis to the development of a future national surveillance system on diet, PA, and other health behaviors reproducible over time.

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Life-long sports engagement enhances adult erythrocyte adenylate energetics

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-03275-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Barbara Pospieszna ◽

Krzysztof Kusy ◽

Ewa Maria Slominska ◽

Jacek Zieliński

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Adenine Nucleotide ◽

Adenine Nucleotides ◽

Functional Decline ◽

Vital Functions ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Age Related ◽

Erythrocyte Metabolism ◽

Sports And Physical Activity ◽

Adenine Nucleotide Pool

AbstractRegular physical activity reduces age-related metabolic and functional decline. The energy stored in adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP) is essential to enable multiple vital functions of erythrocytes and body tissues. Our study aimed to predict the rate of age-related changes in erythrocyte adenylate energetics in athletes and untrained controls. The erythrocyte concentration of adenylates was measured in 68 elite endurance runners (EN, 20–81 years), 58 elite sprinters (SP, 21–90 years), and 62 untrained individuals (CO, 20–68 years). Resting concentrations of ATP, total adenine nucleotide pool, and ADP/AMP ratio were lowest in the CO group and highest in the SP group. The concentration of erythrocyte ADP and AMP was lowest in the EN group and highest in the CO group. In all studied groups, we found a significant increase in the concentration of most erythrocyte adenylate metabolites with age. For ADP and AMP, the trend was also significant but decreasing. Our study strongly suggests that lifelong sports and physical activity participation supports erythrocyte energetics preservation. Although the direction and the predicted rates of change are similar regardless of the training status, the concentrations of particular metabolites are more advantageous in highly trained athletes than in less active controls. Of the two analyzed types of physical training, sprint-oriented training seems to be more efficient in enhancing erythrocyte metabolism throughout adulthood and old age than endurance training.

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Sarcopenia during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions: long-term health effects of short-term muscle loss

GeroScience ◽

10.1007/s11357-020-00272-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1547-1578 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Richard Kirwan ◽

Deaglan McCullough ◽

Tom Butler ◽

Fatima Perez de Heredia ◽

Ian G. Davies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Fat ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Extended Period ◽

Bed Rest ◽

Current Data ◽

Muscle Loss ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Preventative Measures ◽

Home Based

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary global emergency that has led to the implementation of unprecedented measures in order to stem the spread of the infection. Internationally, governments are enforcing measures such as travel bans, quarantine, isolation, and social distancing leading to an extended period of time at home. This has resulted in reductions in physical activity and changes in dietary intakes that have the potential to accelerate sarcopenia, a deterioration of muscle mass and function (more likely in older populations), as well as increases in body fat. These changes in body composition are associated with a number of chronic, lifestyle diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, osteoporosis, frailty, cognitive decline, and depression. Furthermore, CVD, diabetes, and elevated body fat are associated with greater risk of COVID-19 infection and more severe symptomology, underscoring the importance of avoiding the development of such morbidities. Here we review mechanisms of sarcopenia and their relation to the current data on the effects of COVID-19 confinement on physical activity, dietary habits, sleep, and stress as well as extended bed rest due to COVID-19 hospitalization. The potential of these factors to lead to an increased likelihood of muscle loss and chronic disease will be discussed. By offering a number of home-based strategies including resistance exercise, higher protein intakes and supplementation, we can potentially guide public health authorities to avoid a lifestyle disease and rehabilitation crisis post-COVID-19. Such strategies may also serve as useful preventative measures for reducing the likelihood of sarcopenia in general and in the event of future periods of isolation.

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