scholarly journals Epigenetic Modifications of theα-Synuclein Gene and Relative Protein Content Are Affected by Ageing and Physical Exercise in Blood from Healthy Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Daniele ◽  
Barbara Costa ◽  
Deborah Pietrobono ◽  
Chiara Giacomelli ◽  
Caterina Iofrida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related

Epigenetic regulation may contribute to the beneficial effects of physical activity against age-related neurodegeneration. For example, epigenetic alterations of the gene encoding forα-synuclein (SNCA) have been widely explored in both brain and peripheral tissues of Parkinson’s disease samples. However, no data are currently available about the effects of physical exercise onSNCAepigenetic regulation in ageing healthy subjects. The present paper explored whether, in healthy individuals, age and physical activity are related to blood intron1-SNCA(SNCAI1) methylation, as well as further parameters linked to such epigenetic modification (total, oligomericα-synuclein and DNA methyltransferase concentrations in the blood). Here, theSNCAI1methylation status increased with ageing, and consistent with this result, lowα-synuclein levels were found in the blood. The direct relationship betweenSNCAI1methylation andα-synuclein levels was observed in samples characterized by bloodα-synuclein concentrations of 76.3 ng/mg protein or lower (confidence interval (CI) = 95%). In this selected population, higher physical activity reduced the total and oligomericα-synuclein levels. Taken together, our data shed light on ageing- and physical exercise-induced changes on theSNCAmethylation status and protein levels ofα-synuclein.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effects of Physical Activity via the Adaptation of Astrocytes

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Grazia Maugeri ◽  
Velia D’Agata ◽  
Benedetta Magrì ◽  
Federico Roggio ◽  
Alessandro Castorina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Glutamate Uptake ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Brain

The multifold benefits of regular physical exercise have been largely demonstrated in human and animal models. Several studies have reported the beneficial effects of physical activity, both in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system (CNS). Regular exercise improves cognition, brain plasticity, neurogenesis and reduces the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases, making timeless the principle of “mens sana in corpore sano” (i.e., a healthy mind in a healthy body). Physical exercise promotes morphological and functional changes in the brain, acting not only in neurons but also in astrocytes, which represent the most numerous glial cells in the brain. The multiple effects of exercise on astrocytes comprise the increased number of new astrocytes, the maintenance of basal levels of catecholamine, the increase in glutamate uptake, the major release of trophic factors and better astrocytic coverage of cerebral blood vessels. The purpose of this review is to highlight the effects of exercise on brain function, emphasize the role of astrocytes in the healthy CNS, and provide an update for a better understanding of the effects of physical exercise in the modulation of astrocyte function.

313. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE CRH GENE PROMOTER INVOLVES SPECIFIC CpG DE-METHYLATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
X. Pan ◽  
C. Abou-Seif ◽  
M. Allars ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
R. C. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Bewo Cell ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Partial Methylation ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Bewo Cells

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH), is expressed in many regions of the central nervous system and in some peripheral tissues, and plays an important role in determining gestational length. In placenta, a cAMP regulatory site (CRE) is crucial for CRH gene regulation. The promoter of CRH gene has 9 CpG sites, which should be the targets of epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation. The BeWo cell line, derived from human gestational choriocarcinoma, has been widely used as an in vitro model for the placenta. BeWo cells only produce CRH after exposure to cAMP. The DNA methyl transferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-aza-cytidine stimulates CRH expression 5-fold in camp treated BeWo cells, indicating the CRH promoter as a target of DNMTs. To evaluate methylation differences of the 9 CpG sites in CRH gene promoter in BeWo cells after treatment with cAMP. Genomic DNA was extracted from BeWo cells treated or not with cAMP. Sodium bisulfite conversion was used to modify the genomic DNA. PCR was used to amplify the CRH promoter region with primers that did not contain CpG sites. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The CpG methylation status of each sample was obtained by comparing the sequencing results with the original sequence. In non-stimulated cells (control) CpG -4 was methylated in 50% of the clones and CpG -6 was methylated in 75% of the clones, but the other 7 sites were methylated in every clone. In the cAMP treated cells however there was 100% methylation at CpG sites 6 through 9, but only partial methylation at CpG-1 and 3 (60%), CpG-4 and 5 (40%). Most interestingly, there was no methylation found at CpG-2 in any of the clones from cAMP treated cells, indicating that specific CpG de-methylation around the CRE is required for CRH gene expression.

scholarly journals Effects of Tomato Juice Intake on Salivary 8-Oxo-dG Levels as Oxidative Stress Biomarker after Extensive Physical Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ali Pour Khavari ◽  
Siamak Haghdoost
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stress Biomarker

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) at a normal level are important molecules involved in several cellular processes including immune response and cell signalling. Overproduction of ROS may lead to elevated oxidative stress and consequently to age-related diseases. Most of the studies related to oxidative stress in humans have been done on blood samples. However, blood sampling might be painful, requires special qualified personnel, and has to be performed at medical centers. An alternative to blood is saliva. Saliva sampling is noninvasive and can be performed by the donor. Biomarker determination in saliva is becoming an important part of laboratory diagnosis, but method development is needed before it can be used in the clinics. In the present investigation, 16 donors performed extensive physical exercise by cycling and keeping their heart rate at 80% of maximum for 20 minutes. The physical activity was repeated 3 times: before tomato juice intake, after daily intake of 100 ml tomato juice during 3 weeks, and finally 3 weeks after finishing tomato juice intake (washout period). The level of the stress biomarker, salivary 8-oxo-dG, was determined before and after the physical activity. The results indicate that (a) 20 min extensive physical activity increases the level of 8-oxo-dG in saliva significantly (p=0.0078) and (b) daily intake of 100 ml tomato juice may inhibit (p=0.052) overproduction of salivary 8-oxo-dG by 20 min physical activity. We conclude that the 20 min extensive physical activity increases the level of salivary 8-oxo-dG in healthy donors and 100 ml daily intake of tomato juice may inhibit the increase of 8-oxo-dG in saliva.

scholarly journals Lipid profile, apolipoprotein A-I and oxidative stress in professional footballers, sedentary individuals, and their relatives

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Margioti Zanella ◽  
Marcelo Arruda Nakazone ◽  
Marcela Augusta Souza Pinhel ◽  
Dorotéia Rossi Silva Souza
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cholesterol Fraction

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether lipid profile (LP), apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-I) and malondialdehyde (MDA) have any relationship with physical exercise by comparing the groups of footballers (FG) with sedentary individuals (CG) and their relatives (RFG and RCG). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty individuals from FG and CG, 60 from RFG, and 57 from RCG were studied. RESULTS: FG showed lower levels of total cholesterol (119.5 ± 37.9 mg/dL), LDL-cholesterol fraction (53.6 ± 30.3), apo A-I (116.7 ± 11.9), and higher level of HDL-cholesterol fraction (HDLc) (49.7 ± 8.5) compared to RFG (148.3 ± 36.9, P = 0.02; 82.4 ± 37.7, P < 0.01; 124.6 ± 10.2, P = 0.03; and 42.7 ± 7.7, P < 0.01; respectively). Moreover, FG had reduced levels of MDA (101.0 ± 77.0 ng/mL) compared to CG (290.0 ± 341.0, P = 0.03) and RFG (209.9 ± 197.5, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an association between physical exercise and lower levels of MDA in FG. Physical activity seems to promote beneficial effects on the LP regardless of the genetic influence considering HDLc levels.

scholarly journals Multicomponent interventions against frailty

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
D. Azzolino ◽  
M. Cesari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Multicomponent Interventions

The prevention and management of frailty imply the delay of functional decline. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the adoption of multicomponent interventions, usually incorporating nutrition and physical activity strategies targeted to age-related risk conditions like frailty and sarcopenia (1). The protocol published by Low et al. (2) is based on a 4-month program including a combination of group exercise (1 hour, once a week) and the prescription of home-based exercises, together with group-based educational seminars (i.e., six sessions) on nutrition. As outlined in the manuscript, the beneficial effects of nutrition and physical activity as strategies to prevent and manage frailty are well established. However, a challenge in delivering nutritional education programs to older people is represented by the difficulty in motivating persons at acquiring new dietary habits because of multiple reasons (e.g., sociocultural, economic, or clinical issues). The personalization of the interventions may represent an effective strategy to promote these changes (3).

scholarly journals Lifelong Voluntary Exercise Modulates Age-Related Changes in Oxidative Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bouzid ◽  
Edith Filaire ◽  
Régis Matran ◽  
Sophie Robin ◽  
Claudine Fabre
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related

AbstractThe hypothesis that aging and regular physical activity could influence oxidative stress has been studied by comparing antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid and α-Tocopherol) and malondialdehyde level (MDA) in four groups: young sedentary (n=15; age: 20.3±2.8 years; YS), young active (n=16; age: 21.4±1.9 years; YA), old sedentary (n=15; age: 65.1±3.5 years; OS) and old active (n=17; age: 67.2±4.8 years; OA). Antioxidant activities and MDA level were assessed at rest and after an incremental exercise. There was no difference in resting antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation between YS and OS. However, resting SOD and GR activities were higher in YA compared to OA (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) and resting MDA level was higher in OA compared to YA (p<0.01). After exercise, a significant increase in SOD and GPX activities was observed in YS, YA and OA (p<0.01). Likewise, after exercise a significant increase of MDA level in YA, OS and OA (p<0.01) was observed. In addition, the comparison of YA to OA and YS to OA revealed similar antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation between YS and OA, whereas antioxidant activities were higher in YA compared to OA. These data suggest that beneficial effects of regular physical activity in antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation damage could be impaired by the aging process and that regular physical activity in older adults could maintain age-related decreases in antioxidant defense.

scholarly journals Exercise and brain

2018 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
А.А. Пальцын
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Жизненный опыт, многочисленные экспериментальные и клинические данные свидетельствуют о благотворном действии движения, физических нагрузок на сохранение телесного и душевного здоровья человека. Более того, множество психических, неврологических и нейродегенеративных болезней и состояний, таких как инсульт, травмы мозга, наркомании, для которых нет эффективных фармакологических средств, могут быть предотвращены, существенно облегчены, замедленны в развитии физическими упражнениями. Современная неврология выяснила ряд механизмов, которыми мышечное движение обеспечивает профилактический и лечебный эффект: синтез нейротрансмиттеров, нейротрофинов и других факторов роста, стимуляция нейропластичности, образование новых связей и перекомбинация старых, ангиогенез, митогормезис, нейрогенез. Life experience and numerous experimental and clinical data evidence beneficial effects of mobility and physical activity on maintaining human bodily and mental health. Moreover, many mental, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases and conditions, such as stroke, brain trauma, and drug addiction, for which there are no effective pharmacological therapies, can be prevented, considerably alleviated or slowed by physical exercise. Modern neurology has identified a number of mechanisms, by which muscular movements provide preventive and curative effects, including synthesis of neurotransmitters, neurotrophins and other growth factors, stimulation of neuroplasticity, formation of new and recombination of old connections, angiogenesis, mitohormesis, and neurogenesis.

The Effect of Physical Exercise on the Retina and Choroid

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (04) ◽  
pp. 446-449
Author(s):  
Irén Szalai ◽  
Fanni Pálya ◽  
Anita Csorba ◽  
Miklós Tóth ◽  
Gabor Mark Somfai
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brain Vasculature ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThere is only limited information available on the effects of physical exercise on the posterior pole. Retinal circulation is autoregulated similarly to the brain vasculature in order to provide constant flow and thus constant nutrition of the inner retinal structures while the choroid is mostly controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. The available data show that physical exercise may indeed have a positive effect on the retina and visual function. The assessment of retinal structure could serve as a marker in sports medicine, whereas physical activity could exert a positive protective effect against diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration. According to our theory, similar to the term “trained heart” used in cardiology and sports medicine, the term “trained eye” could also be coined. This latter term would help to further emphasize the beneficial effects of physical exercise that works protectively not only for the cardiovascular but for the visual system as well, and thus could further help in the fight against avoidable blindness worldwide.

scholarly journals Regular, Intense Exercise Training as a Healthy Aging Lifestyle Strategy: Preventing DNA Damage, Telomere Shortening and Adverse DNA Methylation Changes Over a Lifetime

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Sellami ◽  
Nicola Bragazzi ◽  
Mohammad Shoaib Prince ◽  
Joshua Denham ◽  
Mohamed Elrayess
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Age Related

Exercise training is one of the few therapeutic interventions that improves health span by delaying the onset of age-related diseases and preventing early death. The length of telomeres, the 5′-TTAGGGn-3′ tandem repeats at the ends of mammalian chromosomes, is one of the main indicators of biological age. Telomeres undergo shortening with each cellular division. This subsequently leads to alterations in the expression of several genes that encode vital proteins with critical functions in many tissues throughout the body, and ultimately impacts cardiovascular, immune and muscle physiology. The sub-telomeric DNA is comprised of heavily methylated, heterochromatin. Methylation and histone acetylation are two of the most well-studied examples of the epigenetic modifications that occur on histone proteins. DNA methylation is the type of epigenetic modification that alters gene expression without modifying gene sequence. Although diet, genetic predisposition and a healthy lifestyle seem to alter DNA methylation and telomere length (TL), recent evidence suggests that training status or physical fitness are some of the major factors that control DNA structural modifications. In fact, TL is positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity level (sedentary, active, moderately trained, or elite) and training intensity, but is shorter in over-trained athletes. Similarly, somatic cells are vulnerable to exercise-induced epigenetic modification, including DNA methylation. Exercise-training load, however, depends on intensity and volume (duration and frequency). Training load-dependent responses in genomic profiles could underpin the discordant physiological and physical responses to exercise. In the current review, we will discuss the role of various forms of exercise training in the regulation of DNA damage, TL and DNA methylation status in humans, to provide an update on the influence exercise training has on biological aging.

Immunometabolic Changes in Hepatocytes Arising from Obesity and the Practice of Physical Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (27) ◽  
pp. 3200-3209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Alves Monteiro ◽  
Wagner Luiz do Prado ◽  
Thiago Ricardo dos Santos Tenório ◽  
Luciane Magri Tomaz ◽  
David H St-Pierre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Triacylglycerol Accumulation

Over the recent years, a particular interest was shown towards understanding the roles of excessive hepatic fat accumulation and the development of obesity-related diseases. While hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation seems to be a response to the systemic increase of insulin release, fatty acid metabolites contribute to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It is widely accepted that NAFLD is a polygenic and multifactorial disease under the influence of critical behavioral factors such as overeating and sedentary lifestyles. The progression of the disease is proposed to include the accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes, but liver damage would be mainly initiated through an exaggerated activation of the immune system. This inflammatory response would be triggered by the increase in cytokine production followed by TLR-4 activation and NF-kB pathways. Interestingly, cytokines as IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 act as antiinflammatory in response to exercise and thus, could play an important role in the restoration of liver functions in diseased conditions. Strategies for healthy life behaviors including nutrition and regular physical exercise are recommended to counteract the dreadful effects of NAFLD. To beyond the classical effect of exercise for increasing energy expenditure and/or inducing negative energy balance, exercise also prevents and reverses the effects of disorders related to the immunometabolic profile. This suggests that exercise prescription may be an attractive alternative for the prevention of obesity and NAFLD. Thus, this review seeks to shed light on the inflammatory pathways regulating the beneficial effects of physical activity on obesity and NAFLD. We will clarify how physical activity intervenes to normalize inflammatory processes and prevent obesity and NAFLD. Finally, the exercise interventions should be individualized to facilitate behavioral and cognitive strategies in order to promote long-term adherence. A multidisciplinary approach including lifestyles, diet and exercise training interventions is considered as a "best practice" and displays the strongest liver benefits when it occurs simultaneously with weight loss.

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